New approach to SRM drive with six-switch converter

This paper presents novel topologies implementation for Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive used in commercial applications. For effective utilization of the developed system, a novel direct current controlled PWM scheme is designed and implemented to produce the desired dynamic speed characteristic. In comparison to conventional asymmetric converter topology, it can minimize entire system costs by reducing numbers of power semiconductors. Therefore, it may open up investigation of a new way for SRM to compete with other ac motors such as induction motors, brushless dc motors, etc. The validity of the proposed method is verified through theoretical explanation and experimental results.     

Variable structure control: a survey

A tutorial account of variable structure control with sliding mode is presented. The purpose is to introduce in a concise manner the fundamental theory, main results, and practical applications of this powerful control system design approach. This approach is particularly attractive for the control of nonlinear systems. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. Future research areas are suggested and an extensive list of references is included     

A novel power converter with voltage-boosting capacitors for afour-phase SRM drive

This paper presents a method of enhancing the performance of a four-phase switched reluctance motor by using capacitors to produce additional supply voltage during the rise and fall periods of motor phase current. The voltage rating of the inverter components increases and extra capacitor/diode combinations are needed. The operation and analysis of a series voltage boost circuit are detailed for different modes of operation with a study of the effect of the boost capacitor voltage on the current waveform. Different voltage boost circuit configurations are compared. The predicted and measured results show that the boost circuit increases both torque and output power and improves the efficiency of the machine, especially at high speeds     

Variable structure control of nonlinear multivariable systems: atutorial

The design of variable-structure control (VSC) systems for a class of multivariable, nonlinear, time-varying systems is presented. Using the Utkin-Drazenovic method of equivalent control and generalized Lyapunov stability concepts, the VSC design is described in a unified manner. Complications that arise due to multiple inputs are examined, and several approaches useful in overcoming them are developed. Recent developments are investigated, as is the kinship of VSC and the deterministic approach to the control of uncertain systems. All points are illustrated by numerical examples. The recent literature on VSC applications is surveyed     

磁悬挂天平的变结构控制

鉴于磁悬挂天平系统强烈的非线性特性及存在的多种不确定性，针对非匹配不确定性情况设计了变结构控制器。根据对悬浮时模型受力图的分析，及其模型两端电磁力、电流和电压的平衡关系，并以y轴方向受力为例，讨论了磁悬挂天平的非线性变结构设计过程。该设计的目的是使镇定误差趋近于0，其设计步骤包括期望性能到期望力的传递、满足滑动模态可达条件的控制力到控制电压的传递、控制电压的求解。同时对设计的结果进行了仿真分析，仿真结果表明磁悬挂天平的变结构控制系统具有良好的动态性能。     

基于变结构控制的转换器的电压跟踪仿真

针对PWM转换器的非线性特点,设计了基于变结构控制的PWM转换器控制系统,实现了很强的直流侧电压跟踪响应。利用Matlab/Simulink对系统进行了建模及仿真分析,仿真结果验证了很强的电压跟踪性能。     

Variable structure control of nonlinear systems: a new approach

A new approach for the design of variable structure control (VSC) of nonlinear systems is presented. It is based on a new method called the reaching law method, and is complemented by a sliding-mode equivalence technique. They facilitate the design of the system dynamics in all three modes of a VSC system including the sliding, reaching, and steady-state modes. Invariance and robustness properties are discussed. The approach is applied to a robot manipulator to demonstrate its effectiveness     

LQG/LTR control of an AC induction servo drive

A new design method based on the linear-quadratic-Gaussian with loop-transfer-recovery (LQG/LTR) theory has been developed for the design of high performance AC induction servomotor drives using microcomputer-based digital control. The principle of field orientation is employed to achieve the current decoupling control of an induction motor. An equivalent model representing the dynamics of the decoupled induction motor has been developed. Based on the developed model with specified parameter uncertainties and given performance specifications, a frequency domain loop-gain-shaping method based on the LQG/LTR theory is proposed for the design of the servo loop controller. A microcomputer-based induction servomotor drive has been constructed to verify the proposed control scheme. Simulation and experimental results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method     

Robust speed control of a switched reluctance vector drive usingvariable structure approach

The robust speed control of a switched reluctance vector drive is presented in this paper. An approximate sliding-mode input power controller and another feedforward sliding-mode speed controller are combined with space voltage vector modulation. The resultant drive has rapid and robust speed response. In addition, a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive incorporating the proposed controller requires only one current sensor and can be implemented in a low-cost 8-bit microcomputer and a few discrete integrated circuits. Furthermore, the controller does not require any offline characterization of the motor or load characteristics and could easily be applied to SRMs with any number of phase windings. A 4 kW four-phase SRM drive is constructed to test the performance of the controller. The results show that a step response from 200 to 1980 RPM needs only 2-3 s, even when driving a high-inertia load, and that the speed error can be controlled below 1%, even under unknown and dynamic loads. It is concluded that modified sliding-made controllers are effective in dealing with the highly-nonlinear characteristics of the SRM drive system     

Novel encoder for switching angle control of SRM

In a switched reluctance motor drive, it is important to synchronize the stator phase excitation with rotor position because the position of the rotor is an essential information. Although high-resolution optical encoders or resolvers are used to provide precise position information, these sensors are expensive. Moreover, in a high-speed region, switching angles are fluctuated back and forth out of the preset value, which is caused by the sampling period of the microprocessor. In this paper, a low-cost analog encoder suitable for practical applications is proposed. In addition, the control algorithm to generate switching signals using a simple digital logic is presented. The validity of the proposed analog encoder with a proper logic controller is verified from the experiments.     

Fuzzy logic enhanced speed control of an indirect field-orientedinduction machine drive

Field orientation control (FOC) of induction machines has permitted fast transient response by decoupled torque and flux control. However, field orientation detuning caused by parameter variations is a major difficulty for indirect FOC methods. Traditional probability density function (PID) controllers have trouble meeting a wide range of speed tracking performance even when proper field orientation is achieved. PID controller performance is severely degraded when detuning occurs. This paper presents a fuzzy logic design approach that can meet the speed tracking requirements even when detuning occurs. Computer simulations and experimental results obtained via a general-purpose digital signal processor (DSP) system are presented     

Variable structure control of a piezoelectric actuator for a scanning tunneling microscope

Scanning probe microscopes are now widely used in the field of material science and engineering for surface imaging at atomic scale. Their principle is based on the surface probing by a sharp tip approached at a nanometric distance of the surface. The probe is fixed to piezoelectric actuators allowing its displacement above the surface. An electronic command of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been designed and tested. The regulation feedback loop of the tunnel current includes an integral controller, as is the case in commercial equipment. An extra control by variable-structure system has been implemented on this electronic command. Its principle is based on the commutation of the feedback sign. The effect on the system performance of the variable structure control is presented and discussed. An STM head has been modeled and all the model parameters have been determined. The model has been validated by comparison of the experimental and simulated responses of the system under excitation.     

Variable structure current control for induction motor drives byspace voltage vector PWM

In this paper, a variable structure current controller based on a space voltage vector PWM scheme is presented for induction motor drives. In this current controller design, only the current sensors are employed and we attempt to force the stator currents to be exactly equal to the reference currents rapidly. This proposed current controller, which is based on the space voltage vector PWM drive, exhibits several advantages in terms of reduced switching frequency, robustness to parameter variations, elimination of current/torque ripple, and improved performance in induction motor drive. It shows that the current control laws can be demonstrated in theory. Finally, simulation and experimentation results verify the proposed control scheme     

Microstep control of floppy disk drive

A microprocessor on board of a 5 1/4 in floppy disk unit can be used for microstep control of the step motor able to compensate for unavoidable track deformations. The feedback is derived from a special signal recorded at the beginning of each sector. The resulting track following system is very attractive for magnetic peripherals with very high track density (192 tpi). The authors describe the design of the control system and its implementation using a Z80A system     

Position control of an induction machine using variable structure control

In this paper, a variable structure control algorithm is combined with an indirect field-oriented control strategy in order to control the position of an induction machine shaft submitted to large variations of mechanical configuration. The tracking capabilities and the robustness of the approach are tested experimentally using a low-cost DSP.     

机载激光通信系统精跟踪单元变结构控制技术

APT(Acquisition Pointing Tracking)复合轴子系统是机载激光通信系统的核心技术,也是实现机载激光通信的前提和保证,其中,精跟踪单元对粗跟踪残差进一步抑制,决定着整个复合轴的跟踪精度,是APT系统的核心部分.通过对精跟踪伺服单元结构的分析及复合轴APT系统对精跟踪单元的要求,设计了精跟踪的控制函数模型.根据不同飞行平台振动环境的特点,实现了变结构的精跟踪智能控制,使精跟踪的控制精度达到最优,并进行了MATLAB仿真验证.最后,经过APT复合轴的室内实验系统测试得出:在几种典型的机载平台环境下,最终的跟踪精度都保持在3 μrad左右.     

Multilayer control of an induction motor drive:A strategic step for automotive applications

Fault tolerance is a critical attribute in automotive electrical and propulsion systems. In this paper, a control scheme is presented that allows an induction motor drive system to operate in the event of multiple sensor failures. Automatic diagnosis of sensor fault and recovery is performed and used to reconfigure the drive system controls to achieve the best performance in lieu of component degradation. This approach couples a new digital delta-hysteresis regulation scheme with a model reference adaptive system scheme in order to provide fault tolerance for both phase-current and rotor position (speed) sensors. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Experimental fault-tolerant control of a PMSM drive

The paper describes a study and an experimental verification of remedial strategies against failures occurring in the inverter power devices of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. The basic idea of this design consists of incorporating a fourth inverter pole, with the same topology and capabilities of the other conventional three poles. This minimal redundant hardware, appropriately connected and controlled, allows the drive to face a variety of power device fault conditions while maintaining a smooth torque production. The achieved results also show the industrial feasibility of the proposed fault-tolerant control, that could fit many practical applications