高精度星载点目标轨迹跟踪系统设计

一种高精度星载点目标轨迹跟踪系统,利用拟合点目标轨迹曲线的方法将点目标位置数据简化成多项式系数的数据包,由地面测控系统发送至星上遥感器指向控制单元。指向控制单元与时间管理单元解析数据包中时间参数与系数参数,控制指向镜机构进行运动,对点目标轨迹进行自主跟踪。此方法提高了跟踪系统的跟踪精度,减轻了目标跟踪时总线通信压力。经过试验验证,系统的跟踪精度远优于传统的目标跟踪方法,可进行推广使用。     

水下灵巧手指端力传感器及静态标定方法

指端力传感器是水下灵巧手实现复杂作业的关键,开展了基于圆筒结构的指端力传感器研究。由于指端力传感器的结构特点,采用通常六维力静态标定方法较困难,且精度无法保证。因此,提出基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的静态标定方法,对标定装置、标定过程设计进行了研究。以研制的指端力传感器为对象进行了静态标定试验。结果表明:使用基于RBF神经网络的静态标定方法有效地保证了传感器测试精度,可满足目前水下灵巧手研究要求。结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

交通监控场景下的相机标定与车辆速度测量

针对交通监控场景中对车辆速度测量的需求,提出了一种相机标定方法和车辆速度测量方案。首先,通过深度学习YOLO检测算法和光流跟踪算法对图像中的车辆目标进行检测和跟踪,根据获得的轨迹集合使用级联霍夫变换计算出道路方向上的消失点,从而检测出道路上的标志线。之后根据消失点和标志线,使用试探焦距思想完成相机标定任务。最后通过计算多帧之间瞬时速度的平均值来实现车辆速度的测量。通过真实交通监控场景的实验结果表明,这种基于消失点的自动相机标定方法具有较好的稳定性和较高的标定精度,能够满足车辆速度测量和实际工程应用的需求。     

基于粒子群遗传算法的BP神经网络摄像机标定

摄像机标定是从二维图像提取三维空间信息的关键步骤,标定的精度直接关系到三维重构结果的逼真程度。为了有效解决传统摄像机标定算法中的多参数、计算费时费力等问题,提高摄像机标定的精度和速度,将粒子群遗传算法（particle swarm optimization genetic algorithm,PSO-GA）应用于摄像机标定中。对参数进行粒子群算法优化后,再使用遗传算法中的选择、交叉和变异等操作进行参数优化,以实现粒子群算法与遗传算法的融合。结合后的算法全局搜索能力较强,收敛速度更快,优化能力与鲁棒性得以提高。同时,基于神经网络的摄像机标定方法所能覆盖的标定空间十分有限,提出了一种采用粒子群遗传算法优化BP神经网络的摄像机标定方法,以解决传统摄像机标定方法难以解决的问题。实验数据表明,基于粒子群遗传算法的BP神经网络标定是一种可行的方法,标定精度高,收敛速度快,泛化能力强。     

视线跟踪中基于虹膜识别的一次标定方法

为了简化头戴式视线跟踪系统中的标定过程,提出一种无需添加任何硬件的、基于虹膜识别的一次标定方法.使用者只需在第一次使用头戴式视线跟踪系统时进行标定,再次使用时,系统会自动进行虹膜识别,调出使用者第一次标定时的眼部图像数据来计算当前眼部图像与标定时的眼部图像的相对偏转角和偏移量,得到使用者当前的标定参数.实验结果表明,该方法可以在不影响系统原有精度的条件下,省去使用者每次使用视线跟踪系统时都需要进行的烦琐的标定过程,大大简化了系统的标定,降低了系统的使用复杂度.     

基于可拓聚类的极限学习机神经网络

针对极限学习机(ELM)算法随机选择输入层权值的问题,借鉴第2类型可拓神经网络(ENN-2)聚类的思想,提出了一种基于可拓聚类的ELM(EC-ELM)神经网络。该神经网络是以隐含层神经元的径向基中心向量作为输入层权值,采用可拓聚类算法动态调整隐含层节点数目和径向基中心,并根据所确定的输入层权值,利用Moore-Penrose广义逆快速完成输出层权值的求解。同时,对标准的Friedman#1回归数据集和Wine分类数据集进行测试,结果表明,EC-ELM提供了一种简便的神经网络结构和参数学习方法,并且比基于可拓理论的径向基函数(ERBF)、ELM神经网络具有更高的建模精度和更快的学习速度,为复杂过程的建模提供了新思路。     

一种基于手眼标定的增强现实跟踪注册方法

手眼标定是机器人领域常用的一种确定机器人末端坐标系和摄像机坐标系之间相互关系的标定方法。跟踪和定位是增强现实研究的热点,跟踪定位通常为复合跟踪系统,结合多传感器跟踪信息,优势互补,达到更高测量精度和准确度。跟踪注册是实现信息有效融合的基本前提。文章将机器人手眼标定引入多传感器跟踪注册,并通过实验验证了这种基于手眼标定的跟踪注册方法的有效性。     

基于三线结构光的相机平面标定方法研究

相机标定技术是结构光三维视觉测量的关键技术之一,结构光测量系统的相机标定的精度对三维测量的精度有很大影响;首先对三线结构光系统图的相机标定方法进行了分析,简单介绍了工业相机成像的几何模型及标定的原理;其次利用Harris角点检测方法提取特征点坐标,并选用了BP神经网络来校正工业相机的畸变模型,以提高标定算法的优化速度和标定精度;最后采用张正友的平面标定法对校正后的摄像机模型进行标定实验,由实验结果知,该方法具有一定的准确性和有效性,在一定误差范围内,基于神经网络畸变校正的张正友相机标定能够有效提高视觉检测的精度。     

基于ELM和核相关滤波器的自适应目标跟踪算法

针对传统的核相关滤波器(KCF)跟踪算法在目标快速运动、尺度变化和遮挡情况下通常会导致跟踪失败的问题,在传统的KCF算法的基础上引入极限学习机(ELM),提出一种基于ELM和KCF的自适应目标跟踪方法。根据过去时刻的目标位置信息,利用ELM预测出当前帧目标的可能位置;在该位置上以目标区域为基础进行多尺度目标图像特征采样,通过KCF确定目标的最终位置和最佳尺度;通过计算目标位置响应图的振荡程度来自适应地改变模型的更新速率。在36组公开视频序列上对所提算法与6种当前主流的相关滤波跟踪算法进行了实验,所提算法取得了最好的跟踪精度和成功率,能够有效处理目标遮挡、快速运动和尺度变化等问题,具有较为重要的理论研究和应用价值。     

卷积神经网络在心电逆问题中的应用

基于横跨膜电位分布的心电逆问题研究,即从身体表面电位无创重建心脏跨膜电位,可视为一种多输入多输出的回归问题（亦即多个体表电位分布输入重构多个心脏跨膜电位分布输出）,而基于数据驱动的机器学习模型是解决回归问题的一种有效手段。通过使用深度卷动神经网络（CNN）构建深度学习模型,使用Caffe框架训练神经网络;此外,基于真实的心脏模型,使用ECGSim软件仿真了肯特束综合症心室激活情况的数据,用于训练和测试回归模型。实验结果表明,与极限学习机（ELM）和核化的极限学习机相比,CNN方法在心脏跨膜电位重构方面有更高的精度和泛化性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.