Ethical considerations for the peace activist psychotherapist.

Discusses clinical and ethical issues raised by the stance of A. Nelson (see record 1986-11569-001) in his consideration of awareness and "response ability" in the nuclear age. Dangers of overzealousness, the temptation to apply the awareness paradigm too broadly, the potential harmful effect of heightened awareness, and the threat to professional neutrality are outlined. Four points are offered regarding the beliefs and ethical responsibilities of citizens who are psychologists. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us.

Reviews the book, Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us by Robert D. Hare (see record 2001-00418-000). Too often we hear about adults, and now more than ever, adolescents, who perpetrate violence so horrific and seemingly meaningless that their actions defy the understanding of professionals, let alone of the perpetrators' families. The republication of Robert Hare's popular work on the psychopathic personality is a testament to the success and importance of this book. Hare paints an intriguing yet scary portrait of this, the most dangerous type of personality disorder. His colourful, but accurate portrayal of the psychopath makes this book equally important alike for parents and clinicians. Without conscience is based on more than 30 years of the author's research on psychopathy. The book is written in a sincere and easily readable fashion for a general audience. The research and clinical literature is described in nontechnical terms with a minimum of jargon, making the work accessible to a wide audience. Much of Hare's research has been devoted to the reliable identification of psychopaths. His development of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) may represent the single, most important advancement to date toward what hopefully will become our ultimate understanding of psychopathy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Exocrine pancreatic secretion in man following one week of M1-muscarinic receptor blockade

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed to assess the influence of one week of selective M1-muscarinic receptor blockade on pancreatic exocrine secretion in man. Ten healthy subjects received telenzepine (3 mg p.o.) and placebo each for 8 days, with a 6-day drug-free washout interval between treatment sequences. On Day 8 of each sequence, pancreatic secretion was stimulated for 2 h by infusion of submaximal secretin (0.2 U.kg/h) followed by maximal stimulation with secretin (1.0 U.kg/h) and ceruletide (120 ng.kg/h). Telenzepine had no significant effect on secretory parameters during submaximal stimulation with secretin. During maximal stimulation, total protein, secretory volume, and output of amylase, trypsin and bicarbonate were unexpectedly increased by telenzepine. These findings might be partially explained by removal of the inhibitory influence of pancreatic polypeptide, which was depressed by telenzepine. Acute studies have shown that M1-receptor antagonists inhibit exocrine secretion. Our results suggest that adaptation of physiological mechanisms governing the exocrine pancreas may occur after one week of receptor blockade by a therapeutic dosage of telenzepine, to the extent that M1-blockade no longer inhibits secretion.     

History of peace psychology: Comment on Morawski and Goldstein.

Comments on J. Morawski and S. Goldstein's (see record 1986-02251-001) article on psychology and nuclear war by calling for a broader historical perspective to include pre-World-War-II developments, psychological research on general war, and the contributions of non-American psychologists in this area of research. Sociohistorical biases in Morawski and Goldstein's article that result from the omission of these issues are discussed. (69 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perception of disturbing and neutral words through the autokinetic word technique.

Disturbing and neutral words were selected individually for Ss by means of a word association test. It was then suggested to these Ss that an apparently moving but actually motionless point of light in a completely darkened room (autokinetic effect) would write a sentence containing a given word. The given word was either a disturbing or neutral word. The Ss reported perceiving fewer of the disturbing words. Those disturbing words that were perceived had a greater latency than perceived neutral words. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Israeli and Palestinian families in the peace process: sources of stress and response patterns

The Israeli-Palestinian peace process is characterized by its unknown outcomes and consequences for the families involved. The purpose of this study was to identify family processes under conditions of prolonged uncertainty. Data were collected from both Israeli and Palestinian families in the West Bank by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative and quantitative analyses showed cross-cultural differences in the perception of the situation; different kinds of concerns and sources of stress; different coping responses; and differences in dyadic interaction patterns and intrafamily processes. The findings are discussed in social-contextual terms, particularly the ways in which political and cultural contexts shape the perception of the situation and family processes under prolonged stressful conditions.     

Roles for psychologists in the "maintenance of peace."

The following are discussed: Opinions Concerning the General Issue; Current Practices in "Maintenance of Peace" (International cooperation, Compromise, Arms regulation, Persuasion, Deterrent power); Contributions by Psychologists (Search for Psychological Components, Summarizing and Integrating Current Information, Research, Application of Current Knowledge and Skills; Collaboration with Other Interested Disciplines); Contributions by APA (Extensions of Present APA Programs, An APA Program in National and International Affairs); and Prospects. 11 suggestions are made concerning an American Psychological Association Program in national and international affairs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

含金矿样的溶样方法和干扰元素的消除

综述了含金矿样的溶解方法和干扰元素的消除。主要介绍各种溶样方法、溶样体系和常见干扰元素的消除方法。引用献27篇。     

Reinterpreting the empathy–altruism relationship: When one into one equals oneness.

Important features of the self-concept can be located outside of the individual and inside close or related others. The authors use this insight to reinterpret data previously said to support the empathy–altruism model of helping, which asserts that empathic concern for another results in selflessness and true altruism. That is, they argue that the conditions that lead to empathic concern also lead to a greater sense of self–other overlap, raising the possibility that helping under these conditions is not selfless but is also directed toward the self. In 3 studies, the impact of empathic concern on willingness to help was eliminated when oneness—a measure of perceived self-other overlap—was considered. Path analyses revealed further that empathic concern increased helping only through its relation to perceived oneness, thereby throwing the empathy–altruism model into question. The authors suggest that empathic concern affects helping primarily as an emotional signal of oneness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Military children and families: Strengths and challenges during peace and war.

Throughout history, military children and families have shown great capacity for adaptation and resilience. However, in recent years, unprecedented lengthy and multiple combat deployments of service members have posed multiple challenges for U.S. military children and families. Despite needs to better understand the impact of deployment on military children and families and to provide proper support for them, rigorous research is lacking. Programs exist that are intended to help, but their effectiveness is largely unknown. They need to be better coordinated and delivered at the level of individuals, families, and communities. Research and programs need to take a comprehensive approach that is strengths based and problem focused. Programs for military children and families often focus on the prevention or reduction of problems. It is just as important to recognize their assets and to promote them. This article reviews existing research on military children and families, with attention to their strengths as well as their challenges. Issues in need of further research are identified, especially research into programs that assist military children and families. Military children and families deserve greater attention from psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Israeli-Palestinian peace process and its vicissitudes: Insights from attitude theory.

The vicissitudes of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process since 1967 are analyzed using attitudes and related concepts where relevant. The 1967 war returned the two peoples' zero-sum conflict around national identity to its origin as a conflict within the land both peoples claim. Gradually, new attitudes evolved regarding the necessity and possibility of negotiations toward a two-state solution based on mutual recognition, which became the building stones of the 1993 Oslo agreement. Lacking a commitment to a final outcome, the Oslo-based peace process was hampered by reserve options, which increased avoidance at the expense of approach tendencies as the parties moved toward a final agreement. The resulting breakdown of the process in 2000 produced clashing narratives, reflecting different anchors for judgment and classical mirror images. Public support for violence increased, even as public opinion continued to favor a negotiated two-state solution. Reviving the peace process requires mutual reassurance about the availability of a partner for negotiating a principled peace based on a historic compromise that meets the basic needs and validates the identities of both peoples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Endless opportunities for psychologists in public service: The army, the peace corps, and beyond.

The authors have written this paper at the encouragement of a senior public sector psychologist, who thought that many junior psychologists are unaware of the variety of opportunities and roles that are available for psychologists. While the opportunities in the future are likely to vary from those that the authors have enjoyed, the authors are confident that some similar, and some new, opportunities will arise in the future. One only had to keep an open mind and seize the moment. The authors have written this paper at the encouragement of a senior public sector psychologist, who thought that many junior psychologists are unaware of the variety of opportunities and roles that are available for psychologists. While the opportunities in the future are likely to vary from those that the authors have enjoyed, the authors are confident that some similar, and some new, opportunities will arise in the future. One only had to keep an open mind and seize the moment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)