加氢转化催化剂在乙炔尾气净化中的工业应用

介绍了西北化工研究院CH-101和CH-201型乙炔和乙烯加氢转化催化剂在80 kt·a~(-1)甲醇装置中的应用情况。工业运行结果表明,CH-101和CH-201型催化剂能有效脱除乙炔尾气中的乙炔和乙烯,完全满足工业生产要求。     

重整生成油脱烯烃HDO-18催化剂的运用

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院研制开发的HDO-18催化剂,以连续重整生成油为进料,进行选择性加氢深度脱烯烃,加氢精制产品作为芳烃抽提装置的原料,并在扬子石化2#重整的工业应用,为重整生成油中的溴指数达到了预期目标,取代重整装置的白土精制,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。     

CH-16焦化蜡油加氢处理催化剂的工业试生产

CH-16催化剂1993年5月在长炼加氢催化剂装置上第一次工业试生产。试生产中,水粉比控制在0.9~0.95l/kg,酸加入量控制在0.95%,制得催化剂的物化性能达到了石科院推荐的质量指标要求,活性达到实验室水平。     

重整生成油液相加氢脱烯烃适宜操作条件的研究

采用管式液相加氢技术,设计在5 L催化剂装量的工业侧线装置上,以HDO-18为催化剂,开展重整生成油脱烯烃可行性研究,并考察了反应空速、氢油比、反应温度、反应压力等适宜操作条件。长周期运行结果表明:该技术可以使加氢后重整生成油溴指数100 mg Br/100 g油,产品中的芳烃损失0.5%,可替代白土吸附或常规后加氢工艺脱除重整生成油的烯烃。其最佳操作条件为:反应温度170℃、反应压力1.5 MPa、体积空速12 h~(-1)和氢油比4:1。     

中国石油大庆化工研究中心改进重整预加氢催化剂

截至2008年3月17日,由中国石油大庆化工研究中心研制完成的“DZF-1重整预加氢催化剂”,在大庆石化炼油厂重整预加氢装置上连续运转7个多月。结果表明,与第一代重整预加氢催化剂DZ-1相比,使用新型催化剂可使装置反应温度降低5℃以上,加氢产品硫和氮含量均小于预定指标。该催化剂可完全满足装置要求,达到国内先进水平。     

Cu-ZnO/γ-Al2O3与B205联合用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢工艺

采用等体积分步浸渍法以Cu为活性组分,ZnO为助剂,Al_(2)O_(3)为载体,制备Cu-ZnO/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,并将Cu-ZnO/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂与工业催化剂B205联合应用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢工艺,考察反应床层温度、液空速和水醇比对氢产率的影响,并利用XRD及TPR对催化剂的结构、还原温度进行表征。结果表明,联合使用Cu-ZnO/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)与B205制氢催化剂对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢表现出较好的稳定性,在反应床层温度245℃、液空速0.36 h-1和水醇物质的量比4.0条件下,氢产率为2.5216 mol·mol^(-1)。     

连续重整辛烷桶收率优化探究

介绍了某汽油型连续重整装置的生产运行情况,以辛烷桶收率最大化为目的,对生产操作条件进行优化探讨。结合多年来的实际生产数据,考察了重整进料初馏点、反应压力、反应温度、体积空速和再生催化剂氯含量等5个方面对辛烷桶收率的影响,为生产优化提供了方向。在其他条件不变的情况下,调整重整进料初馏点至90℃以上、压力0.2 MPa、加权平均床层温度(WABT)约496℃、体积空速2.0 h-1、再生催化剂氯质量分数至少1.34%,可使连续重整辛烷桶收率达到最优值。目前该装置初馏点控制在90℃以上,反应入口温度530℃(WBAT约为500℃),在0.25 MPa压力下,辛烷桶收率能达到93%左右。     

Ni/ZnO-ZrO2催化低温乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

以草酸钠为共沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了以ZnO-ZrO2为载体的镍基乙醇水蒸气重整制氢催化剂(Ni/ZnO-ZrO2)。考察了不同锌锆摩尔比的ZnO-ZrO2负载的镍基催化剂在300～450℃催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的反应性能。用TPR、TPO、XRD对催化剂试样进行了表征。结果表明,当n(Zn)∶n(Zr)=1∶1,Ni负载质量分数10%时,催化剂中有镍锌复合氧化物生成,350℃时乙醇转化率达100%,450℃氢气选择性接近90%;TPO结果表明,ZnO-ZrO2复合载体可以降低催化剂上的积炭量。     

Ni/La-SEP催化剂对生物油模型物催化重整制氢的影响

利用海泡石(SEP)为载体,采用沉淀法制备Ni/SEP和Ni/La-SEP催化剂,其中金属La作为助剂改性海泡石。对催化剂进行XRD、TPR和TEM表征。以苯酚∶乙醇摩尔比为1∶2的混合物为生物油模型物,考察了催化剂、反应温度、水碳比(S/C)和反应时间对催化重整制氢的影响。结果表明,重整反应温度为650℃及S/C为8~10时,Ni/La-SEP催化剂上氢产率达到最高,为68%;同时,Ni/La-SEP催化剂表现出了良好的稳定性。     

镧对镍基催化剂催化生物油模型物重整制氢的影响

以镍基催化剂为主体,镧为助剂,采用浸渍法制备负载型镍基催化剂,并用于固定床生物油模型物(乙醇)水蒸气重整制氢工艺。考察了La2O3的负载量、催化剂质量、反应温度以及催化剂重整反应时间对重整反应制氢的影响。实验结果表明,获得最高氢气产率的较优工艺条件为:La2O3的负载量为6%,催化剂质量为75 g,反应温度为700℃;镧助剂提高了镍基催化剂的稳定性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。