聚(2,5-二丁氧基)对苯乙炔的制备及其离子注入改性研究

通过双醚化反应、氯甲基化反应以及在强碱性条件下进行的脱氯化氢反应,制备出新型光电功能材料聚(2,5 二丁氧基)对苯乙炔(PDBOPV)。采用能量为10～35keV,剂量为3.0×1015～4.8×1017ions/cm2的氮离子(N+)对PDBOPV进行离子注入改性。PDBOPV薄膜的电导率随注入离子能量和剂量的增加而提高。当注入N+的能量为35keV,剂量为4.8×1017ions/cm2时,PDBOPV薄膜的电导率为0.136S/cm,比本征态的电导率提高了8个数量级。通过超高阻测试仪研究了PDBOPV薄膜表面电导率与温度的关系,发现N+注入PDBOPV薄膜的电导活化能为0.155eV。离子注入PDBOPV薄膜的电导率的环境稳定性能优于Br2、I2和FeCl3掺杂的PDBOPV。对离子注入PDBOPV薄膜的导电机理进行了初步探讨。     

低能离子注入对聚苯胺薄膜的改性研究

利用低能量的N 对电化学合成的聚苯胺薄膜进行了离子注入改性 ,实验结果表明 :聚苯胺薄膜经N 注入后薄膜电导率随注入能量和剂量的增加而提高 ,电导率最大提高了 9个数量级 ,即由本征态的电导率 (>1× 1 0 -12 S/cm)提高到 1 76× 1 0 -3 S/cm(注入剂量 :3× 1 0 17ions/cm2 ,注入能量 :35keV) ;同时离子注入后聚苯胺薄膜在可见光范围的吸收比增强。     

离子注入改性聚对苯乙炔的光学及电学性能

利用脱氯化氢反应制备π共轭高分子聚[2-甲氧基-5-(3′-甲基)丁氧基]对苯乙炔(MM B-PPV)。采用能量为15 keV~35 keV,剂量为3.8×1015ions/cm2~9.6×1016ions/cm2的低能氮离子(N+)对MM B-PPV薄膜进行离子注入改性研究。红外光谱显示,离子注入后分子的特征峰未发生显著变化,而在3442cm-1、1622 cm-1等处出现N-H键的振动峰;随着注入能量、剂量的增加,薄膜的紫外-可见吸收边向长波方向移动,π共轭高分子中激发态和基态间的光学禁带宽度变窄;薄膜的表面电导率随着注入能量、剂量的增加迅速提高,当注入能量为35 keV,剂量为9.6×1016ions/cm2时,表面电导率高达3.2×1-0 2S/cm,比本征态提高7个数量级以上。     

低能离子注入对聚吡咯甲烯的改性

利用低能氮离子对聚[(3乙酰基吡咯-2,5-二)对二甲氨基苯甲烯](Papdmabeq)薄膜进行了离子注入改性(注入能量为10～35 keV、剂量为1.2×1016～2.2×1017ions/cm2),研究了与材料三阶非线性极化率相关的物理量的变化规律.结果表明,氮离子注入使Papdmabeq薄膜的光电特性都发生了显著变化.适当能量和剂量的氮离子注入Papdmabeq薄膜后,薄膜中导电岛的数量增加,在聚合物分子链间形成了大的导电区域,导致其电导率显著提高.当注入离子的能量为25 keV、剂量为2.2×1017ionS/cm2时,Papdmabeq薄膜的电导率为9.2×10-4S/cm,比本征态Papdmabeq的电导率提高了5个数量级,且离子注入后薄膜电导率的环境稳定性优于经碘掺杂的Papdmabeq.氮离子注入可以使这种聚合物薄膜在可见光范围内的光吸收大幅度提高,使共轭程度得到显著增强.当注入离子的能量为35 keV、剂量为2.2×1017ions/cm2时,Papdmabeq的光学禁带宽度(Eg)由1.626 eV降低到1.340 eV.     

N+离子注入聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔薄膜的微观结构

通过双醚化反应、氯甲基化反应以及在强碱性条件下进行的脱氯化氢反应,制备出新型光电功能材料聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔(PMOCOPV).采用能量为30 keV,剂量为1.2×1016 ions/cm2～4.8×1017 ions/cm2的氮离子(N )对PMOCOPV进行离子注入改性.红外光谱研究表明,离子注入改性后的PMOCOPV,在3433 cm-1和1622 cm-1处出现N-H的振动吸收峰;随着N 注入剂量的增加,PMOCOPV在紫外和可见光区域的吸收增强,且吸收边向长波方向移动;离子注入使PMOCOPV的分子链排列更加规整,取向度明显增加,结晶性能大大改善;离子注入后PMOCOPV的起始分解温度由未注入时的200 ℃提高至360 ℃,材料的热稳定性能显著增强.     

Mn+离子注入GaN薄膜的磁性研究

在(0001)面的蓝宝石衬底上用MOCVD法生长纤锌矿结构的GaN.GaN膜总厚度为4μm,表层为0.5μm厚的掺Mg的p型层.用90keV的Mn+离子对处于室温下的GaN进行离子注入,注入剂量为1×1015～5×1016ions/cm2.对注入的样品在N2气流中经约800℃进行快速热退火处理,时间为30～90s.样品的磁性用超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)进行分析.未注入的p型GaN薄膜是抗磁性的,而Mn+注入的GaN显现顺磁性(注入剂量为1×1015ions/cm2)和铁磁性(注入剂量为5×1015～5×1016ions/cm2).结合X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对GaN薄膜在注入和退火后的结构和形貌研究,揭示Mn+ 注入是进行GaN磁性掺杂的有效手段,在Mn+ 注入p型GaN、制备得到的(Ga,Mn)N稀磁半导体中,空穴调制铁磁性是其主要的磁性机制.     

铜离子注入马氏体不锈钢的抗菌性能研究

Cu离子由MEVVA离子注入机引出注入2Cr13不锈钢,采用60keV的能量、(0.2～2.0)×1017ions/cm2剂量。计算了60keV能量下Cu离子的饱和注入量。研究了2Cr13不锈钢在铜离子注入后所具有的抗菌性能,分析了注入量对样品抗菌性能的影响。抗菌实验结果表明,注入量接近饱和注入量时,样品具有最佳的抗菌性能。     

自由体积理论在离子注入聚对苯膜导电机理研究中的应用

采用离子注入掺杂技术 ,研究了聚对苯 (PPP)薄膜的离子束效应。当 2 0～ 70 ke V的 Ar+和 N+注入后 ,聚对苯薄膜的电导率随着剂量的增加而迅速增加。当剂量为 1× 10 1 7ions/cm2时 ,电阻率下降 7个数量级。FT- IR光谱图显示了 Ar+注入使聚对苯分子链部分 C- C和 C- H的 σ键断裂 ,从而改善了它的导电性能。通过超高阻测试仪研究了聚对苯薄膜表面电导率与温度的关系 ,从高分子自由体积理论的角度对离子注入聚对苯薄膜离子注入导电机理进行了研究。     

N~ 、Xe~ 离子注入银薄膜的实验分析

实验研究了离子注入对多晶银薄膜晶体结构及表面成份的影响。在室温环境下,将能量为24keV的N~ 离子和350keV的Xe~ 离子以不同的注入剂量注入到多晶银薄膜中。对离子注入前后的银薄膜样品进行了透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析。经分析发现,离子注入后在银薄膜中出现了再结晶和晶粒长大现象,而且晶粒尺寸随注入离子的剂量增加而增加。当注入的N~ 离子剂量≥1.3×10~(17)Ions/cm~2及注入的Xe~ 离子剂量达到3×10~(16)Ions/cm~2时,多晶银膜转变成单晶银薄膜。本文对实验结果进行了讨论。     

离子注入尼龙6的摩擦磨损性能

用高能离子注入机对尼龙 6进行N+ 注入改性 ,注入能量为 45 0keV ,剂量分别为 2 .5× 10 15/cm2 和 1.2 5× 10 16/cm2 。以ZrO2 及Si3 N4球为上球样 ,分别与注入尼龙 6下盘样组成摩擦副 ,在销盘摩擦实验机上评价它们在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明 ,N+ 注入提高了尼龙 6的摩擦系数 ,增强了尼龙 6的耐磨性 ,高剂量注入样品的耐磨性高于低剂量注入样品。未注入样品的磨损主要表现为粘着、塑性变形和疲劳 ,注入样品的磨损主要为磨粒磨损和塑性变形     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to