基于改进REI等值法的网架调整限流策略

为了提高传统全网遍历限流方案的求解效率,面对大规模电力系统,给出一种基于改进REI等值法的网架调整限流策略。将网络等值技术与500 k V网架调整限流机理相结合,根据支路限流灵敏度指标对原系统进行一次预处理,将其划分为研究系统和若干外部子系统。再利用改进的动态REI等值法对各子系统进行化简,以等值过程中各发电机在虚拟支路上的功率传输因子来确定等值发电机的参数。通过在两个算例上的仿真验证,结果表明改进后的REI等值法能够较好地保留原系统的动态特性,同时迅速筛选出最优限流开断线路方案。     

Power system restoration by joint usage of expert system and mathematical programming approach

When electric power supply interruption is caused by a fault, it is imperative to restore the power system promptly to an optimal target configuration after the fault. The problem of obtaining a target system is referred to as power system restoration. Both mathematical programming (MP) and expert systems (ES) have been used to solve restoration problems. However, existing approaches based on either MP and ES alone have inherent limitations stemming from their own paradigms. Mathematical progressing can obtain an optimal configuration under specified operational constraints, but requires a relatively long solution time. Although ES are effective in that they can utilize expert knowledge, maintenance of large-scale ES requires inordinate effort. This paper proposes a new approach to power system restoration that utilizes both methodologies so as to exploit both systems' advantages. That is, a system under study is decomposed into a set of subsystems based on the knowledge of restoration experts, which is realized as an expert system. Then, MP is applied to each decomposed subsystem to obtain an optimal target configuration. A feasible operation sequence leading to the target configuration is generated by ES. This approach reduces significantly the computation time required to obtain target systems and is far less than would be the case if the total system is solved (as a unity). Moreover, the number of rules in the knowledge-base are greatly decreased.     

并联感应电动机聚合负荷引起含双馈风电场电力系统振荡研究

围绕并联感应电动机聚合负荷,研究了该负荷自身的稳定性特征及其与双馈感应风电机组(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)间交互作用对电力系统稳定性的影响。首先,建立了聚合负荷线性化状态空间模型;理论研究表明,当聚合负荷内部n台感应电动机同型时,聚合负荷可等值变换为n个独立的等值子系统,其中1个等值子系统的感应电动机振荡模式(induction motor oscillation mode,IMOM)将随着电动机数量n的增加在复平面上不断移动,甚至可能穿越虚轴进入右半平面;并提出一种预估该移动的振荡模式负阻尼时对应的电动机数量的方法。其次,构建了由聚合负荷开环子系统和电力系统其余部分开环子系统构成的闭环互联系统模型,并从开环模式耦合的角度阐述了聚合负荷与双馈风机间交互作用导致电力系统振荡的机理:当开环感应电动机振荡模式与开环风机振荡模式在复平面上靠近时,可能出现的开环模式耦合将引发2个子系统间的强交互作用,并导致闭环系统振荡模式阻尼减弱。最后,通过新英格兰系统对理论分析及结论进行了验证。     

A decentralized plant controller for automatic generation and voltage regulation

A decentralized plant controller is developed for the coordinated control of automatic real power generation and automatic voltage regulation of a generating unit. Considering that there are no interactions between the two subsystems, local controllers are developed to optimize each subsystem. Those controllers are then used to improve the performance of the overall system when the interconnections are taken into account. The decentralized controller for each subsystem is composed of a feedback control which is independent of other subsystems, and an adjustment control which is dependent on the interaction variables.The effectiveness of the decentralized controller is examined by digital simulation study for the response of a generator-exciter system tied to a governor-turbine system. Comparisons are made with the local controller and with the centralized controller, and the decentralized controller is shown to have practical advantages over the centralized controller with only minimal sacrifice in performance.     

笼型异步发电机的直接转矩控制策略的研究

对笼型异步电机与电力电子变换器结合构成发电系统进行了研究 ,说明了采用直接转矩控制策略可使这种发电系统具有很好的输出电压特性。文中介绍了异步发电机直接转矩控制的原理与实现方法 ,并给出了仿真与实验结果     

电力系统振荡中心的暂态能量解析

根据结构保持的多机电力系统模型分析了电力系统大扰动后暂态能量在网络中的分布特性,重点研究了故障后系统振荡中心处暂态能量的变化规律,在单机系统中给出了证明,并在多机系统中进行了仿真验算.研究结果表明:随着系统稳定程度的恶化,系统的振荡中心附近是故障后暂态能量冲击最严重的区域,系统沿振荡中心所处的割集"撕裂".     

基于灵敏度分析的多区域互联电力系统状态估计

研究了多区域互联电力系统的状态估计问题,提出了基于灵敏度分析的互联电力系统的状态估计方法.该方法将互联系统联络线两端子系统状态估计独立计算所得线路功率不匹配量作为各子系统的虚拟变化量测量,基于各子系统量测量、状态量和功率估计值之间的灵敏度关系,计算修正各子系统状态量和功率估计值,迭代求解互联系统状态估计解.仿真试验结果充分说明该状态估计方法计算结果准确、速度快,且在互联系统计算中心无法获得部分子系统数据情况下,能够最大限度地准确给出互联的可观测系统状态估计解.     

Intelligent Diagnostic Requirements of Future All-Electric Ship Integrated Power System

Future ship integrated power systems (IPSs) will be characterized by complex topologies of advanced power electronics and other evolving components. Advanced capabilities, such as intelligent reconfiguration of system function and connectivity will be possible; however, system level knowledge of component failure will be needed for intelligent power distribution under failure mode conditions. Diagnostic and prognostic coverage for sensors, components, and subsystems will be essential for achieving reliability goals. This paper will look at some diagnostic requirements and emerging technologies available for insertion into future ship IPSs     

大规模电力系统分解聚合法直接暂态稳定分析

本文旨在研究用分解聚合网络方程解法进行大规模电力系统的直接暂态稳定分析．分析中网络用分块矩阵表示，故障所在子块发电机采用Ｅｑ恒定模型，负荷计及电压特性．而非故障子块则发电机采用经典模型、负荷作线性简化．能量函数计算采用ＰＥＢＳ法，并沿故障轨迹积分，以简化暂态能量的计算．通过对华中５７机３５５节点互联电力系统的大量计算及研究，证明了本文方法的快速性与实用性．     

配网生产管理系统的应用与思考

配网生产管理系统的应用和推广将是对配电网生产运行管理的一次革命性的变革,为实现营配一体化提供良好的平台,配电管理信息系统（简称DIS）和配电生产系统（简称DMS系统）组成。两个子系统的数据库服务器硬件整合到供电局统一的小机集群硬件平台中,通过扩展后台主机及存储,满足配网生产管理系统新的应用需求,构建统一硬件平台的可扩展性和可成长性。     

浅谈电力电缆隧道监控系统的配置

针对目前没有颁布有关电缆隧道监控专用规范的情况,探讨了电力电缆隧道监控系统的设置原则,并对本文推荐的电力电缆隧道监控系统及其4个子系统:火灾报警及消防联动系统、电力电缆与环境温度监测系统、气体监测系统、视频监控及红外防盗系统的配置分别进行了讨论,可为电力电缆隧道的监控系统设计提供参考。     

含并联直驱风电机组并网的风电场多开环模式谐振

针对电力系统中的次同步振荡问题,采用开环模式谐振分析方法研究了多台具有相同参数的直驱风电机组并联并网后引发电力系统次同步振荡的多开环模式谐振现象,构建了以直驱风电机组为反馈子系统和电力系统其余部分为前馈子系统组成的闭环互联模型。针对网侧换流器直流电压外环和锁相环动态主导的振荡模式,研究2个子系统之间的多开环模式谐振。模式分析计算结果表明,多台直驱风电机组的并网会导致锁相环模式的阻尼降低; 并联并网直驱风电机组的数目增加会导致电力系统的次同步振荡。     

调度控制中心功能的发展——电网实时安全预警系统

提出了电网实时安全预警系统的可行方案,给出了其基本原理和主要特征,设计了其功能框架和体系结构.该系统在实时信息重建的基础上,利用并行和分布式计算技术,从多个侧面对电网实施"分诊",自动跟踪和确定电网实时安全级别,快速找出各类安全隐患,然后通过"会诊",实时给出综合安全预警报告,展示给调度员.设计了系统的实时性指标.基于IEC 61970标准化技术,可方便地实现与不同调度控制中心现有系统的集成.通过该系统的研发和实施,可以大幅度提高电网实时安全预警能力.     

Derivation of dynamic equivalents for stability analysis

A method of deriving a reduced-order equivalent model for stability studies of interconnected power systems is presented. Where the system under study is composed of a main system and interconnected subsystems, this method gives an equivalent model to each subsystem with fewer generators, so that, as far as the transient behaviour of the main system is concerned, the computing cost is greatly reduced by using these equivalents instead of the original subsystems.A numerical example applied to a 930 bus and 369 machine system shows that the reduction obtained by this method is quite effective with no loss of response accuracy.     

Time delay approach for PSS and SSSC based coordinated controller design using hybrid PSO–GSA algorithm

In this work we present a novel approach in order to improve the power system stability, by designing a coordinated structure composed of a power system stabilizer and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)-based damping controller. In the design approach various time delays and signal transmission delays owing to sensors are included. This is a coordinated design problem which is treated as an optimization problem. A new hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (hPSO–GSA) algorithm is used in order to find the controller parameters. The performance of single-machine infinite-bus power system as well as the multi-machine power systems are evaluated by applying the proposed hPSO–GSA based controllers (PSS and damping controller). Various results are shown here with different loading condition and system configuration over a wide range which will prove the robustness and effectiveness of the above design approach. From the results it can be observed that, the proposed hPSO–GSA based controller provides superior damping to the power system oscillation on a wide range of disturbances. Again from the simulation based results it can be concluded that, for a multi-machine power system, the modal oscillation which is very dangerous can be easily damped out with the above proposed approach.     

考虑大规模风电接入的电力系统混合储能容量优化配置

不同储能技术在响应特性、经济成本、容量规模等方面各具特色,适用于不同的应用场景.由2种或多种储能装置耦合形成的混合储能系统往往能够综合各方技术经济特性,显现出更加优异的性能.针对现有电网受可再生能源出力波动性的影响日益严重、促进消纳存在技术瓶颈、调峰压力大等问题,提出了一种由全钒液流电池和先进绝热压缩空气储能组成的混合储能系统,建立了考虑大规模风电接入的系统容量优化配置模型.首先,分析了风电出力的频谱特性,提出了一种基于经验模态分解的风电功率分配策略;然后,基于该策略,构建了混合储能系统的双层容量优化配置模型,上层以规划期内总经济投入最小为目标决策混合储能系统的配置容量,下层以系统运行成本最低为目标决策其日前发电计划;最后,基于某实际电网典型日的风电及负荷数据对所提模型进行了仿真分析与验证.算例结果表明:所提混合储能系统的容量优化配置模型不仅可以满足电网的多性能需求,还能有效提升系统的经济性.     

Electrical Surge-Protection Devices for Industrial Facilities—A Tutorial Review

Industrial facilities are becoming more and more dependent on computer control of their processes, and as a consequence, require an increase in cleanliness and reliability of the electrical power supply system. Electromechanical subsystems are being replaced by electronic logic. Harmonic interference, welding, variable speed drives, and other "in plant" noise have reliable mitigation procedures. However, lightning and other external sourced power disturbances rank high on the list of "uncontrollable" events that have shut down facilities in recent years. This paper provides an overview of the causes of power-line surges and their consequences for an industrial plant. The relevant international surge-protection standards will be briefly reviewed, and their differences will be analyzed. Different technologies utilized in the implementation of various commercially available surge-protection devices will be presented, followed by a comparative analysis. Finally, the latest trends and the most promising technologies in surge-protection systems as well as their ability to overcome the problems associated with conventional protection devices will be overviewed, and experimental data based on field trials are reported     

基于节点电压相近度的黑启动子系统划分方法研究

互联电网发生大停电事故后,将电网划分成几个子系统实施并行恢复,可显著加快系统恢复进程。基于复杂网络的社团发现原理,采用节点电压相近度作为子系统划分的判据,提出一种黑启动子系统划分方法。该方法根据潮流计算的节点电压、黑启动电源的数目以及黑启动电源所在节点的电压获得电压阈值,将网络划分成几个子系统实施并行恢复,可满足子系统内部连续紧密、子系统之间联络的线路尽可能少且子系统的规模基本相当的分区目标。基于IEEE 118节点系统的算例验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

考虑运行策略和投资主体利益的电转气容量双层优化配置

电转气(P2G)技术的日益成熟,促进了电网和天然气网间的耦合,使两者间实现大规模互联成为可能。文中利用条件风险价值(CVaR)理论,对风电不确定性给电—气互联系统带来的运行风险及其成本进行了分析。在计及风力发电企业和电—气互联系统两个利益主体后,构建了P2G设备容量配置双层规划模型,以风力发电企业净利润作为上层目标,电—气互联系统运行成本为下层目标。并通过基于灾变遗传算法和内点法的混合求解算法进行仿真求解。利用IEEE 39节点电网和修改的比利时20节点天然气网组成的仿真系统,验证了配置P2G设备来提高风电消纳率和降低系统弃风风险的可行性。并进一步对比分析了置信度和弃风风险成本系数对P2G配置策略及系统运行的影响。     

Hopf分歧分析中的系统等值化简

分歧分析是电力系统稳定分析的一个重要内容,随着系统规模的扩大,分歧分析也变得越来越困难。使分析简单容易的一个途径就是等值化简系统,开展对分歧子系统的研究。该文介绍了分歧子系统条件和几何解耦条件,当化简子系统满足这两个条件时,就能产生分歧子系统,分歧子系统也将产生与原系统相同的分歧,并保留原系统中心流形的全部必要信息,从而减少了计算,获得与原系统同样的分析结果。在分歧子系统条件和几何解耦条件的基础上,从实际电力系统物理概念出发,改进了识别Hopf分歧子系统的方法。用该方法获得的分歧子系统不仅保留了原系统的奇异非线性动态特性,且保留了电力系统稳定分析所需的基本结构和状态。算例结果验证了所提理论与改进方法的正确性。