ISOCS无源刻度软件在准直器屏蔽厚度设计中的应用

准直器设计不仅需要考虑准直器的空间分辨率、灵敏度等因素,而且需要考虑准直器屏蔽厚度对"阴影区"的影响。建立了一种准直器屏蔽厚度的优化设计方法,该方法使用ISOCS无源刻度软件计算了探测器在佩带张角30,°屏蔽厚度分别为5、10、15 cm的准直器的角响应曲线和对无穷大面源在不同角度范围内计数率贡献的百分比。结果表明,当准直器屏蔽厚度为5 cm时,方位角90°处γ射线仍然对探测器存在计数率贡献;准直器屏蔽厚度为15 cm时,探测器视野范围可得到有效控制。该方法不仅可以为准直器屏蔽厚度设计提供依据,同时可以作为准直器探测器的效率刻度和不确定度评定的参考。     

简易中子防护准直器的研制和性能

前言在用快中子治疗恶性肿瘤时,为了使中子束流集中轰击人体的肿瘤部位而尽可能不伤害健康组织,一般需要使用中子束准直器~([1])。准直器由准直孔引出照射肿瘤部位的有用中子束,由屏蔽层减弱和吸收其他非准直孔方向来的中子。在一定源强下,为提高有用中子束强度,就要求准直孔不能太长,即限制了屏蔽层沿准直孔方向的厚度;为达到屏蔽效果,就需选用宏观分出截面尽可能大的屏蔽材料。另外,还希望从准直孔方向引出的有用中子束中的低能成分尽可能地小,即具有较好的单色     

热中子照相装置屏蔽的蒙特卡罗模拟

中子照相装置的屏蔽对降低反应堆大厅本底及提高中子照相质量具有重要意义。使用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,对热中子照相装置各组成部分的屏蔽进行模拟计算。结果表明：在照相装置的准直器部分使用厚130cm、密度4.6t/m3的重混凝土,飞行管部分使用厚75cm、密度3.6t/m3的重混凝土可保证屏蔽外的辐射当量剂量达到反应堆大厅的监督区要求。     

放射性废物桶γ检测探测器准直器模拟设计

介绍了在放射性废物桶γ检测中基于MC模拟的阵列探测器准直器的设计。利用MCNP程序建立探测系统模型,计算了在圆形、方形、菱形准直孔,以及铅、钨、不锈钢准直材料条件下,碲锌镉探测器对体源和点源的探测效率,分析了准直器形状和材料对探测效率的影响。结果表明:相比方形和菱形准直孔,圆形准直孔的探测效率相对较高;相比铅和钨,不锈钢准直时出现多路射线干扰,且铅和钨的准直效果相当。     

大型客体辐射成像系统散射影响和后准直器屏蔽效果分析

本文基于⁶⁰Co大型客体辐射成像系统,分析了在穿透不同位置和不同厚度的钢板时散射粒子的数量和能量的分布情况、散射的扩散效应以及不同厚度和不同宽度的后准直器对散射粒子的屏蔽效果。分析结果表明,在水平方向上,绝大部分散射粒子来自于物体出射面上初始射线束覆盖区域,这将限制后准直器的屏蔽效果;当钢板距离探测器阵列的间距缩小至安全行车的极限间距500 mm时,200 mm厚、5 mm宽的铁后准直器可屏蔽约39.74%的散射粒子,而当间距增大到1 750 mm以上时,后准直器反而会增加散射粒子数量,无法起到屏蔽作用。     

降低闪烁探测系统中子灵敏度的方法初探

针对脉冲辐射场高强度裂变中子测量的特点,设计了降低灵敏度的狭缝闪烁探测系统,初步研究了系统的2.5MeV中子灵敏度。实验结果表明：由狭缝屏蔽准直器和闪烁探测器组成的新型狭缝闪烁探测系统,可使传统的直照探测模式的下限灵敏度降低一个量级,拓宽了闪烁探测器在脉冲辐射场中子测量中的应用。     

嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪磁屏蔽设计与模拟计算

介绍了嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪准直器磁屏蔽设计的基本思路,通过磁场点测实验得到了谱仪准直器的真实磁场分布,并且根据实验结果对谱仪准值器的磁屏蔽效果进行了模拟计算,由模拟结果可知该准直器对电子能起到较好的屏蔽作用.     

探伤加速器可调准直器的设计

本文基于6 MeV探伤加速器设计了照射野可调准直器,其主要由4个具有2自由度的准直块首尾交错布置而成,准直块采用厚43 mm的钨镍铁对无用X射线进行屏蔽。通过控制准直块纵向和横向驱动电机实现准直器开口自动调节,从而实现X射线照射野的自动调节,以满足工业探伤和工业CT对X射线源不同照射野的需求。准直块采用交错式设计实现了准直块排布在同一平面,使准直器结构紧凑,并有效减小了X射线的漏射。     

探伤加速器可调准直器的设计

本文基于6 MeV探伤加速器设计了照射野可调准直器,其主要由4个具有2自由度的准直块首尾交错布置而成,准直块采用厚43 mm的钨镍铁对无用X射线进行屏蔽。通过控制准直块纵向和横向驱动电机实现准直器开口自动调节,从而实现X射线照射野的自动调节,以满足工业探伤和工业CT对X射线源不同照射野的需求。准直块采用交错式设计实现了准直块排布在同一平面,使准直器结构紧凑,并有效减小了X射线的漏射。     

用于固体放射性废物无损定量测量的TGS图象重构技术

本文介绍了用于固体放射性废物无损测量的TGS图象重构技术的原理和技术,对TGS装置的准直器材料、屏蔽层厚度、准直孔的形状及其长／宽比的设计,以及对测量的效率矩阵的获取等关键问题进行了讨论。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.