中子辐射损伤等效性研究进展

为建立不同辐射源损伤评价的统一标准,制定武器抗中子辐射性能考核及验收的依据,国内外确定了中子辐射损伤等效标准源,开展了大量的等效性研究工作。本文从位移损伤函数、辐射源能谱以及二者的结合关系方面梳理了理论研究进展。从基本实验方法、效应参数及场量参数的控制趋势方面总结了实验研究进展。探讨了降低实验不确定度的方法,展望了辐射损伤等效性研究工作的方向。     

基于晶体三极管的不同中子能谱等效性实验研究

辐射损伤等效性系数是评价不同中子能谱对样品的实验损伤差异的关键。利用晶体管直流增益的倒数与中子注量呈线性关系这一特点,采用参数一致性好的硅双极晶体管3DG121C作为位移损伤探测器,通过在线监测晶体管直流增益随累积中子注量的变化,分别获得了CFBR-II堆两个特定位置的损伤常数,推导出了不同中子能谱间的辐射损伤等效系数。结果表明,CFBR-II不同位置的辐射损伤没有显著差异。     

利用TDPAC方法研究电子对金属的辐射损伤

核辐射能使固体晶格损伤,引起其电磁学、光学及力学参量的改变。在某些金属表面通过带电粒子辐射或离子注入,可提高材料的抗腐蚀性能、抗氧化性能和耐磨性能。一些半导体材料,通过重离子或中子辐射,可产生一种新的杂质元素,这种方法成为制备半导体器件的新工艺。所以对辐射损伤及其变性的机理研究很有价值。现在国际上正采用各种方法,如扰动角关联、电子显微镜、沟道效应、穆斯堡尔效应、中子散射及正电子湮没等方法,企图从不同的侧面来揭示辐射损伤的微观特性。     

SOI器件瞬时剂量率效应的激光模拟技术研究

为验证激光模拟技术用于半导体SOI器件瞬时剂量率效应研究的可行性,对其优势和主要原理进行了分析。利用0.13 μm SOI MOS器件单管测试芯片进行了激光辐射实验,获得了不同尺寸器件辐射所激发的瞬时光电流与激光入射能量的关系曲线,并计算得到了线性拟合后的光电流表达式。通过激光实验数据与器件TCAD仿真结果的对比,获得了本文实验条件下的辐射剂量率 激光能量模拟等效关系。结果表明,激光模拟技术可用于半导体SOI器件瞬时剂量率效应研究。     

Geant4在中子辐射效应中的应用

中子辐射效应是半导体器件在辐射环境中损伤的重要因素。本文建立了中子在半导体材料中的电离和非电离能量沉积、原子空位密度的Geant4模拟方法。电离能量沉积可用于分析电离总剂量效应,非电离能量沉积可用于分析位移损伤效应。电离kerma因子的模拟结果定量解释了中子辐照在CMOS工艺单片机中引起的电离增强效应。通过原子空位密度计算了中子引入的附加陷阱密度,分析了位移损伤对电离效应的增强作用。实验和模拟结果表明,中子的电离能量沉积加剧了CMOS工艺单片机的退化。     

14MeV中子引发SRAM器件单粒子效应实验研究

在中国原子能科学研究院的高压倍加器装置上开展了SRAM器件的14 MeV中子单粒子效应实验研究。介绍了中子的产生、中子注量率的测量和调节以及中子单粒子效应的测试等的实验方法,获得了HM628512BLP型和R1LV1616HSA型SRAM器件的14 MeV中子单粒子效应截面。前者与文献的单粒子效应截面在误差范围内一致,验证了实验方法的科学性和可行性。后者与由效应机制出发获得的理论分析结果在量级上一致,对实验结果给出了定性的解释。     

基于三极管的CFBR-Ⅱ堆辐射损伤常数测定

为获取CFBR-II堆与其他装置建立辐射损伤等效系数的实验依据,在CFBR-II堆稳态工况下开展典型三极管的辐射损伤常数测定工作。结果表明,硅三极管的辐射损伤常数在4×10-16～6×10-16 cm2之间;对于直流增益与中子注量的线性关系的适用范围,集电极注入电流可以拓展到300 mA。     

DNA甲基化在钚辐射损伤机制中的研究进展

常规辐射流行病学在评价低剂量辐射生物效应方面存在一定的局限性，利用分子生物学方法研究辐射人群远后健康效应是目前辐射流行病学研究的主要趋势。本文对DNA甲基化、生物学意义、应用及其与电离辐射的关系进行综述，介绍了其在钚辐射损伤中的机制。从DNA甲基化方面对辐射致癌流行病学进展进行研究，为我国钚接触人群的流行病学研究提供思路和借鉴。     

超深亚微米SOINMOSFET中子辐照效应数值模拟

考虑3种特征尺寸的超深亚微米SOINMOSFET的中子辐照效应。分析了中子位移辐照损伤机理,数值模拟了3种器件输出特性曲线随能量为1MeV的等效中子在不同辐照注量下的变化关系及中子辐照环境下器件工艺参数对超深亚微米SOINMOSFET的影响。数值模拟部分结果与反应堆中子辐照实验结果一致。     

集成运算放大器的中子辐照损伤效应研究

论文针对双极型运算放大器的中子辐照损伤效应开展实验与理论研究。从双极型器件的中子辐照损伤机理出发,考虑器件电流增益随中子注量的退化,对集成运放的偏置电流、开环增益、共模抑制比与电源抑制比等敏感参数展开试验与理论研究。基于中子辐照损伤系数,针对集成运放中敏感参数随中子注量的退化进行仿真研究,并通过电路敏感性分析明确运放中子辐照损伤的敏感器件与敏感单元。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.