基于IFI与FUA的Pareto遗传算法

在适应值快速辨识算法和基于聚类排挤的外部种群快速替换算法的基础上,提出了搜索Pareto最优解集的快速遗传算法。在该算法中,IFI算法实现个体适应值的快速辨识,FUA维持种群多样度和Pareto最优解集的均匀分布性。采用FPGA算法对多种多目标0/1背包问题进行仿真优化,FPGA算法能够以较少的计算成本搜索到高精度、分布均匀、高质量的Pareto非劣解集,收敛速度和收敛准确性均优于强度Pareto进化算法(SPEA)。     

基于动态随机搜索和佳点集构造的改进粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群优化算法局部搜索能力不足和易出现早熟收敛的问题,提出一种基于动态随机搜索和佳点集构造的改进粒子群优化算法。该算法通过引入动态随机搜索技术,对种群当前最优位置进行局部搜索;采用佳点集构造对陷入早熟收敛的种群重新初始化;引入负梯度方向直线搜索来加速算法寻优。仿真实验结果表明,与标准粒子群优化(SPSO)算法和耗散粒子群优化(DPSO)算法比较, 提出的改进算法具有快速的收敛能力而且能有效地跳出局部最优, 优化性能得到明显提高。     

基于灰狼算法的改进研究

针对灰狼算法具有易陷于局部最优并且收敛速度不理想的缺点,本文提出基于改进收敛因子策略和引入动态权重策略以及两种策略混合改进的灰狼优化算法,并且用于求解函数优化问题。提出的一种非线性收敛因子公式,能够动态的调整算法的全局搜索能力,引入的动态权重使算法在收敛过程中能够加快算法的收敛速度。通过15个基准测试函数进行验证改进后的算法的全局搜索能力、局部搜索能力与收敛速度,实验结果表明:改进后的算法无论在搜索能力上还是收敛速度上,都强于标准灰狼算法。     

简化粒子群优化方法的改进研究

为了有效提高粒子群优化算法的收敛速度和搜索精度,增强算法跳出局部最优,寻得全局最优的能力,提出了一种改进的简化粒子群优化算法。该算法考虑了粒子惯性、个体经验和全局经验对于位置更新影响力的不同,改进了位置更新公式,克服了粒子群优化算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优的缺点。标准函数测试结果表明该改进算法的收敛速度和搜索精度有了很大的提高。     

一种采用蜂群全局引导搜索策略的入侵杂草优化改进算法

针对入侵杂草优化算法收敛速度较慢、易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了一种改进的入侵杂草优化算法。首先,采用反向学习初始化方法对种群进行初始化以提高其全局收敛速度;其次,利用改进蜂群算法中的全局引导搜索策略,对繁殖后的种子进行最优引导搜索以提高其跳出局部最优点的能力。最后,对不同维数的5个标准测试函数进行了仿真验证。试验结果表明:与GABC及标准IWO(Invasive Weed Optimization)算法相比较,该改进算法在函数优化方面具有较快的收敛速度和较强的跳出局部最优的能力。     

基于平衡搜索策略的多目标粒子群优化算法*

鉴于平衡全局和局部搜索在多目标粒子群优化算法获取完整均匀Pareto最优前沿方面的重要性,设计平衡全局和局部搜索策略,进而提出改进的多目标粒子群优化算法(bsMOPSO).文中策略在局部搜索方面设计归档集自挖掘子策略,通过对归档集中均匀分布的部分粒子进行柯西扰动,使归档集涵盖整个前沿面的局部搜索.在全局搜索方面设计边界最优粒子引导搜索子策略,以边界最优粒子替换部分粒子的全局最优解,引导粒子向各维目标的边界区域搜索.选取4种对比算法在ZDT和DTLZ系列的部分测试函数上进行实验,结果表明bsMOPSO具有更快的Pareto最优前沿收敛效率和更好的分布性.     

基于免疫的多目标优化遗传算法*

提出一种基于免疫的多目标优化遗传算法.该算法模仿生物免疫系统过程,使用克隆选择算子和高斯变异算子提高了搜索效率和收敛性;创建了一个记忆细胞集来保存每代所产生的Pareto最优解,以便产生Pareto最优解集;提出一种有别于传统聚类算法的邻近排挤算法对记忆细胞集进行不断的更新及删除,保证了Pareto最优解集的分布均匀性.最后将该算法与SPEA算法分别进行了仿真,通过比较两者的收敛性和分布性,得到前者优于后者的结论.     

引入佳点集和猴群翻过程的人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法存在早熟现象和搜索过程容易陷入局部最优的缺陷,提出一种引入佳点集和猴群翻过程的改进人工蜂群算法。首先利用佳点集方法构造均匀的初始种群,通过保持种群的多样性,在一定程度上避免早熟现象,加快算法的收敛速度。然后学习猴群算法的翻过程,在寻优过程中使种群的搜索区域进行转移,从而跳出局部最优,得到全局最优解。在经典测试函数和CEC05测试函数集上的实验结果表明,与标准人工蜂群算法以及其它改进算法相比,算法性能优越,具有很强的鲁棒性和快速收敛的能力,且有效避免陷入局部最优。     

多目标资源优化分配问题的Memetic 算法

针对传统算法求解多目标资源优化分配问题收敛慢、Pareto解不能有效分布在Pareto 前沿面的问题, 提出一种新的Memetic 算法. 在遗传算法的交叉算子中引入模拟退火算法, 加强了遗传算法的局部搜索能力, 加快了收敛速度. 为了使Pareto 最优解均匀分布在Pareto 前沿面, 在染色体编码中引入禁忌表, 增加了种群的多样性, 避免了传统遗传算法后期Pareto 解集过于集中的缺点. 通过与已有的遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群算法进行比较, 仿真实验表明了所提出算法的有效性, 并分析了禁忌表长度和模拟退火参数对算法收敛性的影响.

     

基于改进SPEA2算法的火力分配问题

火力分配是战前任务规划的重要环节。考虑攻击效果、资源等约束条件,以攻击效益最大,武器消耗最小,自身损伤最小原则建立了火力分配多目标数学模型。针对传统方法在求解火力分配多目标优化问题时存在收敛效果差以及Pareto前端分布不均匀等不足,将近邻传播算法引入到SPEA2算法中,改进了SPEA2算法的多样性保持策略,优化了算法性能。实验结果表明：改进的SPEA2算法在解决多目标火力分配问题时,相较于标准SPEA2算法,具有收敛效果好,Pareto前端分布均匀的特性。通过实验,验证了模型的合理性和算法的可行性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。