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Residual stress measurements were made close to the toe of each fillet weld on a load carrying cruciform welded specimen by the hole drilling technique. A standard milling guide with high speed air turbine was used in conjunction with bonded resistance strain gauge rosettes. Experimental calibrations of the method were conducted under known uniform uniaxial tension loads.
A simple incremental drilling technique was used to determine the stress gradient with hole depth. Measurements were also made both at zero load and known tensile loads in order to study the interaction between residual stresses and the applied loads. 相似文献
A simple incremental drilling technique was used to determine the stress gradient with hole depth. Measurements were also made both at zero load and known tensile loads in order to study the interaction between residual stresses and the applied loads. 相似文献
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应用EPS混凝土来模拟含缺陷的岩石材料。对EPS粒径分别为1、2和3mm的三种EPS混凝土试样进行了载荷作用下不同频率的弹性波传播实验研究。采用单一频率脉冲叠合的方法来精确确定材料的波速,结果表明:EPS混凝土的p波波速随载荷增加在试件的开始压密实阶段有较明显的增大趋势,当试件相对密实,波速增加不是很明显;s波波速随载荷增加有一定程度增加,但幅度比p波波速增加得小得多。应用一种相对波速的方法,即将波速与当前载荷下材料的声波速度进行对比,可以较好地分析波速与载荷和频率的关系。最后对波速与载荷和频率的关系进行了理论模拟分析。此研究对于应用弹性波进行材料和结构的无损检测等技术方面有很好的参考意义。 相似文献
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求解移动荷载作用下黏弹性半空间体的响应,是研究交通荷载引起的环境振动问题的基础。移动荷载作用下半空间体响应的积分形式解不难得出,但当荷载移动速度接近或大于瑞利波速时,被积函数往往具有奇异性和高振荡性,这就使得数值计算相当困难。该文研究了移动随机线源荷载作用下黏弹性半空间体的响应问题。利用虚拟激励法,将系统的随机振动分析转化为确定性分析,然后通过广义Duhamel积分得到了响应的积分形式解。将被积函数图形化确定了函数的积分限,通过自适应数值积分算法解决了被积函数的振荡性,最终得出了黏弹性半空间体动力响应的数值结果。为确保数值计算结果的正确性,同样计算了确定性荷载作用下半空间体的响应,并与已有文献结果进行了对比。在验证了数值算法正确性的基础上,计算了随机荷载作用下半空间体的响应,荷载移动速度涵盖了亚音速、跨音速和超音速三种情形。通过具体算例,分析了响应的时间和空间分布规律,并对荷载移动速度对响应的影响进行了分析。 相似文献
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旋翼桨叶结构载荷计算方法比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于有限转角假设,建立了刚柔耦合旋翼动力学模型。该模型考虑了刚体转动与弹性变形之间的耦合效应,相较于基于小转角假设的传统有限元模型具有明显的优势。气动力以广义力形式与桨叶刚体转动及弹性变形耦合组建方程。在方程求解的单步上,分别采用力积分法、反力法以及曲率法计算桨叶剖面结构振动载荷。以BO105模型桨叶及SA349/2小铃羊直升机为仿真对象,比较研究了这三种载荷计算方法的预测精度与适用范围。对于不考虑气动力的纯结构振动载荷,三种计算方法具有相同的精度。在气弹瞬态计算中,力积分法对桨根载荷的预测精度不足。曲率法与反力法在桨叶有限元节点处得到了相近的结果。反力法预测精度取决于有限元建模精度,且只对节点处载荷有效。由于曲率法只计入弹性桨叶的弯曲曲率,该方法需要更高阶次的形函数以满足自由度二阶导数的连续性。此外,为加速收敛及减少累积误差,本文开发了基于外推法的数值积分算法。 相似文献
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高速列车荷载作用下高架桥和地基振动分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
提出了一种准解析方法来分析高速列车运行荷载作用下高架桥的动力响应。着重考虑了桥梁和地基的动力相互作用。通过动力子结构方法把研究对象分成两部分,一个是列车荷载作用下三维高架桥的有限元振动模型,另一个是基于傅里叶级数展开的轴对称群桩基础与周围分层地基动力相互作用模型,两者通过桩基承台节点处的连续条件进行结合。用薄层单元构建了应力波的透射边界条件来模拟远场地基对近场有限元区域的影响作用。用阻抗函数来表示群桩基础对上部桥梁结构的支撑作用。通过数值计算考察了软弱地基上新干线高架桥在高速列车荷载作用下的振动特性,分析了列车轮轴荷重,运行速度和群桩基础等因素对高架桥振动的影响;本分析模型和方法在计算上具有很高的效率。同时根据计算结果与现场实测的对比说明了本方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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Pierre Ouagne Joël Bréard Tariq Ouahbi Abdelghani Saouab C. H. Park 《International Journal of Material Forming》2010,3(2):1287-1294
The modelling of composite manufacturing processes where hydro-mechanical coupling takes place depends on the validity of compressibility and permeability models. In this work, the computer code initially used to simulate the effect of coupled hydro-mechanical load on composite preform (Ouahbi et al. Composites Part A, 38:1646–1654, 2007) is integrated into an inverse method to predict the compaction behaviour of the reinforcements. An experimental device developed at Le Havre is used to apply hydro-mechanical loads to the preforms. Two ramps of stress are imposed to the preform and the thickness evolution is measured as a function of time. The speed of thickness reduction is not constant and varies in the range of 0.1 to 12 mm/min. The effect of compression speed upon the saturated fabrics is investigated. For a fixed fibre volume fraction, an increase in stress is observed in increasing compression speed. The experimental results are compared to the compressibility curves determined by an inverse method. The calculated curves correspond to the compressibility curves experimentally obtained with low compression speed (~0.25 mm/min). As a consequence, this suggests that a low compression speed should be applied when investigating the compressibility behaviour of composite preform with a view of modelling resin infusion processes. 相似文献
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采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜表征了含Nb高碳钢的显微组织,并采用MFT-3000型摩擦磨损试验机,在室温下研究了摩擦载荷、滑动速度及滑动时间对铸态高碳钢的摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,铸钢组织由莱氏体和珠光体组成,洛氏硬度为37.3HRC。随施加载荷、滑动速度的增加,磨损失重量增加;摩擦系数随载荷增加而降低,随滑动速度增加而增加,随滑动时间的延长先增加后趋于稳定。磨损机制是以粘着磨损为主的粘着与磨粒磨损的混合磨损,高速、长时间滑动时,还存在明显的氧化磨损。 相似文献
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基于对智能层合板结构的模态分析,提出由结构的压电模态响应反演瞬态荷载时间历程的有限元方法。介绍了压电模态传感器的实现原理,并给出了由实测压电单元输出得到结构模态响应的计算公式。采用无条件稳定的精细逐步积分法求解结构的模态动力学微分方程,构造了通过结构的模态响应反求荷载列阵的迭代算法。该方法作为动态激励的压电模态响应易于实时监测,迭代过程简单可靠、计算速度快、识别精度较高,适用于任意形状和边界条件的复杂型智能结构。实例表明了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
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针对大跨屋盖结构等效静力风荷载计算需要兼顾多个响应控制目标问题,基于能量等效,提出了大跨屋盖结构风致共振响应多目标等效静力风荷载分析方法。根据结构风致共振响应特点,从保证结构整体安全的角度,确定以结构风振过程中各节点吸收和转化的风动能达到极值时刻为等效目标,据此最不利情况,推导了共振响应多目标等效静力风荷载表达式。最后,将该方法应用于北京奥运网球中心屋盖结构共振响应等效静力风荷载计算,结果表明:该等效静力风荷载下的结构静力响应与频域分析得到的结构动力响应极值吻合较好,验证了所提方法的有效性和工程实用性。 相似文献
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爆破震动的幅值、频率与持续时间是结构爆破震动响应与破坏的重要参数,爆破安全规程规定地面建筑物的爆破震动判据采用质点峰值震动速度和主震频率,但没有指明是三向速度的合速度还是单向速度,给爆破震动判据应用带来不便。文中采用有限元时程分析讨论了不同爆破震动频率速度荷载作用下结构的动态响应,指出在较高频率的爆破震动荷载作用下,框架结构对竖直向地震波响应较大,易在竖直向地震波作用下产生破坏,并可以将三维爆破震动中最大震动速度幅值作为爆破震动安全标准值;在较低频率的爆破地震荷载作用下,震动的水平荷载引起结构的破坏是主要的,应考虑水平最大荷载的爆破震动安全标准值。即结构抗震的安全标准在高频时以垂直荷载速度峰值为准;在低频时以水平荷载速度峰值为准。 相似文献
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The anti-plane problem of the transient debonding of an interface between two orthotropic materials is examined. The material
principal axes are allowed to be oblique to the interface. The debonding is modeled as an interface crack propagating self-similarly
from zero-length. The extending speed is assumed to be subsonic, transonic or supersonic. We first consider the dynamic debonding
under the moving concentrated loading. The moving dislocation model of self-similar propagation of an interface crack is used
to formulate the problem in a singular integral equation which is solved analytically. The stress singularity at the crack
tips is discussed. The order of singularity is found to be one-half for subsonic debonding and to vary between zero and one-half
depending on the crack speeds for transonic debonding. The dynamic stress intensity factors/coefficients for these two situations
are presented in closed-form. The paper also concludes that supersonic debonding is impossible unless the loads are directly
applied to the crack tips. Finally, the results for dynamic debonding under xn-type loads are presented by using the superposition method.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Zhi‐Jun Yang Xin Chen Robert Kelly 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2012,89(5):584-598
In high‐speed low‐load mechanisms, the principal loads are the inertial forces caused by the high accelerations and velocities. Hence, mechanical design should consider lightweight structures to minimize such loads. In this paper, a topological optimization method is presented on the basis of the equivalent static loads method. Finite element (FE) models of the mechanism in different positions are constructed, and the equivalent loads are obtained using flexible multibody dynamics simulation. Kinetic DOFs are used to simulate the motion joints, and a quasi‐static analysis is performed to obtain the structural responses. The element sensitivity is calculated according to the static‐load‐equivalent equilibrium, in such a way that the influence on the inertial force is considered. A dimensionless component sensitivity factor (strain energy caused by unit load divided by kinetic energy from unit velocity) is used, which quantifies the significance of each element. Finally, the topological optimization approach is presented on the basis of the evolutionary structural optimization method, where the objective is to find the maximum ratio of strain energy to kinetic energy. In order to show the efficiency of the presented method, we presented two numerical cases. The results of these analyses show that the presented method is more efficient and can be easily implemented in commercial FE analysis software. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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连续系统动态载荷识别的时域方法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文提出连续系统动态载荷识别的一种时域方法.通过适当变换,将问题归结为求解Volterra型第一类积分方程.在一定的载荷假设条件下,用插值函数将积分方程离散化,即可获得动态载荷时间历程或分布形式的时域识别计算模式.采用数值解法进行的仿真实例及实梁试验表明,方法是有效的. 相似文献
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为了研究啮合位置、载荷、转速等因素对滤波减速器润滑特性的影响, 建立了滤波减速器的内啮合润滑模型,将牛顿(有限元)法应用到弹流润滑方程组的求解中,利用Matlab软件,采用数值计算方法,实现了弹流润滑方程组的完全数值解,得到了滤波减速器轮齿在不同啮合位置、不同载荷以及不同转速下啮合轮齿表面油膜压力和油膜厚度值,分析了不同啮合位置、不同载荷以及不同转速下轮齿所处的润滑状态,得到了啮合位置、载荷以及转速等因素对轮齿润滑特性的影响规律.结果表明:在轮齿的啮入、啮出及节点处,润滑薄膜厚度值不一样,节点处的润滑膜厚值最小;载荷增大时,轮齿表面油膜压力会变大,而油膜厚度会变小;转速增高时,油膜厚度会变大,而油膜压力变化不大. 相似文献