云计算下负载均衡的多维QoS约束任务调度机制

高效的任务调度机制能够更好地满足用户的QoS需求,实现各物理主机间的负载均衡,从而提高云计算环境的整体性能。而传统的任务调度往往只考虑任务的响应时间或安全性等,且负载均衡策略是静态的。根据云计算的弹性化和虚拟化等新特性,综合考虑任务的性能QoS和信任QoS,提出一种在云计算环境下的任务调度机制,采用虚拟机迁移技术实现动态负载均衡。通过在CloudSim2.1仿真环境下的分析和比较,该任务调度机制不但可以提高用户满意度,而且可以有效实现负载均衡。     

Layered virtual machine migration algorithm for network resource balancing in cloud computing

Due to the increasing sizes of cloud data centers, the number of virtual machines (VMs) and applications rises quickly. The rapid growth of large scale Internet services results in unbalanced load of network resource. The bandwidth utilization rate of some physical hosts is too high, and this causes network congestion. This paper presents a layered VM migration algorithm (LVMM). At first, the algorithm will divide the cloud data center into several regions according to the bandwidth utilization rate of the hosts. Then we balance the load of network resource of each region by VM migrations, and ultimately achieve the load balance of network resource in the cloud data center. Through simulation experiments in different environments, it is proved that the LVMMalgorithm can effectively balance the load of network resource in cloud computing.     

云计算环境下的DPSO资源负载均衡算法

负载均衡问题是云计算研究的热点问题之一。运用离散粒子群算法对云计算环境下的负载均衡问题进行研究,根据云计算环境下资源需求动态变化,并且对资源节点服务器的要求较低的特点,把各个资源节点当做网络拓扑结构中的各个节点,建立相应的资源-任务分配模型,运用离散粒子群算法实现资源负载均衡。验证表明,该算法提高了资源利用率和云计算资源的负载均衡。     

云环境下机群弹性负载均衡机制

为克服传统刚性负载均衡机制不能适应多变的网络环境的缺陷,解决云环境下已有负载均衡机制存在不能充分利用弹性机制,且服务质量(QoS)不稳定的问题,提出一种基于绿色计算资源池策略的云环境弹性负载均衡机制,根据系统资源利用率对负载进行量化,量化结果决定资源池虚拟机的分配,最后结合虚拟机的使用情况,回收资源,提高资源的利用率。实验结果显示在该负载均衡机制下,响应时间稳定在2.5s左右,整体服务质量有明显提高,降低了电能消耗,验证了该机制的有效性。     

Energy-efficient sender-initiated threshold-based load balancing (e-STLB) in cloud computing environment

Cloud computing has transformed service delivery through its pay-per-use model, supporting diverse users with multiple heterogeneous Virtual Machines (VMs). However, energy consumption has emerged as a critical concern, necessitating cloud resource optimization for environment-friendly practices. This research paper presents an innovative energy-efficient threshold-based sender-initiated load-balancing strategy (e-STLB) to address this concern. The approach employs threshold values to trigger task migration between VMs, ensuring optimal performance while maximizing energy efficiency. The proposed strategy significantly reduces Makespan and increases Resource Utilization in an energy-conscious manner. Experimental evaluations using Cloudsim 3.0 demonstrate that the e-STLB outperforms other state-of-the-art solutions, offering a compelling approach to sustainable cloud computing.     

基于分层与容错机制的云计算负载均衡策略

针对混合动态负载均衡算法应用在云计算中,出现的站点信息交换过于频繁导致处理效率低下以及缺乏容错机制等问题,提出了基于分层与容错机制的负载均衡算法。算法融合集中式和分布式的优点,通过组织邻站点,使站点信息交换控制在邻站点范围之内,在任务调度时携带站点实时负载信息以解决频繁广播负载消息导致网络繁忙与服务器效率低下的问题。算法实现云系统负载均衡,减小请求响应时间,引入容错备份机制,以增强系统鲁棒性。实验结果表明,基于分层与容错机制的云计算负载均衡策略在任务分配时间、任务响应时间方面比传统算法提高20%以上,且在稳定性方面所提算法优于传统算法。     

基于网格计算的混合负载均衡策略

根据分布式系统的静态和动态负载均衡策略的优缺点,提出了在网格计算环境下的混合负载均衡策略.为了让网络中节点在网格计算环境中有效地执行需要大量计算的复杂任务,提出了用来评估节点效率的函数,并结合模拟实验证实了在此函数下算法的优越性.     

一种异构云环境下的负载均衡算法

针对动态负载均衡算法在异构云环境中的任务迁移次数过多的问题,提出了一种最小化任务迁移次数的动态负载均衡(MMLB)算法。MMLB算法通过自适应阈值对虚拟机进行分组、任务选择算法最小化任务迁移的次数、任务调度算法优化任务分配实现了任务的再分配。将MMLB与WRR、HBBLB、LBF算法进行实验对比分析,MMLB算法在Makespan、平均任务响应时间、负载不均衡度等评价指标上表现更优,并且有效降低了任务迁移的次数。实验结果验证了MMLB算法的可行性和有效性。     

面向云环境的Flink负载均衡策略

作为新一代的大数据计算引擎,Flink得到了广泛应用。Flink在云环境下进行容器化部署时,其默认任务调度算法不能感知节点的资源信息,导致即时调整负载和自主均衡能力较差,而主流的容器编排工具虽然提供了管理容器的可能性,却也未能结合Flink特点解决平衡资源利用的同时降低容器组内的通信开销问题。针对以上问题开展研究,提出了一种面向云环境的Flink负载均衡策略FLBS,综合考虑了Flink集群中算子的分布特点和容器间通信机制,以节点间通信开销和均衡负载作为评估标准。实验结果表明,与Flink默认调度策略相比,FLBS能够有效提高计算效率,提升系统性能。     

A stochastic load balancing algorithm for i‐Computing

This paper presents a stochastic dynamic load balancing algorithm for Internet computing, which is a new type of distributed computing involving heterogeneous workstations from different organizations on the Internet. To realize the practical environment, we assume the system to be comprised of heterogeneous, untrusted and non‐dedicated workstations connected by a non‐dedicated network. Our algorithm uses the product of the average processing time and the queue length of system jobs as the load index. Dynamic communication delay is included in the execution cost calculation. The transfer policy and the location policy are combined in a stochastic algorithm. State information exchange is done via information feedback and mutual updating. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms conventional approaches over a wide range of system parameters. These results are reconfirmed by empirical experiments after we have implemented the algorithms on the Distributed Java Machine global virtual machine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

虚拟化云计算数据中心资源节能调度算法研究

针对当前云计算数据中心资源调度过程耗时长、能耗高、数据传输准确性较低的问题,提出基于VR沉浸式的虚拟化云计算数据中心资源节能调度算法。构建云计算数据中心资源采样模型,结合虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)互动装置输出、转换、调度中心资源,提取中心资源的关联规则特征量,采用嵌入式模糊聚类融合分析方法三维重构中心资源,建立虚拟化云计算数据中心资源的信息融合中心,采用决策相关性分析方法,结合差异化融合特征量实现对数据中心资源调度,实现虚拟化云计算数据中心资源实时节能调度。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行虚拟化云计算数据中心资源节能调度的数据传输准确性较高,时间开销较短,能耗较低,在中心资源调度中具有很好的应用价值。     

Load balancing aware scheduling algorithms for fog networks

Fog networks have attracted the attention of researchers recently. The idea is that a part of the computation of a job/application can be performed by fog devices that are located at the network edge, close to the users. Executing latency sensitive applications on the cloud may not be feasible, owing to the significant communication delay involved between the user and the cloud data center (cdc). By the time the application traverses the network and reaches the cloud data center, it might already be too late. However, fog devices, also known as mobile data centers (mdcs), are capable of executing such latency sensitive applications. In this paper, we study the problem of balancing the application load while taking account of security constraints of jobs, across various mdcs in a fog network. In case a particular mdc does not have sufficient capacity to execute a job, the job needs to be migrated to some other mdc. To this end, we propose three heuristic algorithms: minimum distance, minimum load, and minimum hop distance and load (MHDL). In addition, we also propose an ILP-based algorithm called load balancing aware scheduling ILP (LASILP) for solving the task mapping and scheduling problem. The performance of the proposed algorithms have been compared with the cloud only algorithm and another heuristic algorithm called fog-cloud-placement (FCP). Simulation results performed on real-life workload traces reveal that the MHDL heuristic performs better as compared to other scheduling policies in the fog computing environment while meeting application privacy requirements.     

A Dynamic Load Balancing Mechanism for Distributed Systems

It is desirable in a distributed system to have the system load balanced evenly among the nodes so that the mean job response time is minimized.In this paper,we present a dynamic load balancing mechanism(DLB).It adopts a cntralized approach and is network topology independent.The DLB mechanism employs a set of threscholds which are automatically adjusted as the system load changes.It also provides a simple mechanism for the system to switch between periodic and instantaneous load balancing policies with ease.The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by intensive simulations for various parameters.Te simulation results show that the mean job response time in a system implementing DLB algorithm is significantly lower than the same system without load balancings.Furthermore,compared with a previously proposed algorithm,DLB algorithm demonstrates improved performance,especially when the system is heavily loaded and the load is unevenly distributed.     

基于云计算环境的校园网网络视频直播设计

对传统的校园网视频直播技术架构进行了分析,针对存在的传输路径长、网络抖动影响大等不足,提出了一种基于云计算环境的视频直播设计方法。首先对基于云计算环境的视频直播整体架构进行了描述,然后对涉及的关键问题进行了深入的分析,最后在真实的校园网环境中进行了测试。该方法采用分层的建设思路,具有可弹性扩展的特点,有效地节约了校园网主干线路的大量带宽和物理计算资源,降低了视频直播平台的运行维护难度。     

云环境中基于LVS集群的负载均衡算法

为了解决传统负载均衡技术应用到云计算环境中引发的新问题,提出一种云环境下基于LVS集群分组负载均衡算法。该算法首先根据硬件性能计算各节点的权值,将性能相同(或近似相同)的服务器分为一组,每组节点数量相等(或近似相等),负载均衡器定期地收集各节点CPU、内存、I/O、网络利用率以及响应时间,动态改变节点的权值,使用改进算法选择该组内最佳节点,并计算节点的综合负载和组负载。最后再次使用改进算法由组负载均衡器选择集群最佳节点,并进行任务请求的合理分配,从而解决因并发量过大而引起的时延等问题。实验结果表明,与加权轮询算法(WRR)和加权最少连接算法(WLC)相比,本算法能够在并发量较大的情况下维持较短的响应时间和较高的吞吐率,使集群负载更加均衡。     

面向云计算的多虚拟机管理模型的设计

提出基于P2P结构的多虚拟机管理模型,并实现其原型系统。采用P2P结构组织宿主机节点,利用组播实现资源发现;提出虚拟机动态迁移算法,自主触发节点间虚拟机动态迁移;利用选举的根节点映射云计算用户请求至宿主机,实现节点上虚拟机的按需创建、删除及停止等操作。实验表明:该模型具有收敛时间短、带宽占用率低及高可用性的特点,能够实现云计算资源的动态负载均衡。     

石化企业云计算数据中心设计

随着中国石化建设世界一流能源化工公司的重大决策的制定,建设"世界一流信息化能力"的信息化战略目标提出,企业IT管理的标准化、内部控制的流程化,现有的烟囱式IT基础设施架构已不能满足按需分配资源需求。云计算的广泛实践为企业数据中心建设提供了技术基础。本文应用基础设施即服务(IaaS)架构对企业数据中心进行设计,对计算、存储、网络、安全等资源池进行了详细设计,并在企业进行了实施。本文提出的云计算数据中心可以为今后一个时期的石化企业信息化应用奠定基础。     

基于逐跳计算的分布式负载均衡算法

网络中流量的不断增长容易导致流量不均衡、网络拥塞,进而影响用户的体验。因特网服务提供商（ISP）通常采用优化开放最短路径优先（OSPF）权值（OPW）算法应对网络拥塞,然而该算法存在三个方面的问题：1）需要实际流量矩阵;2）容易导致网络震荡;3）OPW已经被证实为NP难题,并且需要采用集中式方法求解。针对OPW算法存在的问题,提出了一种基于逐跳计算的分布式负载均衡算法（DLBH）。首先,为所有节点设置虚拟流量;然后,根据虚拟流量计算所有链路的代价;最后,采用分布式算法计算最优路由。DLBH采用分布式方法解决网络拥塞问题,而OPW只能采用集中式方法解决网络拥塞问题,因此DLBH的扩展性优于OPW的扩展性。理论分析表明,DLBH的时间复杂度远远小于OPW的时间复杂度。实验结果表明,DLBH的最大链路利用率明显低于OPW算法的最大链路利用率,大幅降低了网络拥塞。     

A hybrid policy for fault tolerant load balancing in grid computing environments

Due to the emergence of grid computing over the Internet, there is a need for a hybrid load balancing algorithm which takes into account the various characteristics of the grid computing environment. Hence, this research proposes a fault tolerant hybrid load balancing strategy namely AlgHybrid_LB, which takes into account grid architecture, computer heterogeneity, communication delay, network bandwidth, resource availability, resource unpredictability and job characteristics. AlgHybrid_LB juxtaposes the strong points of neighbor-based and cluster based load balancing algorithms. Our main objective is to arrive at job assignments that could achieve minimum response time and optimal computing node utilization. Major achievements include low complexity of proposed approach and drastic reduction of number of additional communications induced due to load balancing. A simulation of the proposed approach using Grid Simulation Toolkit (GridSim) is conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs very well in a large grid environment.     

A secure re‐encryption scheme for data services in a cloud computing environment

Cloud computing as a promising technology and paradigm can provide various data services, such as data sharing and distribution, which allows users to derive benefits without the need for deep knowledge about them. However, the popular cloud data services also bring forth many new data security and privacy challenges. Cloud service provider untrusted, outsourced data security, hence collusion attacks from cloud service providers and data users become extremely challenging issues. To resolve these issues, we design the basic parts of secure re‐encryption scheme for data services in a cloud computing environment, and further propose an efficient and secure re‐encryption algorithm based on the EIGamal algorithm, to satisfy basic security requirements. The proposed scheme not only makes full use of the powerful processing ability of cloud computing but also can effectively ensure cloud data security. Extensive analysis shows that our proposed scheme is highly efficient and provably secure under existing security model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.