Synthesis and Biological Characterization of (Z)-9-Heptadecenoic and (Z)-6-Methyl-9-Heptadecenoic Acids: Fatty Acids with Antibiotic Activity Produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa

Difficulties in isolating and purifying antibiotic fatty acids from culture filtrates of Pseudozyma flocculosa, a biocontrol agent against powdery mildew, have been limiting factors in studying the properties and understanding the mode of action of the biocontrol agent. We report a new protocol for synthesizing (Z)-9-heptadecenoic and for the first time synthesis of (Z)-6-methyl-9-heptadecenoic acids, two antibiotic fatty acids produced by P. flocculosa. This allowed reproducible and quantifiable means of assaying biological activity of the molecules. In these bioassays, both molecules exhibited antifungal activity corresponding to their expected potency. These new developments should facilitate further studies aimed at deciphering the ecological properties of P. flocculosa.     

HIV-1病毒样颗粒的纯化及其免疫原性

目的纯化HIV-1病毒样颗粒,并检测其免疫原性。方法稳定表达HIV-1结构蛋白Gag和Env的重组293细胞经大规模培养后,收集培养上清,经30%蔗糖垫两次纯化,免疫BALB/c小鼠,Western blot检测小鼠血清中抗体水平。结果重组293细胞培养上清的纯化产物经SDS-PAGE分析,可见目的蛋白的表达。Western blot检测显示,纯化蛋白具有良好的反应原性。免疫小鼠后能够诱导产生针对目的蛋白的抗体,其抗体水平呈剂量依赖关系。结论纯化的HIV-1病毒样颗粒能够诱导小鼠产生抗体,具有良好的免疫原性。     

HIV-1 DNA疫苗的构建及免疫原性

目的构建稳定表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的DNA疫苗,提高目的基因的表达效率。方法对HIV-1野生型Gag-Pol基因序列进行优化,使用本室构建的表达载体VR,构建重组质粒VR-GPCINS。将构建的重组质粒VR-GPCINS转染HEK293细胞,Western blot鉴定表达产物。用构建的DNA疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,Western blot检测体液免疫反应。结果成功构建能稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的VR-GPCINS质粒,Western blot在免疫小鼠的血清中检测到抗p24的特异性抗体。结论含优化Gag-Pol基因序列的质粒DNA疫苗VR-GPCINS在细胞表达和体液免疫方面均明显优于含野生型Gag-Pol基因序列的质粒DNA疫苗VR-GP。     

DNA表达载体构建及HIV多表位核酸疫苗的设计与表达

目的利用塞姆利基森林病毒(SFV)复制子构建新型真核表达载体,并对含HIV-1中国流行株B亚型核心蛋白p24及多表位MEG嵌合基因的核酸疫苗进行表达与鉴定。方法将含SFV复制子的元件从pSFV-MCS中切下,连入含CMV启动子及增强子的pIRESneo载体中,构建新型真核表达载体pCS,再将含HIV-1 MEGp24基因插入至pCS载体中,构建重组核酸疫苗pCS-MEGp24。用脂质体法将重组质粒转染入BHK-21细胞,进行表达产物的检测。结果间接免疫荧光检测显示,重组质粒转染的BHK-21细胞能有效表达HIV-1 MEGp24,并与HIV阳性血清反应。结论所构建的核酸疫苗可在BHK-21细胞系内进行表达,且MEGp24基因的表达蛋白具有特异性,为构建新型HIV-1中国流行株核酸疫苗的可行性提供了重要实验依据。     

HIV-1 Vif蛋白的体内表达及其生物学功能

目的分别构建带有6His和mbptag的HIV-1Vif基因真核表达载体,在体内表达融合蛋白,并检测其生物学功能。方法PCR扩增带有6His和mbptag的HIV-1Vif基因,克隆至真核表达载体VR1012上。将抗病毒因子APOBEC3G(A3G)分别与空载体VR1012、HIV-1野生型Vif/VR1012、Vif-mbp/VR1012和Vif-6His/VR1012共同转染293T细胞,检测Vif-mbp和Vif-6His的表达,并进行A3G体内降解试验。将A3G和/或可产生病毒的质粒HXB2Neo△Vif分别与HIV-1野生型Vif/VR1012、Vif-mbp/VR1012和Vif-6His/VR1012共同转染293T细胞,通过A3G包装进病毒和Magi细胞感染试验,进一步检测HIV-1Vif-mbp和Vif-6His融合蛋白的生物学功能。结果重组表达质粒Vif-mbp/VR1012和Vif-6His/VR1012经双酶切鉴定证明构建正确。转染293T细胞48h后,Vif-mbp和Vif-6His融合蛋白均有表达,但表达的Vif-mbp有不同程度的降解。Vif-6His可降解A3G,使其表达量下降至10%左右,而Vif-mbp几乎不能降解A3G。Vif-6His可阻止A3G包装进病毒颗粒中,而Vif-mbp无此功能。Vif-mbp可使HXB2Neo△Vif病毒感染能力恢复至15%,而Vif-6His可使其恢复至86%。结论已成功构建了带有6His和mbptag的HIV-1Vif基因真核表达载体,表达的Vif-mbp融合蛋白影响了Vif的生物学功能,但Vif-6His融合蛋白不影响Vif的生物学功能。     

(E)-3-烷烯羧酸的合成

以脂肪醛与丙二酸为原料,通过Knoevenagel反应制备了(E)-3-烷烯羧酸,反应以二甲苯为溶剂,在回流条件下进行。考察了哌啶、吡啶及4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)对反应产物的影响。结果表明,采用哌啶催化时,反应产率最高,可达70%左右,(E)-3-烷烯羧酸与副产物α,β-不饱和羧酸的摩尔比可达12/1以上;DMAP作催化剂,产率较低,在60%左右,反应选择性略高于哌啶;吡啶作催化剂时产率最低,反应选择性也最差,(E)-3-烷烯羧酸与副产物α,β-不饱和羧酸的摩尔比只有3/1。     

Hypolipidemic Effects of Phospholipids (PL) Containing n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Are Not Dependent on Esterification of n-3 PUFA to PL

Phospholipids (PL) containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects of maintaining and promoting health compared with triacylglycerols (TAG) containing n‐3 PUFA or general PL. This study evaluated the effects of dietary PL containing n‐3 PUFA and elucidated the effects of the glycerophosphate structure and n‐3 PUFA on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone, TAG containing n‐3 PUFA (1.8 %), soybean PL (2.7 %), PL containing n‐3 PUFA (2.7 %), or TAG containing n‐3 PUFA (1.8 %) + soybean PL (2.7 %). The present n‐3 PUFA‐supplemented diets had similar FA compositions, and the PL diets had similar PL compositions. TAG containing n‐3 PUFA reduced serum TAG contents, but did not affect serum cholesterol contents compared with soybean oil alone. PL diets containing n‐3 PUFA and the combination of TAG containing n‐3 PUFA and soybean PL resulted in decreased serum and liver TAG contents compared with the diet containing soybean oil alone, reflecting enhanced liver FA β‐oxidation. The results of this study show that TAG containing n‐3 PUFA with added soybean PL affects serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents to a similar degree as PL containing n‐3 PUFA. TAG containing n‐3 PUFA and soybean PL are widely used as functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical constituents and are inexpensive compared with PL containing n‐3 PUFA. Therefore, the combination of TAG containing n‐3 PUFA and soybean PL has potential as a useful and inexpensive component of functional foods.     

表达HIV-1 Gag-Pol抗原的重组痘病毒的构建及免疫原性

目的构建稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体疫苗,并检测其体液免疫效果。方法将修饰型HIV-1Gag-Pol基因插入到痘病毒表达载体pSC11m2启动子P7·5下游,经与野生型痘病毒同源重组后,进行蓝白斑筛选。用筛选得到的重组病毒rM-GP转染HEK293细胞,经SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测表达蛋白。用该重组病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,并检测体液免疫应答。结果已筛选到稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体rM-GP,经Westernblot,在免疫小鼠血清中检测到抗HIV-1p24蛋白的特异性抗体。结论重组痘病毒载体rM-GP能稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白,并能引起有效的体液免疫应答。     

Direct Isomerization of Linoleic Acid to Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) using Gold Catalysts

Supported gold catalysts, e.g., Au on Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CeO₂, MnO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, activated carbon, titanium silicalite TS‐1, were prepared and used for the isomerization of linoleic acid (cis‐9,cis‐12‐octadecadienoic acid) to conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in the presence of hydrogen at 165 °C in a batch reactor. The best results were obtained using a catalyst with 2 wt % Au on TS‐1, which exhibits a high selectivity (78 %) towards CLA. The two biologically active target CLA isomers, i.e., cis‐9,trans‐11‐CLA and trans‐10,cis‐12‐CLA, were the main products. During the isomerization of linoleic acid to CLA, consecutive reactions also took place. These were the hydrogenation of linoleic acid and CLA to monounsaturated octadecenoic acids and the further hydrogenation of monounsaturated acids to stearic acid. Thus, gold catalysts are capable of isomerizing linoleic acid to CLA and hydrogenating their double bonds to an extent that depends on the Au catalyst used.     

4-溴-1-溴甲基-2-对氯苯基-5-三氟甲基吡咯-3-腈的合成

以2 对氯苯基1 甲基5 三氟甲基2 吡咯啉3 腈为原料,经三步反应合成了4 溴1溴甲基2 对氯苯基5 三氟甲基吡咯3 腈,合成总收率为29.8%。     

4-[2-羟基-3-(1H-咪唑基-1)丙氧基]-3-甲氧基苯甲酸及其类似物的合成

以芳酸酯为起始原料,经Williamson醚化、亲核取代和水解反应,合成4-[2-羟基-3-(1H-咪唑基-1)丙氧基]-3-甲氧基苯甲酸及其3个类似物(3c~3f)。所合成的目标化合物均未见文献报道,其结构经IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR及MS确证。所设计的合成方法简单易行。     

(Z)-5-tetradecen-1-ol: A secondary pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,and its relationship to (Z)-10-nonadecenal

The yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer), was known to possess a potent secondary pheromone with the polarity of an alcohol, based on earlier studies with Florisil fractions. Purification of the 25% ether-hexane Florisil fraction (polarity as with alcohols) and the hydrolyzed 5% ether-hexane fraction (polarity as with esters) from 50,000 females yielded a total of ca 3μg of an active compound identified as (Z)-5-tetradecen-1-ol (Z5–14∶ OH). When added to 100 ng of (Z)-10-nonadecenal (Z10–19∶Al), which behaves as the primary pheromone in this sawfly, 0.5 ng of syntheticZ5–14∶ OH caused an 8.8-fold increase in the greenhouse bioassay response, compared toZ10–19∶Al alone.E5–14∶ OH caused a 2.8-fold increase. Only the combination ofZ5–14∶ OH andZ10–19∶ Al consistently elicited mating attempts among males. When Hercon® formulations ofZ5–14∶OH andZ10–19∶ Al were used together to bait traps, catches were up to four times higher than for theZ10–19∶ Al alone, but this increase was seen only after emergence and mating activity in the field population were virtually complete. TheZ5–14∶ OH was inactive alone, and at higher levels it depressed trap catches toZ10–19∶ Al. The Hercon formulations ofZ5–14∶ 0H andZ10–19∶Al together were as attractive as virgin females.Z10–19∶Al alone and the (Z,Z)-9,19 hydrocarbon dienes (found in all females and able to oxidize in air to produceZ10–19∶Al) were similar to mated females. ThusZ5–14∶:OH accounted for the difference in attractiveness between virgin and mated females.     

Graphical Synthetic Routes of （Z）-2-（5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl）- 2-ethoxyiminoacetic acid

（Z）-2-（5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基）-2-乙氧亚胺基乙酸是制备第5代头孢菌素头孢洛林酯的重要中间体,归纳总结了其合成方法。     

5-(4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-甲酸的合成研究

标题化合物是一种重要的医药及农药等精细化工产品的中间体,该化合物暂无文献报道其合成工艺,具有非常好的研究价值。根据文献报道,具有类似结构的化合物对IDO具有良好的抑制作用,能够有效地治疗、减轻或预防由免疫抑制引起的各种疾病,包括由肿瘤或病毒感染引起的自身免疫性疾病。设计并优化了该化合物的合成工艺,以N-Boc-2-吡咯硼酸为原料,经Suzuki反应、脱保护、羧酸化等步骤合成标题化合物,其结构经1HNMR、13CNMR和MS确证,总收率为40.8%。