基于高斯金字塔和拉普拉斯金字塔融合的图像对比度增强算法研究

为了实现对图像的降噪,兼顾全局整体增强和局部细节增强,首先定义输入图像的对比度度量模型和亮度度量模型,然后构造标量权重映射,并进行归一化处理,接着综合利用高斯金字塔和拉普拉斯金字塔,制定融合规则,利用融合金字塔重构图像,实现图像增强。     

多尺度细节融合的多曝光高动态图像重建

同一场景不同曝光的图像序列,常出现曝光不足或曝光过度的区域,造成高亮或阴暗处的细节损失。针对这一问题,提出的多尺度细节融合的多曝光高动态图像重建方法,根据图像的对比度、饱和度、适度曝光量等三个测度因子生成原始多曝光图像的权重图,对分解的权重高斯金字塔进行Dirichlet函数映射,保证信息丰富区域权值最大,通过拉普拉斯金字塔重建,使得融合图像所包含的细节信息最大化并且最大限度地减少失真。     

一种改进的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法

传统的低动态范围显示设备不能很好地表现高动态范围图像信息,针对这一问题,提出一种基于引导滤波的Retinex多尺度分解色调映射算法。该算法使用引导滤波对光照信息进行估计,将高动态范围图像的亮度分为光照层和反射层;然后对反射层分量进行多尺度分解,得到一系列细节层和一个基本层,将细节层和基本层进行合并和色彩还原;最后得到色调映射后的图像。实验结果表明,该算法可以较好地还原真实场景信息,映射后图像的细节和对比度较好,色彩鲜艳。     

基于曝光融合的单幅图像去雾算法

针对雾霾等恶劣天气导致户外图像降质的问题,设计了一种简单、高效的图像去雾算法。首先通过空域高通滤波对降质图像进行处理,达到压制低频分量、增强图像边缘细节的目的;然后,对滤波后的图像进行空间线性对比度拉伸,增强图像的对比度;最后通过拉普拉斯金字塔的多曝光图像融合方法,将滤波结果与对比度拉伸结果进行融合,得到最终的去雾图像。实验结果表明,所提算法实时性较高,对雾霾、沙尘、水下等降质图像均有较好的增强效果。     

基于曝光融合的单幅图像去雾算法

针对雾霾等恶劣天气导致户外图像降质的问题,设计了一种简单、高效的图像去雾算法。首先通过空域高通滤波对降质图像进行处理,达到压制低频分量、增强图像边缘细节的目的;然后,对滤波后的图像进行空间线性对比度拉伸,增强图像的对比度;最后通过拉普拉斯金字塔的多曝光图像融合方法,将滤波结果与对比度拉伸结果进行融合,得到最终的去雾图像。实验结果表明,所提算法实时性较高,对雾霾、沙尘、水下等降质图像均有较好的增强效果。     

宏微观信息增强与色彩校正的高效色调映射

目的 色调映射是一种在保持视觉效果基本不变的前提下将高动态范围图像映射到常规低动态显示设备上进行显示的技术。针对现有方法存在细节模糊、边缘光晕及色彩失真等不足,提出一种宏微观信息增强与色彩校正的色调映射新方法。方法 将给定的高动态范围图像映射到HSV(hue, saturation, value)颜色空间,分离亮度信息与色彩信息。基于人类视觉感知机制,在亮度通道构建宏观一致性和微观显著性的亮度感知压缩模型,并进一步通过调节模型缩放因子消除边缘光晕现象。基于颜色恒常性原理,在色度通道构建自适应饱和度偏移模型,融合亮度压缩信息调整图像的饱和度信息,解决色调映射所造成的主观色彩失真问题。结果 实验结果表明,所提算法在结构保真度、自然度和色调映射质量指数等客观评价方面均优于对比色调映射算法,同时主观平均意见值也取得了最高的4.3分（即好—非常好）。结论 宏微观信息增强的亮度感知压缩模型,在确保场景亮度信息不变的情况下,可以有效增强图像纹理细节的完整性和保真性。融合亮度压缩的饱和度偏移模型可以有效解决亮度压缩导致的图像色彩失真等问题。该色调映射算法效率高、通用性强,可广泛应用于图像压缩、生物医学...     

基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的医学 X 射线图像对比度增强算法

医学 X 射线图像是临床上应用最广泛的影像之一。由于需要采用低剂量的 X 射线进行成像,而 X 射线 图像存在一个本质的缺陷,就是低对比度。所以,在临床应用中,往往需要对图像对比度进行增强处理。根据 X 射线图像特性,文章提出了基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的 X 射线图像对比度增强算法。首 先,采用拉普拉斯高斯金字塔变换把图像分解成高频和低频的不同尺度子波段图像;然后对每塔层高频子图像应 用对比度带限的自适应直方图均衡进行处理,相应的各塔层低通子图像使用数学形态学进行增强处理;最后,各 塔层经过增强处理的高频和低频系数,通过拉普拉斯高斯金字塔的逆变换重构出对比度增强的图像。增强图像再 经全局非线性算子进行对比度的增益调整,获得自然的视觉效果。实验结果表明该算法有效地增强了医学 X 射线 图像的对比度,并通过图像对比度评价标准和对比度改进索引度量算法来分析及对比了算法的性能。     

基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的医学X射线图像对比度增强算法

医学X射线图像是临床上应用最广泛的影像之一。由于需要采用低剂量的X射线进行成像,而X射线图像存在一个本质的缺陷,就是低对比度。所以,在临床应用中,往往需要对图像对比度进行增强处理。根据X射线图像特性,文章提出了基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的X射线图像对比度增强算法。首先,采用拉普拉斯高斯金字塔变换把图像分解成高频和低频的不同尺度子波段图像;然后对每塔层高频子图像应用对比度带限的自适应直方图均衡进行处理,相应的各塔层低通子图像使用数学形态学进行增强处理;最后,各塔层经过增强处理的高频和低频系数,通过拉普拉斯高斯金字塔的逆变换重构出对比度增强的图像。增强图像再经全局非线性算子进行对比度的增益调整,获得自然的视觉效果。实验结果表明该算法有效地增强了医学X射线图像的对比度,并通过图像对比度评价标准和对比度改进索引度量算法来分析及对比了算法的性能。     

基于图像特征的色调映射方法评价体系

为解决高动态范围图像在传统显示设备中准确显示的问题,将模糊的视觉注意机制转化为确定的特征点个数,提出一种基于图像特征的评价体系,以判别色调映射方法所得结果图像是否保持特征信息。针对图像进行对比度调整,将场景亮度变换到可以显示的范围,同时保持细节与颜色等对于表现原始场景的重要信息。对7种色调映射全局方法,即Logarithmic TMO,Exponential TMO,TumblinRushmeier TMO,Schlick TMO,Ferwerda TMO,Ward Hist Adj TM O,Drago TM O进行比较分析,得出Ward Hist Adj TM O色调映射的整体效果最优。     

基于多尺度分解的色调映射算法

针对高动态范围(HDR)图像显示于普通显示设备的问题,提出一种新的基于多尺度分解的色调映射(TM)算法。首先利用局部边缘保留(LEP)滤波器对HDR图像进行多尺度分解,有效平滑了图像的细节同时保留了突出的边缘;根据分解后各层的特点和压缩的要求,提出一个带参数的动态范围压缩函数,通过变化参数以便压缩图像的粗尺度层并增强细尺度层,从而压缩图像的动态范围并增强细节;最后重组各层并恢复颜色,所得到的映射后图像具有良好的视觉效果。实验结果证明,该方法在自然度、结构保真度和整体的质量评价上都要优于Gu等(GU B,LI W J,ZHU M Y,et al.Local edge-preserving multiscale decomposition for high dynamic range image tone mapping[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2013,22(1):70-79)和Yeganeh等(YEGANEH H,WANG Z.Objective quality assessment of tone-mapped images[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2013,22(2):657-667)提出的方法,同时也避免了局部色调映射算法所普遍存在的光晕效应。该算法可以用于HDR图像的色调映射。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.