基于共轭梯度的布谷鸟搜索算法

布谷鸟搜索算法(Cuckoo Search,CS)是基于群体智能的新型随机全局优化算法,具有控制参数少、搜索路径优和全局寻优能力强等优点,但也存在局部搜索能力较弱、收敛速度偏慢和收敛精度不够高等缺点。为了克服CS算法的缺点,提出一种基于共轭梯度的布谷鸟搜索算法(CGCS),使经过Levy飞行机制和淘汰机制进化后的布谷鸟种群沿着相互共轭的方向迅速下降.从而在保持算法的强大全局寻优能力的基础上大幅提高算法的收敛能力。用4个典型测试函数分别对CGCS算法和CS算法进行性能测试,结果表明,CGCS算法比CS算法具有更快的收敛速度、更高的收敛精度和更稳定的优化结果。CGCS算法同时具有很强的全局寻优能力、收敛能力和鲁棒性,特别适合多峰及高维函数的优化。     

随机游走的布谷鸟搜索算法

布谷鸟搜索(Cuckoo Search,CS)算法是一种简单方便的仿生群优化算法。它虽然具有明显的优点,但在处理高维复杂问题时,不能收敛到最优解。针对算法后期收敛速度降低、易陷入局部最优的问题,本文在布谷鸟搜索算法中加入偏好随机游走机制,使得算法不容易陷入局部最优,还改变了发现概率pa的值来提高算法的各种性能。对单目标基准函数进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明,优化后的算法可以有效地提高布谷鸟算法的寻优能力。     

求解TSP问题的自适应离散型布谷鸟算法

对于求解的TSP问题,提出了一种自适应离散型布谷鸟算法（Adaptive Discrete Cuckoo Search,ADCS）。在基于布谷鸟搜索算法（Cuckoo Search,CS）的搜索原理下构造TSP问题的路径求解策略。针对离散型算法整体调整容易破坏已形成的较优路径和随着算法迭代数目增加导致种群多样性下降这两个缺陷,设计了一种针对路径的自适应型局部调整算子和全局随机扰动策略,采用了简单的2-opt优化算子作为局部优化算子以加快算法的收敛速度。最后采用多组不同规模的标准TSPLIB数据与其他的优化算法进行对比实验,结果表明ADCS算法在求解精度和稳定性方面具有优势。     

自适应动态邻域布谷鸟混合算法求解TSP问题

针对离散布谷鸟算法求解旅行商问题时邻域搜索效率低和易陷入局部最优解等问题,提出了一种自适应动态邻域布谷鸟混合算法（Adaptive Dynamic Neighborhood Hybrid Cuckoo Search algorithm,ADNHCS）。为了提升邻域搜索效率,设计了一种圆限定突变的动态邻域结构来降低经典算法的随机性;此外,提出了可根据迭代过程进行自适应参数调整的策略,并结合禁忌搜索算法来提升全局寻优的能力。使用MATLAB和标准TSPLIB数据库中的若干经典算例对算法性能进行了实验仿真,结果表明与其他基于布谷鸟算法、经典和新型群智能优化算法相比,ADNHCS算法在全局寻优能力以及稳定性方面表现更优。     

改进的布谷鸟搜索算法及其在多效蒸发优化中的应用

为了全面提升布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)的性能,提出了一种改进的布谷鸟搜索算法(MCS)。MCS算法采用了能大幅提高局部搜索能力的局部搜索策略、能使步长控制因子随算法进程由大到小自适应变化的自适应策略和能加强布谷鸟个体间信息交流的学习策略。2个标准测试函数被用于检验算法的性能,性能测试结果及对比试验表明,MCS算法在继承了CS算法强大的全局寻优能力的同时,具有更快的收敛速度、更高的收敛精度和更好的鲁棒性。最后,将MCS算法应用于求解多效蒸发系统的优化设计问题,优化效果显著。     

基于混沌序列的自适应步长的布谷鸟算法

布谷鸟算法(CS)是一种新的寻优算法,该算法存在局部搜索能力差,收敛速度慢,收敛精度不高等问题。布谷鸟初始位置的选择具有较强的随机性,通过在布谷鸟的初始位置引入混沌序列,在鸟窝更新时,步长的选择可以防止算法陷入局部最优,故建立基于混沌序列自适应步长的布谷鸟算法,通过测试函数进行比较该算法(ASBCS)优于布谷鸟算法(CS)。     

一种新的自适应布谷鸟搜索算法

为提高布谷鸟搜索(cuckoo search)算法(CS)的局部与全局搜索能力和收敛速度,提出了一种新的自适应布谷鸟算法。在该算法中,提出一种自适应参数控制策略来动态地调整CS中的步长因子,以增强CS的搜索性能。另外,把类似差分进化算法变异策略引入到CS中,以进一步提高CS的种群多样性。仿真实验表明,改进的CS算法的优化性能得到了明显改善。     

布谷鸟算法在无线传感器网络中的定位研究

无线传感器网络（Wireless sensor network,WSN）中的核心技术之一就是节点定位。不同的定位方法对定位结果有不同的影响。针对最小二乘法在求解未知节点位置过程中定位精度的不足,提出一种WSN节点定位算法——基于改进的布谷鸟搜索算法(Cuckoo search ,CS)的定位算法。首先根据优化目标建立数学模型,然后设计了布谷鸟搜索算法中的适应值函数,并修改步长和拒绝概率参数,快速确定未知节点坐标位置。数字仿真实验表明：与基于距离向量跳数的定位方法（Distance vector hop,DV-HOP),基于自适应的布谷鸟搜索和距离向量跳数的定位算法（Self-adaption cuckoo search and distance vector hop,SACSDV-HOP)进行比较,本文算法可以有效提高节点定位精度,降低定位误差,具有较高的实用性。     

交互式学习的布谷鸟搜索算法

针对布谷鸟搜索算法在求解旅行商问题时,存在初期信息缺乏严重和收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种交互式学习的布谷鸟搜索算法（Interactive Learning Cuckoo Search Algorithm,ILCSA）。为提高布谷鸟搜索算法的搜索效率,结合蚁群优化算法构建双层交互学习模型,将蚁群作为底层种群,布谷鸟作为高层种群,双种群互相学习,合作寻优,提高搜索速度;此外,在布谷鸟搜索算法中引入强化学习策略,自适应更新步长,并对发现概率进行动态调整,深度优化最优解,进一步提高解的质量。最后采用多组不同规模的标准TSPLIB算例与其他优化算法进行对比,结果表明ILCSA算法在求解精度和稳定性方面表现更优。     

一种小规模多种群布谷鸟算法

针对布谷鸟算法后期收敛速度慢、计算精度不高等不足提出一种小规模多种群改进方法。将这种方法运用在基本布谷鸟算法CS(Cuckoo Search)和自适应步长布谷鸟算法(ASCS)中,改进后的算法分别称为小规模多种群布谷鸟算法MPCS(Small-scale and multi-population cuckoo search algorithm)、小规模多种群自适应步长布谷鸟算法MPASCS(Small-scale and multi-population cuckoo search with self-adaptive step)。通过8个标准测试函数进行测试,实验结果表明改进后的算法比改进之前的算法有更快的收敛速度、更高的计算精度和收敛成功率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.