客运专线用100米钢轨矫直断裂原因分析

 客运专线用100米60kg/m重轨在焊轨厂拼焊后,当四面矫直时发生断裂。采用光学显微镜及扫描电镜（TEM）等方法对钢轨矫直时断裂原因进行了分析和研究。结果表明：钢轨断裂是由于距钢轨端部约100mm轨底边缘处存在凸台缺陷,此凸台在钢轨拼焊后进行除瘤时除瘤刀将其铲平,致使钢轨产生冷裂纹,进而在矫直时断裂。通过控制万能精轧上下辊的辊径差以及调整轧制线高度等方面,使钢轨出轧机时尽量保持平直,避免上翘或扣头,从而消除凸台缺陷的产生。     

Epidermoid carcinoma of the penis

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumour of the penis. It is a rare disease in Western countries, and occurs in patients after the sixth decade. The pattern of spread is loco-regional, and prognosis is poor when nodal metastases appear. The etiology of penis cancer is discussed, however human papillomavirus infection, tobacco, poor hygiene and phimosis are often associated with this disease. Radical surgery gives the best control of the primary tumour, but it is mutilating. Conservative therapies (laser, radiotherapy, and particularly brachytherapy...) are an attracting option. Regional lymph nodes management is extremely controversial. Lymph node metastases, invasion of corpus cavernosum, and poor differentiation are pejorative prognostic factors. More than half patients are responsive to modern polychemotherapy combinations. However responses are transient and chemotherapy alone is not curative for metastatic disease. Etiologic factors, clinical presentation, staging work-up requirements, prognostic factors and therapeutic modalities are detailed.     

Statistical theory of the hydrogen-induced phase decomposition of an amorphous zirconium-palladium alloy with the formation of metal hydrides. Hydrogen solubility in phases

A statistical theory is developed for the decomposition of an amorphous zirconium-palladium alloy in a hydrogen atmosphere with the formation of metal hydrides. The free energies of the phases are calculated, and equations for the equilibrium states of the phases are derived. The phase-transformation temperatures are determined, and their dependences on the system composition are obtained. The temperature dependences of the hydrogen solubilities in the phases are found, and the appearance of the inflection points or jumps at the phase-transformation points, which are experimentally observed as inflections in the dependences, is grounded. Hydrogen solubility isotherms are calculated, and the possibility of a hysteresis effect is revealed.     

河南某金矿选矿试验研究

矿石中主要回收元素为金,主要为自然金和金银矿且多包裹在脉石矿物中,裂隙金和粒间金分布较少。回收难度较大,对矿样进行了重选、氰化浸出及浸渣浮选试验,获得重选作业金回收率4.75%;氰化浸出作业金回收率51.00%;浸渣浮选作业金回收率为86.78%,金精矿含金40.85 g/t,金矿石的选矿总回收率为93.83%的较好试验指标。     

Uremia: pathophysiologic sequelae and indications for kidney replacement therapy

Mortality in intensive care unit patients with acute renal failure is still high. The reasons for this are not fully understood. Renal failure without other failing organs does not lead to death if treatment is adequate. Uremia is therefore thought to prevent spontaneous recovery from and impedes the treatment of other organ failures. The reasons for this have been elucidated only partially. Of main importance are different kinetics and dynamics of endo- and xenobiotics in uremia. The mechanisms that lead to altered kinetics in such patients are quite clearly understood, while in the field of altered dynamics many questions are open. It is also unclear which accumulating metabolites are responsible for the different dynamics. This is the reason why parameters that would indicate when to start a dialysis procedure in acute renal failure are still lacking. Exceptions are substances known to lead to death if they are present in high concentrations. These substances are mainly potassium, salt and water.     

Update on physical state of bile

Because of recent assertions by a group of investigators that structures called "lamellae" instead of mixed micelles are present in human bile, the nature of biliary cholesterol solubilization and transport ("carriage") has again become a matter of dispute. "Lamellae" are rod- or tubular- shaped banded images observed when biles are negatively stained and dehydrated during electron microscopy; they are believed to be composed principally of biliary phospholipid (which is mostly lecithin) and cholesterol. It is well known that when mixed together in aqueous systems, lecithin and cholesterol, which are otherwise insoluble amphiphilic lipids, swell to form stacked or multilamellar liquid crystals that have regular periodicity because of the bilayer arrangement of the molecules. Provided super-micellar concentrations of cholesterol are present, multilamellar vesicles occur spontaneously in concentrated model biles, and are a frequent occurrence in human gallbladder biles that are beginning to nucleate cholesterol crystals. When multilamellar vesicles are negatively stained and dehydrated, they produce "lamellae" images by electron microscopy. Coincidentally, images of "lamellae" are also produced when purely micellar bile, either model or native is treated similarly. In this review we show that these images are an artifact. This artifact is produced by the dehydration process itself and is due to a phase change i.e. a change in molecular packing which is predicted by the appropriate phase diagram. As a consequence, a dehydrated "lamellae" phase results and the overall effect is an electron microscopic image that is identical to those produced by multilamellar vesicles in supersaturated or lithogenic biles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Perceptual boundedness and perceptual support in conceptual development.

A theoretical framework for describing the role of perceptual information in early conceptual development is presented. In the main section of the article, a general operationalization of perceptual boundedness is introduced, 3 causes of this limitation are identified, the conditions under which infants and children seem to be perceptually bound are formulated, and the mechanisms by which this limitation declines are described. Traditional claims that young children are perceptually bound, as well as contemporary objections to these claims, are often based on the assumption that perceptual information is generally unveridical or insufficient. Recent doubts about this assumption are evaluated in the final section of the article. It is concluded that although realist arguments are untenable, there are limited forms of perceptual support for conceptual development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

热带钢精轧机板形在线设定系统设计

结合1450mm6机架热带钢连轧机板形在线设定系统软件，介绍了该系统的数据通信、多线程编程方法和数据处理等，并推导了弯辊力预设定模型及其补偿系数。通过对现场考核，并分析了系统投入前后大量实测结果的统计情况，证明了设定模型的有效性、数据通信的可靠性和多线程编程方式的优越性。     

Choroidal malignant melanoma

Choroidal nevi are found on routine fundus evaluations in 1% to 2% of patients. It is felt that these usually benign lesions are the precursors of choroidal malignant melanomas. The incidence of choroidal malignant melanoma in the United States is approximately 6 cases per 1 million persons per year. Diagnosis is multifactorial, based on the tumor's funduscopic, angiographic, and ultrasonographic appearance. Once a melanoma is diagnosed in a patient, a complete metastatic workup is performed. A small tumor is observed for change. Medium-sized tumors are treated with radioactive plaque therapy, external beam radiation, or enucleation. Large tumors are treated with enucleation with or without external beam radiation. Studies are underway to establish the optimum form of treatment.     

冷轧带钢表面质量自动检测系统的在线应用研究

介绍一套在精整线上使用的冷轧带表面质量自动检测系统,该系统用在于在线检测划痕,折印,锈斑,辊印等常见的冷轧带钢表面缺陷。系统采用多个面阵CCD摄像头同步采集图像的方式,并通过由LED光源构成的“暗场照明”方式实现对缺陷的检测,系统采用了并行计算机制和多线程机制,并对算法进行了优化,从而满足数据的实时处理要求。     

Analysis of Rim Supports for Off‐Axis Inflatable Reflectors. I: Loads

A structural analysis is performed for the rim support of a pressurized off‐axis paraboloidal membrane, serving as a space‐based solar concentrator. The function of the rim support is to take up the tensile forces created by the stretched membrane. This paper deals with the load analysis. The tensile forces transmitted by the membrane to the rim support are calculated, and are proportional to pb, where p is the inflation pressure and b is one‐half the major axis of the elliptical rim. Next, the internal forces and moments generated in the rim support by the membrane forces are calculated. The compression forces are considerably larger, at any point, than the shear forces; both are proportional to pb2. The bending moments are proportional to pb3. The critical point is found to be at the top of the rim, where both the bending moment and compression force are at their maximum.     

Panic disorder in children and adolescents: new developments, new directions

Reviewed panic attacks and panic disorders in children and adolescents critically and highlighted new developments. It is concluded that panic attacks and panic disorder are common in adolescence and that they are responsive to cognitive-behavioral treatment regimens. It is also concluded that although panic attacks and panic disorder are less common in children, they are nonetheless present. It is important to note, however, that their expression in childhood may vary from the clinical features seen in adolescence and adulthood. Specifically, it is suggested that most panic attacks in childhood are associated with particular events and are not unexpected or "out of the blue." Moreover, noncatastrophic interpretations of the symptoms of panic prevail. A developmental model for the onset, course, and correlates of panic in children is put forth.     

化学品氢氧化铝填料生产线设计优化与实践

介绍了化学品玛瑙级氢氧化铝填料生产的工艺流程以及存在的问题,并针对问题采取了一系列设计优化。实践证明,该工程工艺技术先进,采用了多项新技术、新设备及新材料,全流程采用自动控制,生产的玛瑙填料多项技术指标处于国际领先水平,取得了很好的经济效益。     

A volume-averaged two-phase model for transport phenomena during solidification

A basic model of the transport phenomena occurring during solidification of multicomponent mixtures is presented. The model is based on a two-phase approach, in which each phase is treated separately and interactions between the phases are considered explicitly. The macroscopic transport equations for each phase are derived using the technique of volumetric averaging. The basic forms of the constitutive relations are developed. These relations link the macroscopic transport phenomena to microscopic processes such as microstructure development, interfacial stresses, and interfacial heat and mass transfer. Thermodynamic relations are presented, and it is shown that nonequilibrium effects can be addressed within the framework of the present model. Various simplifications of the model are examined, and future modeling needs are discussed.     

圆锥圆柱齿轮减速器故障原因分析及技术改造

介绍了圆弧圆锥齿轮传动的特点，针对原圆锥圆柱齿轮减速器结构设计和安装中存在的问题，进行分析和优化设计、改进材质和热处理工艺，并对减速器结构进行改造，彻底解决了圆弧齿轮折齿失效等问题，成效显著。     

Ischemic heart disease in the elderly: the role of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting

Management of ischemic heart disease in the elderly is complex. Invasive therapies such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The short-term advantage of PTCA is that its associated noncardiac morbidity and mortality are less than that of CABG, particularly in the incidence of stroke. Unfortunately, PTCA revascularization is less complete and less durable than CABG revascularization. The advantages of CABG are that cardiac revascularization is more complete, the result is more durable, and long-term results are improved over those of PTCA. Conversely, the initial morbidity and mortality are higher for CABG and are adversely affected by factors such as recent myocardial infarction, lung disease, and renal failure. We provide an overview of the results and outcomes of PTCA and CABG in the elderly, as well as suggestions for management.     

井子坳钨银铅锌矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向

江西省上犹县井子坳钨银多金属矿区是20世纪90年代详查评价确定的大型层状矽卡岩型钨银铅锌矿床,其储量:WO3大于5万t、Ag大于1000t,Pb+Zn大于30万t,该矿床的特征和成矿特点对江西南部和近邻地区的找矿均有指导与示范意义。笔者通过矿床地质特征和成矿地质规律的综合分析,对该矿床的成因及控矿因素进行了初步总结,并提出了外围及邻近地区的找矿方向。     

Selection of moving and static objects for the control of spatially directed action.

Research studying visual selective attention has largely examined filtering tasks in which stationary targets are selected from stationary distractors by a physical cue such as location and identity is the reported attribute. During many interactions with the visual environment however, target stimuli are selected by what they are, whereas action is controlled by where the stimulus is located. This study demonstrates that the interference and negative priming effects observed in standard filtering tasks, which suggest that distractors are analyzed and subsequently inhibited during selection, are also observed when targets are selected on the basis of identity and spatial location is the reported attribute. Furthermore, experimental results suggest that inhibition associated with distracting objects in this new task is object-centered, so that if the object is moving through space, inhibition moves with it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铜精矿中铜镍的浸出研究

采用五种体系进行了从铜精矿中浸出铜镍的研究,得出了最佳浸出体系及条件。在催化剂作用下压热氧化浸出,当催化剂浓度为0．2mol/L、起始氧压为0．9－1．0MPa、温度为160℃、浸出时间2．0－3．0h、固液质量体积比为1：6条件下,铜、镍的浸出率分别为98．5％和96．1％。该方法对硫化矿中铜、镍浸出较适用。     

Worm-diseases]

Intestinal parasites are common among labourers from foreign countries and in immigrants. Some worm-infections like ascaridiasis or enterobiasis occur in children quite often even in the cold climates. In cases of ascaridiasis only a heavy infection causes clinical symptoms. The diagnosis is made through the detection of eggs in the stools, as all the other worm-infections are diagnosed from the stool-test. Piperazine-derivatives are highly effective against ascaris; another useful drug is Pyrantel-Pamoate. Toxocara canis, which affects normally only dogs, can occur occasionally in humans. Its larvae migrate in the body and cause granulomas. The main clinical symptom of threadworms (enterobiasis) is itching around the anus. This parasite can be eradicated through Pyrvinium-Pamoate. The first symptom a patient notices in cases of taeniasis are proglottides--parts of the worms--which are passed with the stools. The drug of choice against all kinds of tapeworms is Niclosamide. Hookworms are rampant in tropical countries. Heavy infections can cause severe anemias, especially in children. Bephenium-Naphthoate and Bitoscanate are effective drugs against this parasite. The whipworm (Trichuris trichura) is very common in the warm countries. It can be treated by Tiabendazole and nowadays also with Mebendazole, which is virtually atoxic. Infections with Strongyloides stercoralis are difficult to eradicate, as there are different ways of reinfection. In case an infection with strongyloides is accompanied by other serious diseases cachexia and even fatal outcome has been seen.