日志结构文件系统技术的研究

介绍了一种新的磁盘管理技术－日志结构文件系统，把对文件的修改汇成日志条目顺序地写入磁盘，既加速了写文件的速度，又加速了崩溃恢复的速度，把整个磁盘作为日志，磁盘上包含有效的读取日志结构文件所需的索引信息，为了保持快速写所需的大的磁盘空闲快，将磁盘分成段，用一个清理工线程收集压缩分散到各个段中的有效信息，以一个日志结构文件系统的原型，即Sprite LFS为例，对日志文件系统设计和实现的各个阶段进行了分析，并与Unix的文件系统，即快速文件系统（FFS）进行了比较。     

基于磁盘冗余空间的数据隐藏

为保护计算机磁盘上的敏感数据, 提出基于磁盘冗余空间的数据隐藏方法。该方法在分析磁盘分区策略和簇式文件系统的文件管理机制的基础上, 将分散的文件簇冗余空间有机组合以存储敏感数据, 并利用存储于分区策略冗余空间的数据结构来维护恢复原始数据所需数据。实验结果表明, 基于磁盘冗余空间的数据隐藏方法不占用文件系统有效空间, 具有隐蔽性高、系统开销小、隐藏容量与文件系统内部文件总量正相关, 以及抗干扰性易受到宿主文件稳定性影响等特点。此外, 当文件总量较大时, 隐藏容量将十分可观, 而通过选取稳定性强的文件作为宿主文件, 可提高该方法的抗干扰性。     

Linux下实时文件系统的设计

Linux下常见的十余种文件系统的实时性都不理想。针对归档存储数据的特点,提出一种实时文件系统设计方案,并且设计了一种按照时间点检索的检索算法。文件系统的设计以减少读写文件时的不确定延迟为目的,主要减少写时寻道时间,简化索引机制,简化空闲磁盘块管理。     

NTFS文件系统空间回收方法的研究

传统配置技术中配置容量往往得不到充分利用,并且已经分配的存储资源占用的存储空间即使被释放了也无法再次使用。为此,应用自动精简配置(TP)技术按需分配存储资源,解决存储资源的浪费问题。针对一般文件系统中空闲空间回收方法均需要占用额外的系统资源问题,提出SAN环境下基于NTFS文件系统簇位示图的空间智能回收方法。实验结果表明,NTFS文件系统的空间回收方法可有效回收空闲空间,当TP页大小设置在KB级时,回收效率可达90%以上,同时该方法推迟了容量预警和在线扩容的时间,提高了存储利用率。     

XENIX系统下文件系统的维护技巧

XENIX系统以其丰富的功能,良好的可移植性等优点得到了越来越广泛的应用。当XENIX系统下众多用户同时运行相同或不同的多个任务时,难免会发生各种冲突,为保证系统高效、安全的运行,就需要系统管理员实施有效的文件系统维护。其中包括:文件系统出现故障时及时修复,保持文件系统的空闲空间等。笔者已在本刊谈过XENIX系统故障修复技巧,这里不再赘述。下面仅谈谈保持文件系统的空闲空间技巧。     

对象存储设备端数据管理策略研究

在对象存储系统中,数据由智能化的对象存储设备管理.当前,对象存储设备端主要提供对象接口,传统的设计主要由通用文件I/O来封装.但是,通用文件系统在管理平坦命名空间时,尤其在长期使用后性能退化严重.因此,提出基于扩展Hash的对象文件系统XOBFS(extensible hashing object-based storage file system),将磁盘空间划分成多个区域单元,区域中定长块分配策略与位图管理空闲块方式结合;对象属性用扩展Hash管理,在Hash桶中采用相同对象属性相邻存放策略.XOBFS应用在对象存储设备端,具有元数据规模小、长期使用性能不退化、对属性进行有效管理等特点.测试结果表明,基于大对象的XOBFS的吞吐率优于传统文件系统.     

基于FAT的机顶盒PVR文件系统的研究

简要介绍了机顶盒PVR功能,分析了机顶盒PVR功能对文件系统提出的要求,具体阐述了FAT文件系统的原理,在此基础上重点讨论了FAT文件系统在用于多媒体大文件时所应进行的改进,并提出了一种基于FAT文件系统框架设计,利用位图来管理空闲区的机顶盒PVR文件系统.     

并行文件系统的关键技术与框架设计

论述并行文件系统的工作负载特征——基于空间和时间的文件访问模式，并对非连续数据访问技术进行比较研究；给出并行文件系统设计的原则与目标，最后提出并行文件系统的框架。     

AVL树在FAT文件系统中的应用与研究

FAT文件系统是一种适用于各种应用的优秀文件系统管理模式.通过深入分析FAT文件系统簇的组织管理模式,剖析其在实时性能上的不足之处,提出了利用AVL树来组织管理FAT文件系统内连续空闲块信息的新方法,并在此基础实现了文件读写等一系列优化算法.通过仿真测试,优化后的FAT文件系统在保持其兼容性的前提下,能有效地提高文件操作响应的实时性.     

点击IT术语

磁盘文件系统FAT16文件系统FAT（File Allocation Table）是“文件分配表”之意，FAT16使用16位文件分配表来管理硬盘文件，系统最多可管理216＝65536个簇（Cluster）。该文件系统从1982年开始就在MS-DOS中应用，支持DOS、Windows 3.X/9X/NT、OS/2等多种操作系统，每个簇的最大存储空间为32KB，每个分区的最大容量为32KB×65536＝2048MB，即分区的最大容量不能超过2GB。因为文件存取所占有的磁盘空间以簇为最小单位，所以在存取的小文件较多时，会非常浪费磁盘空间。FAT32文件系统在1997年微软公司推出Windows 95OSR2(又…     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).