一种多目标不等面积设施布局问题的启发式算法

多目标不等面积设施布局问题（UA-FLP）是将一些不等面积设施放置在车间内进行布局,要求优化多个目标并满足一定的限制条件。以物料搬运成本最小和非物流关系强度最大来建立生产车间的多目标优化模型,并提出一种启发式算法进行求解。算法采用启发式布局更新策略更新构型,通过结合基于自适应步长梯度法的局部搜索机制和启发式设施变形策略来处理设施之间的干涉性约束。为了得到问题的Pareto最优解集,提出了基于Pareto优化的局部搜索和基于小生境技术的全局优化方法。通过两个典型算例对算法性能进行测试,实验结果表明,所提出的启发式算法是求解多目标UA-FLP的有效方法。     

一种基于粒子群参数优化的改进蚁群算法

蚁群算法是一种应用广泛、性能优良的智能优化算法,其求解效果与参数选取息息相关.鉴于此,针对现有基于粒子群参数优化的改进蚁群算法耗时较大的问题,提出一种新的解决方案.该方案给出一种全局异步与精英策略相结合的信息素更新方式,且通过大量统计实验可以在较大程度上减少蚁群算法被粒子群算法调用一次所需的迭代代数.仿真实验表明,所提出算法在求解较大规模旅行商问题时具有明显的速度优势.     

An efficient hybrid algorithm for resource-constrained project scheduling

We propose an efficient hybrid algorithm, known as ACOSS, for solving resource-constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSP) in real-time. The ACOSS algorithm combines a local search strategy, ant colony optimization (ACO), and a scatter search (SS) in an iterative process. In this process, ACO first searches the solution space and generates activity lists to provide the initial population for the SS algorithm. Then, the SS algorithm builds a reference set from the pheromone trails of the ACO, and improves these to obtain better solutions. Thereafter, the ACO uses the improved solutions to update the pheromone set. Finally in this iteration, the ACO searches the solution set using the new pheromone trails after the SS has terminated. In ACOSS, ACO and the SS share the solution space for efficient exchange of the solution set. The ACOSS algorithm is compared with state-of-the-art algorithms using a set of standard problems available in the literature. The experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

基于记忆表的连续蚁群优化算法

蚁群算法的离散本质限制了其在连续问题求解中的应用,针对该问题提出求解连续函数优化问题的连续蚁群优化算法。对概率密度呈高斯分布的分布函数进行随机采样,为每只蚂蚁产生下一步迭代的 个候选位置,引入记忆表取代基本蚁群算法中的禁忌表,通过对记忆表中的优良解进行动态替换实现信息素更新。与其他连续优化算法的比较结果证明,该算法在复杂度、稳定性等方面具有优势。     

基于Wang-Landau算法的动态设施布局方法

动态设施布局问题是设施在车间内多个阶段的布局规划问题。目前,针对动态设施布局问题,国内外学者对离散模型研究较多,而对连续模型的研究却较少。根据连续动态设施布局的特性与需求,构建了不等面积设施的动态设施布局连续模型。求解该模型的难点在于缺乏一种高效的布局优化方法。Wang-Landau算法是一种改进的蒙特卡罗算法。通过将Wang-Landau算法与空位点放置策略、外推移动策略、内压移动策略三种启发式策略相结合,提出一种基于Wang-Landau抽样的启发式算法,并以此求解该模型。使用文献中已有的测试算例对提出的算法进行测试,计算结果表明,所提出的算法在求解连续动态设施布局问题上是有效的。     

时变路网条件下车辆路径问题的自适应蚁群算法

考虑实际生活中道路路况影响运输成本及油耗率与运载量相关的因素,处理跨多时段的问题,建立时变路网条件下的车辆路径问题数学模型。通过聚类算法和节约算法构造初始解,提高求解速度;自适应地改变启发式因子和期望启发式因子,提高算法全局收敛能力;结合油耗率,将油耗率转化成信息素挥发因子,自适应更新信息素,保证其收敛速度;通过3-opt策略,提高算法的局部搜索能力。基于以上方法构造自适应蚁群算法,对8个客户规模的实例进行仿真表明提出的算法在收敛速度和寻优结果两方面略优于自适应遗传算法和蚁群算法,且因为考虑了不同运载量的油耗,为准确估计运输成本提供了方法。     

云环境下基于多目标的多科学工作流调度算法

针对现有云环境下的多科学工作流调度算法中存在的未考虑安全调度问题,提出多科学工作流安全-时间约束费用优化算法MSW-SDCOA（Multi-Scientific Workflows Security-Deadline constraint Cost OptimizationAlgorithm）.首先MSW-SDCOA基于数据依赖关系压缩科学工作流,减少任务节点数从而节省了调度开销;并通过改进HEFT（Heterogeneous Earliest-Finish-Time）算法形成调度序列,以实现全局多目标优化调度;最后,通过优化ACO（Ant Colony Optimization）中信息素更新策略和启发式信息,进一步改善费用优化效果.仿真实验表明,MSW-SDCOA算法在费用优化效果上比MW-DBS算法提高了约14%.     

一种改进的蚁群算法在工艺规划与车间调度集成优化中的应用

改进标准蚁群算法的执行策略,可提高工艺规划和调度集成问题的求解 质量和效率。通过节点集、有向弧/无向弧集、AND/OR 关系,建立了基于AND/OR 图的工 艺规划和调度集成优化模型。提出一种求解工艺规划与车间调度集成问题的改进蚁群优化算 法,采用了信息素动态更新策略避免收敛过慢和局部收敛,利用多目标优化策略提高求解质 量。仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

Multi-satellite control resource scheduling based on ant colony optimization

The multi-satellite control resource scheduling problem (MSCRSP) is a kind of large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. As the solution space of the problem is sparse, the optimization process is very complicated. Ant colony optimization as one of heuristic method is wildly used by other researchers to solve many practical problems. An algorithm of multi-satellite control resource scheduling problem based on ant colony optimization (MSCRSP–ACO) is presented in this paper. The main idea of MSCRSP–ACO is that pheromone trail update by two stages to avoid algorithm trapping into local optima. The main procedures of this algorithm contain three processes. Firstly, the data get by satellite control center should be preprocessed according to visible arcs. Secondly, aiming to minimize the working burden as optimization objective, the optimization model of MSCRSP, called complex independent set model (CISM), is developed based on visible arcs and working periods. Ant colony algorithm can be used directly to solve CISM. Lastly, a novel ant colony algorithm, called MSCRSP–ACO, is applied to CISM. From the definition of pheromone and heuristic information to the updating strategy of pheromone is described detailed. The effect of parameters on the algorithm performance is also studied by experimental method. The experiment results demonstrate that the global exploration ability and solution quality of the MSCRSP–ACO is superior to existed algorithms such as genetic algorithm, iterative repair algorithm and max–min ant system.     

An improved hybrid algorithm for the set covering problem

The state-of-the-art ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve large scale set covering problems (SCP) starts by solving the Lagrangian dual (LD) problem of the SCP to obtain quasi-optimal dual values. These values are then exploited by the ACO algorithm in the form of heuristic estimates. This article starts by discussing the complexity of this approach where a number of new parameters are introduced to escape local optimums and normalize the heuristic values. To avoid these complexities, we propose a new hybrid algorithm that starts by solving the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the SCP. This solution is used to eliminate unnecessary columns, and to estimate the heuristic information. To generate solutions, we use a Max–Min Ant System (MMAS) algorithm that employs a novel mechanism to update the pheromone trail limits to maintain a predetermined exploration rate. Computational experiments on different sets of benchmark instances prove that our proposed algorithm can be considered the new state-of-the-art meta-heuristic to solve the SCP.     

多维背包问题的一个蚁群优化算法

蚁群优化(ACO)是一种通用的启发式方法,已被用来求解很多离散优化问题.近年来,已提出几个ACO算法求解多维背包问题(MKP).这些算法虽然能获得较好的解但也耗用太多的CPU时间.为了降低用ACO求解MKP的复杂性,文章基于一种已提出但未实现过的MKP的信息素表示定义了新的选择概率的规则和相应的基于背包项的一种序的启发式信息,从而提出了一种计算复杂性较低、求解性能较好的改进型蚁群算法.实验结果表明,无论串行执行还是虚拟并行执行,在计算相同任务时,新算法耗用时间少且解的价值更高.不仅如此,在实验中,文中的新算法获得了ORLIB中测试算例5.250-22的两个"新"解.     

应急救援物资多目标分配与调度问题建模与求解

应急救援物资多目标分配和调度集成优化是灾害应急决策中的一个难点问题.为此, 构建一种面向多储备点、多发放点、多种应 急救援物资的并发分配与调度多目标优化模型, 提出一种基于二维NSGA-II与蚁群优化的混合智能搜索算法.在所提算 法中, 设计二维二进制编码、个体修正策略以解决多发放点之间潜在的应急救援物资 冲突, 并改进蚁群优化中的信息素全局更新策略以实现多个调度路径的同时优化.对比实验 结果表明, 所提出的混合算法可以在合理的时间内给出更高质量的应急救援物资分配和调度方案.     

An effective ant colony optimization algorithm for multi-objective job-shop scheduling with equal-size lot-splitting

This paper proposes several novel hybrid ant colony optimization (ACO)-based algorithms to resolve multi-objective job-shop scheduling problem with equal-size lot splitting. The main issue discussed in this paper is lot-splitting of jobs and tradeoff between lot-splitting costs and makespan. One of the disadvantages of ACO is its uncertainty on time of convergence. In order to enrich search patterns of ACO and improve its performance, five enhancements are made in the proposed algorithms including: A new type of pheromone and greedy heuristic function; Three new functions of state transition rules; A nimble local search algorithm for the improvements of solution quality; Mutation mechanism for divisive searching; A particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm for adaptive tuning of parameters. The objectives that are used to measure the quality of the generated schedules are weighted-sum of makespan, tardiness of jobs and lot-splitting cost. The developed algorithms are analyzed extensively on real-world data obtained from a printing company and simulated data. A mathematical programming model is developed and paired-samples t-tests are performed between obtained solutions of mathematical programming model and proposed algorithms in order to verify effectiveness of proposed algorithms.     

带静不平衡约束的正交矩形布局问题的启发式模拟退火算法*

以卫星舱布局为背景,研究一类带静不平衡约束的正交矩形布局问题.借鉴拟物策略,定义矩形与矩形、矩形与圆形容器之间的嵌入度计算公式,将该问题转变为无约束的优化问题.通过将启发式格局更新策略、基于梯度法的局部搜索机制与具有全局优化功能的模拟退火算法相结合,提出一种求解带静不平衡约束的正交矩形布局问题的启发式模拟退火算法.算法中的启发式格局更新策略产生新格局和跳坑,梯度法搜索新格局附近能量更低的格局.另外,在布局优化过程中,通过在挤压弹性势能的基础上增加静不平衡量惩罚项,并采用质心平移的方法,使布局系统的静不平衡量达到约束要求.实验表明,文中算法是一种解决带静不平衡约束的正交矩形布局问题的有效算法.     

改进的蚁群算法求解多目标车间作业调度问题

目前已经有许多解决作业车间调度问题的启发式求解方法,但这些方法多数局限于单目标,因此不能满足现实生活中多目标作业车间调度问题的应用需求。提出一种改进的蚁群算法启发式地搜索多目标车间作业调度问题的近似最优解以满足实际的应用需求。通过对转移概率以及信息素更新方式进行改进,并融合交叉策略,确保算法在加快搜索收敛速度的同时又避免陷入局部最优。仿真实验证明,改进的算法具有较好的性能,能够解决实际生活中的多目标作业车间调度问题。     

基于启发式蚁群算法的VRP问题研究

针对蚁群算法求解VRP问题时收敛速度慢,求解质量不高的缺点,把城市和仓库间的距离矩阵和路径节约矩阵信息融入到初始信息素矩阵中作为启发式信息引入到蚁群算法中用于求解有容量限制的车辆路径规划问题（CVRP）,在三个基准数据集上的实验研究表明,基于启发式信息的蚁群算法与基本蚁群算法相比能够以较快的速度收敛到较好的解。     

蚁群算法在求解旅行商问题中的应用综述

旅行商问题作为组合优化研究中最具挑战的问题之一, 自被提出以来就引起了学术界的广泛关注并提出了大量的方法来解决它. 蚁群算法是求解复杂组合优化问题的一种启发式仿生进化算法, 是求解旅行商问题的有效手段. 本文分别介绍蚁群算法中几个有代表性的算法, 综述了蚁群算法的改进、融合和应用的文献研究进展, 以评价近年来不同版本的蚁群算法为解决旅行商问题的发展和研究成果, 并针对改进蚁群算法结构框架、算法参数的设置及优化、信息素优化和混合算法等方面, 对现被提出的改进算法进行了分类综述. 对蚁群算法在未来对旅行商问题及其他不同领域的研究内容和研究热点的进一步发展提供了展望和依据.     

QoS全局最优的多目标Web服务选择算法*

针对现有方法的不足,提出一种基于QoS全局最优的多目标动态Web服务选择算法。在给出动态服务组合模型的基础上,以“抽象服务规划”为输入,以用户的非功能性需求为全局约束,将动态服务选择问题转换为一个带QoS约束的多目标服务组合优化问题;利用多目标蚁群算法,多个目标函数被同时优化并产生一组满足约束条件的Pareto优化解。通过运用实验与基于多目标遗传算法的Web服务选择算法进行对比,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Ants can solve constraint satisfaction problems

We describe a novel incomplete approach for solving constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) metaheuristic. The idea is to use artificial ants to keep track of promising areas of the search space by laying trails of pheromone. This pheromone information is used to guide the search, as a heuristic for choosing values to be assigned to variables. We first describe the basic ACO algorithm for solving CSPs and we show how it can be improved by combining it with local search techniques. Then, we introduce a preprocessing step, the goal of which is to favor a larger exploration of the search space at a lower cost, and we show that it allows ants to find better solutions faster. Finally, we evaluate our approach on random binary problems     

改进柔性隔间结构的不等形面积设施布局研究

不等形面积设施布局（UA-FLP）是一类广义的设施布局问题,允许所布置的设施在面积确定情况下通过改变其长宽而具有不同的形状。由于不等形面积设施布局额外增加了设施形状的变化维度,因此在求解过程中需要针对设施形状设定生成规则。在原来柔性隔间结构的基础上增加了隔间的方向性,所提出的改进柔性隔间结构在保证简洁性的同时扩大了整体的寻优空间。结合具有针对性的再搜索策略设计了求解问题的模拟退火算法,通过与采用柔性隔间结构表示的多个算例进行计算比较,验证了改进隔间结构的有效性与通用性。