热核距离下的3D对称图形匹配算法

对称混淆问题一直是图形匹配的难点之一,其中,特征点选取、对称点检测、初始匹配对最终匹配结果影响很大.针对此问题提出了一种基于热核的3D对称图形匹配算法.在前期工作基础上,考虑测地线在对称图形检测中的不足,提出一种以热核信号(HKS)为工具的算法.首先将HKS采样和最远点采样结合并融合采样,获得分布稳定且具有代表性的特征点;其次用HKS进行特征点分类实现对称点的准确检测;然后再利用基于热核的一点匹配算法进行初始匹配,以提高正确率;最后利用LS_MDS算法将图形嵌入到欧氏空间并投影到2D平面,根据投影中顶点的法向以及网格上的曲率信息,标定图形方向,最终完成对称匹配.在TOSCA数据库上进行数值实验,并将文中算法与已有的经典算法进行比较,结果表明,该算法不仅提高了匹配准确率,而且适用于较特殊的对称混淆问题,如大猩猩对称图形的匹配问题.     

基于拟Laplacian谱和点对拓扑特征的点模式匹配算法

针对谱匹配方法对噪声和出格点的鲁棒性较差的问题,提出了一种基于拟Laplacian谱和点对拓扑特征的点模式匹配算法。首先,用赋权图的最小生成树构造无符号Laplacian矩阵,通过对矩阵谱分解得到的特征值和特征向量表示点的特征,进而计算点的初始匹配概率;其次,利用点对拓扑特征的相似性测度来定义点对间的局部相容性,然后借助概率松弛的方法更新由拟Laplacian谱得到的匹配概率,得出匹配结果。对比实验结果表明,该方法在处理存在噪声和出格点的点集匹配上具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于自注意力机制的点云分类分割

3D点云由于其无序性以及缺少拓扑信息使得点云的分类与分割仍具有挑战性.针对上述问题,我们设计了一种基于自注意力机制的3D点云分类算法,可学习点云的特征信息,用于目标分类与分割.首先,设计适用于点云的自注意力模块,用于点云的特征提取.通过构建领域图来加强输入嵌入,使用自注意力机制进行局部特征的提取与聚合.最后,通过多层感知机以及解码器-编码器的方式将局部特征进行结合,实现3D点云的分类与分割.该方法考虑了输入嵌入时单个点在点云中的局部语境信息,构建局部长距离下的网络结构,最终得到的结果更具区分度.在ShapeNetPart、RoofN3D等数据集上的实验证实所提方法的分类与分割性能较优.     

异构图形数据的近似语义匹配技术研究

以流程工厂协同设计应用为背景,提出基于允许误差的最大语义图匹配（MSMGE）算法的异构图形数据近似语义匹配模型。利用类无向图来描述2D和3D异构图形数据的工程属性和拓扑关系,消除了图形信息的异构性,并建立各种类实体的属性标签词典来消除2D和3D属性信息的异构性,用语义表达式来表示类无向图顶点和边的语义关系,将异构图形匹配转化为近似语义图匹配。通过基于工程语义对类无向图进行语义分割和基于最大公共序列算法的语义表达式比较、语义规整和语义裁剪等方法,降低了匹配搜索空间,提高了近似语义图匹配效率,实现了近似语义图匹配判断。该研究已经在流程工厂设计软件中得到较好地应用。     

基于ORB-SLAM3的改进型特征匹配与稠密建图算法

针对传统ORB算法存在提取的特征点极易堆积在纹理丰富的区域及误匹配率高等而导致无法满足高精度定位要求,以及ORB-SLAM3系统无法构建稠密地图的问题,提出一种基于ORB-SLAM3的改进型ORB-GMS特征匹配方法,并增加稠密建图线程来实现稠密地图的构建。首先,在特征点提取过程中引入四叉树策略,将图像帧分为若干个网格,并在每个网格中提取最优特征点;然后,在特征匹配过程中将运动平滑约束转换为剔除错误匹配的统计量,通过比较匹配对邻域内的匹配对数量和阈值来快速筛选正确匹配;最后,完成位姿估计并根据关键帧与相应位姿完成稠密点云地图的构建。采用TUM的RGB-D数据集进行实验,改进算法提取的特征点相较传统ORB算法分布更加均匀,匹配数比ORB-SLAM3增加64.5%,比GMS算法增加4.7%,匹配耗时比ORB-SLAM3减少20.4%,比GMS算法减少94.6%,从而验证了改进算法在特征点提取与匹配方面的优越性,并且相较于ORB-SLAM3,改进算法的定位精度提高了3.75%,从而验证了其在总体上提高定位精度,进而实现稠密建图的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于细节点全局置信度的指纹匹配算法

传统基于细节点的指纹匹配方法通常利用细节点的局部结构相似度来描述一组细节点对之间的匹配程度.提出细节点的全局置信度概念,描述一组细节点对在全局范围内与其他细节点对之间的空间一致性和整体匹配可能性,可看作是对局部相似度的一个有效补充.通过计算点对相容性矩阵的主特征向量,借助谱松弛技术,可得到所有细节点对的全局置信度.结合局部相似度和全局置信度可构造出新的关联矩阵,那些具有较大的局部相似度和较大的全局置信度的候选细节点对被认定是匹配的.该方法较好地利用局部拓扑信息和全局相容信息,对非刚性形变和噪声具有较好的鲁棒性.在FVC2002和FVC2004数据库上的实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的效率和准确性.     

基于特征矩阵相似性度量的形状对应性分析

针对快速、高效的三维模型形状分析与匹配技术的迫切需求,提出了融合内蕴热核特征与局部体积特征的三维模型对应形状分析方法。首先,通过拉普拉斯映射以及热核分布提取模型的内蕴形状特征;其次,结合模型热核特征的稳定性与局部空间体积的显著性,建立特征匹配矩阵;最后,通过特征矩阵相似性度量及最短路径搜索实现模型的配准与形状匹配分析。实验结果表明,融合热核距离以及局部体积约束的形状分析方法不仅有效地提高了模型匹配的效率,而且能够有效地识别同一类模型的结构特征,可以应用于进一步实现多组模型的协同分割与模型检索。     

匹配图像与3维模型特征点的真实感3维头重建

提出并实现一种基于两张正交图像和一个标准3维头模型,并利用2D图像特征点和3D模型特征点的匹配进行3维头模型重建的算法。首先,进行面部区域和头发区域的分割,利用色彩传递对输入图像进行颜色处理。对正面图像利用改进后的ASM（主动形状模型）模型进行特征点定位。改进局部最大曲率跟踪(LMCT)方法,更为鲁棒的定位了侧面特征点。在匹配图像特征点与标准3维头上预先定义的特征点的基础上,利用径向基函数进行标准头形变,获得特定人的3维头部形状模型。采用重建好的3维头作为桥梁,自动匹配输入图像,进行无缝纹理融合。最后,将所得纹理映射到形状模型上,获得对应输入图像的特定真实感3维头模型。     

一种用于智能车环境探测的立体视觉传感器

设计了应用于户外智能车环境感知的立体视觉系统,并提出了两种立体匹配算法,分别实现不同的功能.基于多特征提取的稀疏匹配算法首先通过图像局部增强处理减弱光照和场景变化的影响,然后在对极线引导和连续性约束下提取立体图像的角点特征和边缘特征进行匹配,能够实时探测环境的三维概貌,并突出环境中的障碍物信息,实现辅助车辆自主导航的功能;基于特征引导的稠密匹配算法采用了最小割/最大流算法,并利用多特征匹配的结果来剔除稠密匹配中的成块误匹配,能够重建出未知环境详细的三维信息,实现三维可视化功能.最后通过试验验证了两种算法的有效性.     

非特征点双目测距技术研究

提出了一种局部稠密匹配与人工干预相结合的测距方案,利用非特征点与特征点的位置关系,构建“最小矩形”以缩小匹配范围,再应用NCC（归一化互相关）算法对非特征点进行稠密立体匹配,最后根据双目测距原理直接获取非特征点的距离信息。该方法能任意选取图像上的非特征点进行实时距离测量,具有精度高、速度快和操作性强等优点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.