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The erosion pits formed in an ultrasound vibration cavitation were compared to those corrosion pits formed in static water. Concentric iridescent rings around the erosion pit make it different from those corrosion pits. The distinct color and the α-FeOOH structure of the rings indicated that the iridescent rings were oxidization film formed under high temperature generated in the cavitation environment. According to the direct observation on the development of the iridescent rings under microscope, the formation of the iridescent rings was attributed to the repeated interactions between mechanical removal and high temperature oxidization during the cavitation erosion. This work also illustrated the synergistic effect of erosion-enhanced corrosion during the cavitation erosion. 相似文献
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空蚀破坏的微观过程研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过空蚀试验和扫描电镜分析对空蚀试样的破坏过程进行了研究,进行了微观点跟踪观察。结果表明:在金属表面产生空蚀针孔,在随后大量气泡溃灭作用下,针孔壁逐渐小块剥落,形成空蚀坑,当空蚀坑相互连接时,原始表面全部剥落,新的空蚀针孔和空蚀坑又重新形成,使金属表面层层剥落。确定单个气泡溃灭产生的微射流是在金属表面造成空蚀针孔的原因,而空蚀坑的形成则是疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的结果。 相似文献
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基于CFD的水轮机气蚀机制探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
针对水轮机叶片表面气蚀的典型特征,利用CFD方法进行仿真计算,模拟气蚀形成和作用过程;根据模拟计算结果提出了新观点:空泡溃灭发生微射流以一定的倾角冲击壁面,壁面材料产生的最大应变在流束边界局部区域,呈环状分布;空泡气蚀在局部区域是渐进的,以“连锁反应”形式扩展,具有一定过流环境的分布特征;典型的冲蚀缺陷形貌是空泡气蚀在不同阶段的产物。 相似文献
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A 100-h-long cavitation erosion experiment was performed on a sample of polytetrafluoroethelyene (PTFE). The weight loss curve of PTFE was different from that of metals, and the erosion process was characterized by two stages, each with a distinct erosion rate. Morphology studies on the erosion pits and X-ray diffraction analysis of the eroded surfaces revealed that brittle fracture was the main reason for the higher erosion rate at the beginning of the erosion process, while ductile fracture dominated the weight loss process later in the erosion process, thereby reducing the erosion rate. Based on these results, we consider that this transition from brittle to ductile fracture was responsible for the different erosion rates at the two different erosion stages. 相似文献
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粗糙表面的空蚀机制研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对2种不同表面粗糙度的45#钢进行超声振动空蚀实验,发现粗糙表面的空蚀程度(空蚀坑的数量和尺寸)比光滑表面的高.通过对空化形成条件及微射流对表面冲击过程的理论分析,指出粗糙表面比光滑表面更容易空蚀的原因是:粗糙表面的裂隙含有气核,增加了空化的几率;表面缺陷增多增加了破损的几率;表面凸起阻挡射流冲击表面后的侧向流动,延缓了冲击高压区的卸载导致蚀坑加深;侧流冲击导致凸起破断和表面撕裂. 相似文献
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冲击形式产生的冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀联合磨损试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
舰船等海洋运输装备在海水中行驶时,船体表面受到含沙海水的冲蚀磨损,舰船行驶速度变化引起的空蚀磨损,以及海水的腐蚀磨损,因此舰船表面材料的破坏形式是冲击式的冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀联合磨损。为了研究联合磨损的影响因素,研制冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀联合磨损试验台,并实验研究沙粒浓度、沙粒尺寸、含盐浓度以及冲蚀速度对45钢试件的联合磨损影响规律。实验结果表明:冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀联合磨损程度强于冲蚀和空蚀交互磨损或单纯腐蚀磨损,在较低的沙粒浓度和较低的含盐浓度条件下,金属材料联合磨损质量损失与沙粒浓度、沙粒尺寸、含盐浓度和冲蚀速度均成正比关系。磨损面形貌分析表明:随着沙粒浓度、沙粒尺寸、含盐浓度、冲蚀速度的增加,试件表面的冲蚀沟和空蚀孔的磨痕深度和面积增大,而在人造海水中,试件表面不仅存在冲蚀沟和空蚀孔,还产生了腐蚀坑。 相似文献
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石油工业生产过程中使用许多大功率内燃机。如内燃机使用不当,运转一段时间后缸套、缸体常会出现穴蚀现象,造成缸套、缸体穿孔,冷却液溢出进入油底壳,致使机油乳化,内燃机润滑不良而损坏。内燃机产生穴蚀现象的原因主要有以下两点:一是配制冷却液用的冷却水选用不当,不符合内燃机用冷却水标准。二是冷却液配制不正确,未加防腐剂。内燃机工作时,冷却液在机内循环流动,对机体进行冷却,温度逐渐升高。如果冷却液未达到规定要求,易产生水垢。水垢是一种腐蚀性物质,对缸套、缸体有腐蚀作用。由于冷却液在内燃机内循环流动对缸套、缸体产生冲击作… 相似文献
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An investigation was conducted to examine the deformation and fracture behavior of single-crystal and sintered polycrystalline SiC surfaces exposed to cavitation. Cavitation erosion experiments were conducted in distilled water at 25°C using a magnetostrictive oscillator in close proximity (1 mm) to the surface of SiC. The horn frequency was 20 kHz, and the double amplitude of the vibrating disk was 50 μm. The results of the investigation indicate that the SiC {0001} surface could be deformed, in a plastic manner during cavitation. Dislocation etch pits ware formed when the surface was chemically etched. The number of defects, including dislocations in the SiC {0001} surface, increased with increasing exposure time to cavitation. The presence of intrinsic defects such as voids in the surficial layers of the sintered polycrystalline SiC determined the zones at which fractured grains and fracture pits (pores) were generated during cavitation. Single-crystal SiC had superior erosion resistance to that of sintered polycrystalline SiC. 相似文献
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液压轴向柱塞泵配流盘气蚀机理 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对轴向柱塞泵配流盘进行气蚀试验。在试验条件相同的情况下,根据减压槽处结构不同的配流盘,得到两种截然不同的气蚀破坏结果。针对试验中两种配流盘的配流过程进行计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)解析,得到了配流盘不同位置的速度分布,以及压力、速度随缸体转角的变化曲线;得出配流盘发生气蚀的机理,即气蚀不仅取决于配流盘附近的速度和压力大小,还取决于速度的方向——射流角;提出通过改变配流盘结构,将油液回冲阶段初期的射流角控制在30°~60°内来减少配流盘上气蚀的方法。根据配流盘气蚀产生的机理将油液回冲阶段初期的射流角控制在30°~48°,经过试验,就气蚀破坏来讲配流盘的寿命延长到了原来的4倍多。 相似文献
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对40Cr进行模拟化工泵叶轮流道内工况条件下的冲蚀与空蚀交互磨损试验,分析40Cr材料的抗交互磨损性能和冲蚀与空蚀交互磨损试件表面磨痕。结果表明:40Cr的冲蚀与空蚀交互磨损失重曲线分为孕育期、上升期、衰减期和稳定期。在孕育期中,材料失重量很小;在上升期中,材料的冲蚀与空蚀交互磨损失重量增加。40Cr材料的交互磨损特性是以微切削、犁削和脆性剥落为主,同时存在针眼和剥落坑。40Cr试样表面的冲蚀沟槽和空蚀坑主要沿水流线速度矢量的方向,但也存在一些与线速度成一定夹角的摩擦痕迹或沟槽,说明影响冲蚀与空蚀交互磨损的因素不仅是水流速度,还与沙粒运动轨迹、水流方向及冲蚀角度等有关。 相似文献
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利用旋转圆盘空蚀试验装置,以流动的自来水为介质,对铣削和抛光加工的1Cr18Ni9Ti、40Cr、45#钢3种钢材料,进行了累计5min、20min和1h的空蚀试验,利用扫描电子显微镜对试验后试样的表面形貌进行原位观察。结果表明同种材料,铣削和抛光的试样蚀坑形态不同;同种加工方法,1Cr18Ni9Ti最难发生空蚀,40Cr的空蚀现象明显,45#钢发生了严重的空蚀破坏。结果显示不同加工方法影响了试样表面微形貌和显微组织,从而得到形态不同的空蚀坑;材料种类对空蚀破坏程度有显著影响,硬度和润湿性可能是重要影响因素。 相似文献
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Estimations have been made, resulting in a general method for the prediction of the incubation time for cavitation erosion using various cavitating conditions and materials. From a single erosion test, the incubation time can be estimated for various conditions and materials by plotting the mass loss as a function of exposure time to cavitation on a log–log scale. 相似文献