全局孤立性和局部同质性图表示的随机游走显著目标检测算法

目前的显著性检测算法主要依赖像素间的相互对比,缺乏对显著目标自身特性的分析理解. 依据显著目标是显眼、紧凑和完整的思路,提出一种基于目标全局孤立性和局部同质性的 随机游走显著目标检测算法,将视觉显著性检测公式化为马尔科夫随机游走问题. 首先将输入图像进行分块,根据像素块之间颜色特征和方向特征的相似性确定边的权重, 从而构建图模型;然后通过全连通图搜索提取全局特性,突出全局较孤立的区域; 同时通过k-regular图搜索提取局部特性,增强局部较均匀的区域;最后将全局特性和局部 特性相结合得到显著图,进而确定感兴趣区域位置. 实验结果表明,相比于其他两种具有代表性的算法,所提方法检测结果更加准确、合理, 证明该算法切实可行.     

基于全局和局部信息融合的图像显著性检测

视觉注意机制是机器视觉的重要组成部分,受到越来越多的关注.文中提出一种基于全局和局部信息融合的图像显著性检测方法.模型首先对输入图像进行离散剪切波分解,得到尺度系数和剪切波系数.由于剪切波系数包含大部分图像细节信息,模型在每个分解层上对剪切波系数重构得到描述特征图.在特征图的基础上,一方面从全局的角度出发,使用所有特征图获取特征向量计算全局概率密度分布矩阵,进而构建全局显著图,另一方面从局部的角度出发,在每幅特征图上计算局部区域的熵值,进而构建局部显著图.最后对两幅显著图进行融合,得到综合显著图.实验结果验证该算法的有效性和可行性.     

结合深度学习和全局-局部特征的图像显著区域计算

为提高图像显著区域的检测效率,提出一种结合区域特征-全文信息的深度学习框架用于显著区域检测计算.首先提出基于前景的颜色独特性和紧凑性来突出显著前景区域;然后结合全局空间情景分布和局部信息之间的关系,提出全局上下文模型与局部精细检测模型来深度准确计算图像的显著特征;并提出循环结构网络对每个特征图进行位置加权,最后将每个块模型的输出以反馈方式连接到输入建立循环连接,通过反复迭代过滤噪声,减少背景信息的影响.将提出的算法在ECSSD,DUT-OMRON图像库中与其他算法进行对比测试,得出的实验结果均优于当前流行算法.     

基于全局和局部特征融合的显著性提取方法

显著性提取方法在图像处理、计算机视觉领域有着广泛的应用.然而,基于全局特征和基于局部特征的显著性区域提取算法存在各自的缺点,为此本文提出了一种融合全局和局部特征的显著性提取算法.首先,对图像进行不重叠地分块,当每个图像块经过主成分分析(Principle component analysis,PCA)映射到高维空间后,根据孤立的特征点对应显著性区域的规律得到基于全局特征的显著图;其次,根据邻域内中心块与其他块的颜色不相似性得到基于局部特征的显著图;最后,按照贝叶斯理论将这两个显著图融合为最终的显著图.在公认的三个图像数据库上的仿真实验验证了所提算法在显著性提取和目标分割上比其他先进算法更有效.     

基于HSV空间改进的多尺度显著性检测

图像显著性特征已被广泛地应用于图像分割、图像检索和图像压缩等领域,针对传统算法耗时较长,易受噪声影响等问题,提出了一种基于HSV色彩空间改进的多尺度显著性检测方法。该方法选择HSV色彩空间的色调、饱和度和亮度作为视觉特征,先通过高斯金字塔分解获得三种尺度的图像序列,然后使用改进的SR算法从三种尺度的图像序列中提出每个特征图,最后将这些特征图进行点对点的平方融合和线性融合。与其它算法的对比实验表明,该方法具有较好的检测效果和鲁棒性,能够较快速地检测出图像的显著性区域,能够突显整个显著性目标。     

多先验特征与综合对比度的图像显著性检测

目的 图像的显著性检测在计算机视觉中应用非常广泛,现有的方法通常在复杂背景区域下表现不佳,由于显著性检测的低层特征并不可靠,同时单一的特征也很难得到高质量的显著图。提出了一种通过增加特征的多样性来实现显著性检测的方法。方法 在高层先验知识的基础上,对背景先验特征和中心先验特征重新进行了定义,并考虑人眼视觉一般会对暖色调更为关注,从而加入颜色先验。另外在图像低层特征上使用目前较为流行的全局对比度和局部对比度特征,在特征融合时针对不同情况分别采取线性和非线性的一种新的融合策略,得到高质量的显著图。结果 在MSRA-1000和DUT-OMRON两个公开数据库进行对比验证,实验结果表明,基于多先验特征与综合对比度的图像显著性检测算法具有较高的查准率、召回率和F-measure值,相较于RBD算法均提高了1.5%以上,综合性能均优于目前的10种主流算法。结论 相较于基于低层特征和单一先验特征的算法,本文算法充分利用了图像信息,能在突出全局对比度的同时也保留较多的局部信息,达到均匀突出显著性区域的效果,有效地抑制复杂的背景区域,得到更加符合视觉感知的显著图。     

结合区域和边界信息的图像显著度检测

目的 图像显著度检测是许多图像应用的核心问题,为了能够在复杂背景下准确提取图像中前景对象的位置和尺度信息,提出一种结合区域和边界信息的图像显著度检测方法。方法 对于图像区域信息,提出一种基于图像等照度线的方法检测显著区域信息。该方法针对不同的特征(颜色、亮度和方向)提出统一的计算方法,使得不同特征下获得的显著信息具有一致的度量标准,从而方便后续多特征显著度图的融合。对于图像边界信息,采用一种结合多尺度Beltrami过滤器的全局方法检测显著边界信息。多尺度Beltrami过滤器可以显著增强图像中的边界信息。利用全局显著度检测方法对经过过滤器处理过的图像可以准确地获取图像中最为显著的边界信息。最后,由于区域和边界分别代表图像中的不同类型信息,可以直接采用线性融合方式构建最终的图像显著度图。结果 与其他9种流行图像显著度检测算法相比,本文算法无论在简单还是复杂背景下均能够较为准确地检测出图像中的显著度信息(Precision、Recall、F测试中获得的平均值为0.5905,0.6554,0.7470的最高测试结果)。结论 提出一种结合区域和边界信息的图像显著度检测算法,通过区域和边界信息相结合的方式实现图像中显著对象的准确检测。实验结果表明本文算法具有良好的适用性和鲁棒性,为图像中复杂背景下对象检测打下坚实基础。     

融合多特征与先验信息的显著性目标检测

目的 图像的显著性目标检测是计算机视觉领域的重要研究课题。针对现有显著性目标检测结果存在的纹理细节刻画不明显和边缘轮廓显示不完整的问题,提出一种融合多特征与先验信息的显著性目标检测方法,该方法能够高效而全面地获取图像中的显著性区域。方法 首先,提取图像感兴趣的点集,计算全局对比度图,利用贝叶斯方法融合凸包和全局对比度图获得对比度特征图。通过多尺度下的颜色直方图得到颜色空间图,根据信息熵定理计算最小信息熵,并将该尺度下的颜色空间图作为颜色特征图。通过反锐化掩模方法提高图像清晰度,利用局部二值算子（LBP）获得纹理特征图。然后,通过图形正则化（GR）和流行排序（MR）算法得到中心先验图和边缘先验图。最后,利用元胞自动机融合对比度特征图、颜色特征图、纹理特征图、中心先验图和边缘先验图获得初级显著图,再通过快速引导滤波器优化处理得到最终显著图。结果 在2个公开的数据集MSRA10K和ECSSD上验证本文算法并与12种具有开源代码的流行算法进行比较,实验结果表明,本文算法在准确率-召回率（PR）曲线、受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线、综合评价指标（F-measure）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和结构化度量指标（S-measure）等方面有显著提升,整体性能优于对比算法。结论 本文算法充分利用了图像的对比度特征、颜色特征、纹理特征,采用中心先验和边缘先验算法,在全面提取显著性区域的同时,能够较好地保留图像的纹理信息和细节信息,使得边缘轮廓更加完整,满足人眼的层次要求和细节要求,并具有一定的适用性。     

基于图割的低景深图像自动分割

结合图割算法,提出了一种针对低景深(Depth of field, DOF)图像的自动分割模型.首先,通过改进的点锐度算法得到图像的点锐度图, 并结合图像的颜色特征,得到一个四维的特征向量.其次, 通过对图像点锐度图强边缘的计算,利用图像清晰部分边缘较连续, 模糊部分边缘较弱、连续性较差的特点得到图像初步的前景/背景区域. 然后,对前景/背景的颜色和点锐度特征进行高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model, GMM)建模,结合全局、局部自适应的λ值,对图割算法的Shrinking bias 现象进行改善.最后,通过迭代的图割算法对前景/背景区域进行修正. 实验结果表明,该模型鲁棒性较高,分割结果更加精确.     

改进背景先验和前景先验的显著性检测

针对传统的流行排序显著性检测算法存在的问题,本文提出了改进背景先验和前景先验的显著性检测.首先计算图像的凸包,并将图像分割成不同尺度的超像素;然后以凸包区域之外的超像素为背景种子,结合多尺度下图像的多种底层特征得到最终的背景显著图;第三,以凸包区域之内的超像素为前景种子,结合多尺度下图像的多种底层特征得到最终的前景显著...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。