A study on the sound of roller bearings operating under radial load

The purpose of the paper is to numerically investigate the sound characteristics of roller bearings operating under radial load. For the sake of simplifying the analysis, it was assumed that the roller bearings are infinitely long, a noise source due to pressure fluctuation of oil film is taken as a line noise source, and acoustic energy losses in the bearing are neglected. To obtain sound characteristics of the bearing, the rolling contact load and the sound pressure level distributions were calculated for various operating conditions, and the results were compared with each other. How much the bearing noise can be affected by the design parameters, such as radial clearance of the bearing, viscosity of lubricant, and the number of rollers was also investigated. The results and discussions of the present paper could aid in the design of low-noise roller bearings and to solve the noise problems related to such bearings.     

考虑滚子位置变化的圆柱滚子轴承非线性刚度特性分析

以圆柱滚子轴承为研究对象,考虑轴承运转过程中滚子周向位置分布的周期性变化,对经典圆柱滚子轴承载荷分布理论进行改进,并对由此引起的轴承刚度时变特性进行分析,同时研究圆柱滚子轴承平均刚度及平均接触滚子数随径向力的非线性变化规律。为了对改进理论算法进行验证,采用有限元接触分析方法对圆柱滚子轴承刚度及滚子接触状态进行分析。研究结果表明,改进理论算法和有限元接触法均能准确预测轴承瞬时刚度的时变特性及平均刚度随径向力的非线性变化特性,同时证明轴承平均接触滚子数的改变是轴承刚度变化的根源。基于改进理论算法进而分析轴承初始径向游隙、径向力、滚子设计数量等关键参数对圆柱滚子轴承性能的定量影响规律。     

Effect of lubricant viscosity grade on mechanical vibration of roller bearings

This work aims to characterize vibration behavior of roller bearings as a function of lubricant viscosity. Experimental tests were performed in NU205 roller bearings, lubricated with mineral oil of three different viscosity grades (ISO 10, 32 and 68). The mechanical vibration was determined through the processing and analysis of bearing radial vibration data, obtained from each of the lubrication conditions, during 2 h of test run for temperature stabilization and under several bearing shaft speeds. The applied radial load was 10% of the bearing nominal load. Through root mean square (RMS) analysis of the vibration signals, it was possible to identify specific frequency bands modulated by the change in lubricant viscosity, which was related to change in oil film thickness.     

弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承静态径向刚度分析

从弹性复合滚子轴承的基本结构形式出发,结合当前关于实心圆柱滚子轴承和空心圆柱滚子轴承的研究方法,对弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承的静态径向刚度进行了深入细致的研究,用ABAQUS软件建立了弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承径向刚度的有限元计算模型,分析了填充度、外载荷、滚子数对径向刚度的影响规律,并和空心圆柱滚子轴承的刚度进行了比较。计算结果表明：填充度越小,随着外载荷的增大刚度的提升幅度越大,滚子数的增加对轴承的刚度提升幅度越大;填充度越大,随着外载荷的增大刚度的提升幅度越小,滚子数的增加对轴承的刚度提升幅度越小。弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承和空心圆柱滚子轴承比较时,填充度（空心度）越大,两者的刚度相差越大。     

预负荷空心圆柱滚子轴承刚度分析

根据预负荷空心圆柱滚子轴承变形协调条件,建立了轴承内圈的平衡方程,运用卡氏定理确定了滚子的负荷和变形间的关系式,据此导出了预负荷空心圆柱滚子轴承的刚度计算公式,依据此公式对某型号轴承刚度进行分析研究,结果表明:预负荷空心圆柱滚子轴承的刚度与外载荷无关,且随着空心度的增大而减小,随着滚子个数的增加而增大。     

双列调心凹面滚子轴承接触载荷分析

在考虑滚子与套圈、滚子与保持架以及保持架与引导套圈作用力的条件下,建立双列调心凹面滚子轴承动力学模型。以某双列调心凹面滚子轴承为研究对象,与静力学分析模型滚子最大接触载荷计算结果对比,验证了模型的正确性。并分析了工况条件(轴向载荷、径向载荷、倾覆力矩、转速)和结构参数(滚子数量、滚子长度、径向游隙)对滚子最大接触载荷的影响,结果表明:随轴向载荷增大,一列滚子受力增大,另一列滚子受力减小;随径向载荷增大,滚子最大接触载荷增大;随倾覆力矩增大,2列滚子接触载荷几乎不变;随转速增大,滚子最大接触载荷增大;随滚子数量增多和滚子长度增加,滚子最大接触载荷减小;随径向游隙增大,滚子最大接触载荷呈先减小后增大趋势。     

空心圆柱滚子轴承刚度分析

从空心圆柱滚子轴承变形协调关系出发,通过受力分析,建立各滚子载荷和外负荷的力学平衡方程,再运用当量弹性模量的方法,由帕姆格林公式确定负荷与变形间的关系式,求解了空心圆柱滚子轴承的负荷分布,据此导出了空心圆柱滚子轴承刚度的计算公式,并深入地分析了滚子空心度、外负荷、轴承转速和滚子数等对刚度的影响规律。研究结果表明：空心圆柱滚子轴承的刚度随空心度的增大而减小,随滚子个数的增加而增大,且外负荷和轴承转速会根据滚子的不同空心度表现出不同的变化规律。
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Effects of design parameters on the noise of rotor-bearing systems

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effects of design parameters on the noise produced by rotor-bearing systems supported by oil lubricated journal bearings. To do this, the effects of radial clearance and the width of the bearing, lubricant viscosity, and mass eccentricity of the rotor on the noise of the bearing are investigated, and the numerical results are presented through the graph of the A-weighted sound pressure level of the bearing for various rotational speeds of the rotor. The results show that the A-weighted sound pressure level of the bearing is markedly influenced by the mass eccentricity of the rotor and the radial clearance and the width of the bearing. High viscosity of the lubricant slightly decreases the noise of the bearing, but its effect is relatively low at high speed. The results of the paper could aid in the design of low-noise rotor-bearing systems supported by oil lubricated journal bearings.     

圆柱滚子轴承的动态刚度分析

依据拉格朗日定理,在考虑Hertz弹性变形和弹性流体动压润滑的情况下,建立了圆柱滚子轴承旋转过程中的动态刚度模型,并用试验验证了动态刚度模型。通过模型分析了在径向载荷作用下,圆柱滚子轴承的动态刚度是随轴承的旋转而周期性波动的,波动的大小与轴承的润滑、载荷、径向游隙、滚子数和轴承转速等有关,润滑的存在使轴承的动态刚度增大。     

Experimental analysis of factors influencing the cage slip in cylindrical roller bearing

This paper deals with the effect of operating parameters on cage slip in cylindrical roller bearing. A cylindrical roller bearing test rig is developed to measure the running speed of bearing elements at various operating conditions. The effect of operating parameters namely shaft speed, radial load, viscosity of lubricating oil, number of rollers, and bearing temperature on cage slip are experimentally obtained. The critical load and magnitude of cage slip for various operating conditions are obtained. The non-dimensional number is derived based on the operating parameters. The region where cage slip occurs is developed from the derived non-dimensional number and the experimental data. The temperature raise is experimentally obtained during slip condition and its effect on viscosity is included for calculations. The frictional forces are experimentally obtained and are compared with the theoretical findings. The significant effect of operating parameters on cage slip of cylindrical roller bearing is discussed based on the experimental findings.     

Vibratory behaviors of Jeffcott system on cylindrical roller bearings

A Jeffcott rotor system on cylindrical roller bearings is studied in detail. Its critical speed is calculated by a new calculation method with roller bearing stiffness and damping. The influences of bearing parameters, such as the roller length, rotor mass, distance between the bearings and the kinematics viscosity of lubrication on the system critical speed are numerically studied, and the influences of an oil film and damping on the critical speed are also studied. Regular curves of the relationship between the geometric parameters and the system critical speed are obtained. The results show that with increasing roller length and radial load, the critical speed increases; and with increasing rotor mass and the distance between the bearings and the kinematics viscosity, the critical speed decreases. This means that an oil film will decrease the critical rotational speed of the rotor system.     

弹流润滑状态下机床主轴轴承刚度特性分析

圆柱滚子轴承的刚度特性会对机床动态性能产生较大影响。在双列圆柱滚子轴承力学分析的基础上,综合赫兹接触与润滑油膜对轴承刚度的影响,分析了不同工况以及润滑参数下的轴承刚度变化特性。分析结果表明,弹流润滑产生的润滑油膜会使轴承综合刚度下降;随着外载荷的增大,赫兹刚度与油膜刚度均有所提升,轴承综合刚度提高;提升轴承预紧量有利于提高轴承综合刚度;随着转速的提升,轴承综合刚度呈下降趋势;润滑油动力黏度以及黏压系数的增大均使得轴承综合刚度下降。     

基于ANSYS的四列圆柱滚子轴承接触应力和刚度分析

对四列圆柱滚子轴承的接触应力、变形以及径向刚度进行了研究.建立了四列圆柱滚子轴承的有限元三维模型,基于ANSYS和Hertz接触理论,阐述了建模过程中的关键步骤,结合短应力线轧机的应用实例,计算了轴承滚子、内圈的接触应力与变形分布,直观表达了交错排列滚子之间的应力分布情况,计算结果和Hertz理论值相比较,具有较好的一致性.通过计算不同载荷下的轴承变形（轴承内孔轴线的相对位移）,获得了轴承刚度随径向载荷变化的规律.     

Study on design and simulation of a novel isolator cylindrical roller bearing

The sliding friction of the cylindrical roller bearing makes the internal resistance of the bearing large. Thus, this paper proposes to replace the cage with rolling isolators being placed between the cylindrical rollers, making the rub of all the elements be rolling friction. Therefore, the driving torque of the bearing is greatly reduced. First, the structure and working principle of this kind of bearing are described, the geometric parameter relationship of the roller and the isolator is analyzed, the feasible range of the parameters of the isolator is deduced based on the NFL203V type cageless bearing is proposed. Then, the ADAMS software is used for motion simulation of this novel cylindrical roller bearing. The best design plan is obtained through a comparison of the different schemes. Finally, experiments of bearing temperature are conducted, which shows the working temperature of the isolator cylindrical roller bearing is lower than that of the traditional roller bearings.

     

变速箱圆柱滚子轴承的设计改进

针对变速箱内第二根轴后端圆柱滚子轴承在使用过程中滚子靠平挡圈外径处的端面磨损严重,造成轴承抱死的现象,分析了轴承过早失效的原因。通过减少滚子的数量,减小平挡圈与垫圈的高度,加大轴向游隙,并对轴承的局部进行了优化,有效地解决了此故障。     

高速圆柱滚子轴承生热研究

通过对高速圆柱滚子轴承拟静力学和生热的分析,编制了高速圆柱滚子轴承生热分析程序,对圆柱滚子轴承内部各热源分别进行生热分析,得到滚子轴承各个单元间的局部生热和轴承总生热。以一个型号轴承为例,分析了转速、载荷等多种工况参数对轴承局部生热和总生热的影响,结果显示内圈转速、径向载荷以及润滑油的入口油温对轴承生热的影响较大。轴承的生热分析为轴承的三维温度场分析、润滑油参数的选择等奠定了良好的基础。     

基于接触应力的圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命分析

首先介绍了圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命的经典理论计算方法.然后运用Hertz接触应力理论计算出圆柱滚子轴承的最大接触应力,结合三参数幂函数公式确立疲劳寿命曲线方程计算出轴承的疲劳寿命值.通过改变轴承滚子数目、径向力大小以及径向游隙等参数,将基于接触应力得到的疲劳寿命结果与经典理论结果进行比较,证明了该方法的合理性.并分析了在考虑离心力作用下高速圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命与转速之间的关系.     

The lubrication of roller bearings subjected to couples

Roller bearings are generally designed to carry mainly radial loads with additional bearings employed to carry any axial loads. Occasionally, limited space prevents the use of these additional bearings, so that the roller bearing itself must carry the axial load. This must be taken by flanges on both the inner and outer races. The effect on the rollers themselves is to modify the load distribution on their generator contact surfaces because the rollers are now subjected to a couple in addition to the radial load. A similar effect is produced if two flanged (or unflanged) roller bearings support a loaded shaft. As its ends are nominally direction fixed, the rollers must be subjected to terminal couples, thus causing a modification to the load distribution at the contact surfaces. The effect of such forces on the footprint shape and on the bearing lubrication is investigated.     

Lubricant for Heavily Loaded Slow-Speed Journal Bearing

Slow-speed journal bearings subjected to heavy loads operate in a mixed/boundary lubrication regime. Clearance and lubricant play very important roles in reducing the wear and friction in these bearings. In the present article, an experimental study on heavily loaded slow-speed journal bearings with various radial clearances lubricated with three different lubricants is presented. Lubricants with varying viscosities and containing different percentages of antiwear additives have been used. Bearing surface roughness and out-of-roundness are treated as noise parameters. The results of friction coefficient and total wear have been reported. The experimental results suggest that a lubricant with high viscosity and antiwear additives significantly reduces the coefficient of friction and amount of wear under varying bearing clearances, circularity, and cylindricity. The use of such a robust lubricant may obviate the effect of manufacturing uncertainties. This results in reduction of manufacturing and measurement costs.     

滚动轴承-双转子系统动态性能分析

在高速圆柱滚子轴承拟动力学分析的基础上,利用整体传递矩阵法对滚动轴承-多转子系统的动态性能进行了分析,并开发了相应的分析软件,在此基础上,对高速圆柱滚子轴承径向游隙与整个系统动态特性的关系进行了研究。结果表明:圆柱滚子轴承的径向游隙直接影响着滚动轴承-双转子系统的稳定性。