Detection and classification of the spliced yarn joint using vector quantization and dynamic time warping

This paper presents an automatic vision based system for unsupervised detection and classification of spliced yarn joint. In the splice detection process, a competitive learning method based on LBG algorithm is used. In the splice classification process, a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm is used to classify the extracted splice joint into one of three degrees of quality based on the degree of similarity between the spliced joint and the non-spliced part of the same yarn. The use of DTW in the classification makes the proposed method adaptable to different types of yarns. Consequently, this method might be globally optimal for classification of all spliced yarn joints. The proposed method has been evaluated using three sorts of experiments. One hundred and twenty images containing different grades of joint quality have been used in the first experiments, where 97.5% detection rate and 95.8% classification accuracy were achieved. In the second experiment, 280 standard images that represent high quality reference images of 12 groups of spliced yarns are used. In this experiment 97.1% detection rate and 100% classification rate have been achieved. Moreover, the method has been tested using the Murata Image Database; this is a large set of high quality images of splice joints for different yarn types.     

Forensic fingerprinting of diamondoids for correlation and differentiation of spilled oil and petroleum products

Diamondoids (adamantanes and diamantanes) are rigid, three-dimensionallyfused cyclohexyl-ring alkane compounds that can be found in almost all crude oils and in most petroleum products. Forforensic environmental investigations, the most commonly used biomarkers are high molecular weight (MW) tri- to pentacyclic terpanes and steranes. Most of these high MW biomarkers, however, are removed from the original crude oil feedstocks during the refining processes, while smaller biomarkers including diamondoids are concentrated in petroleum products. Fingerprinting diamondoids could thus provide another diagnostic means for correlation and differentiation of spilled oils and be particularly valuable for light to midrange distillates, such as jet and diesel fuels, the source of which may be difficult to identify using routine biomarker techniques. In this work, a reliable GC-MS analytical method has been developed for characterization and quantitation of diamondoids. The method detection limits for five target diamondoids were determined to be in the range of 0.06-0.14 microg/g oil. Distributions of diamondoids in over 100 different oils and refined products were quantitatively compared. The concentrations of four groups of target biomarkers were found, in general, to decrease in the order of sesquiterpanes > terpanes and steranes > adamantanes > diamantanes in both crude oils and refined products. A number of indices of admantanes and diamantanes have been developed and assessed as source indicators using their diagnostic powers (DP). The effects of evaporative weathering and biodegradation on alteration of diamondoid distributions have been quantitatively investigated. Finally, a spill case study by statistical evaluation of diagnostic ratios using the "two-tailed" Student's tapproach is presented to illustrate the unique utility of diamondoids for correlation and differentiation of unknown spilled diesels.     

Pattern recognition of eggshell crack using PCA and LDA

The eggshell crack was detected with dynamic frequency response and an egg was excited by a light mechanical impact on different locations of the eggshell. The dominant resonance frequency can be observed using flexible piezoelectric film sensors. The results showed that some frequencies were higher for the cracked eggs, whereas the dominant frequency value was lower for the intact eggs. In normalized power spectrum, the first 10 or 20 features were extracted based on interval frequency (IFM), maximum magnitudes in turn (HVM) and frequencies by magnitudes in turn (MVF), and were used as input of pattern recognition algorithms The pattern recognition was conducted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Intact egg and cracked egg could be distinguished by LDA and PCA using HVM and MVF. More distinguishing effects were obtained based on LDA using 10 MVFs.Industrial relevanceThe examination of cracks on eggshell was usually conducted by floodlighting before, but it gives eye fatigue, makes misjudgment and is not easy to detect hairline crack. The acoustic impulse response method was suggested in this research to measure hairline crack for eggshell using flexible piezoelectric film sensors. The result was found that the acoustic impulse response method can distinguish between intact egg and cracked egg. This research provides a technology detection of cracked egg.     

Rapid assessment of marine pollution using multiple biomarkers and chemical immunoassays

To fully assess the impact of pollutant releases into the environment, it is necessary to determine both the concentration of chemicals accumulating in biota and the biological effects they give rise to. Owing to time, expertise, and cost constraints, this is, however, rarely achieved. Here, quick, simple to perform, and inexpensive biomarkers and chemical immunoassays were combined in a rapid assessment approach to measure exposure to and effects of organic and metal pollutants on the ribbed mussel (Geukensia demmissa) from New Bedford Harbor, MA. Significant differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) tissue residue concentrations were detected among sites using RaPID immunoassay. Selected analyses were verified using GC/MS. No significant differences were observed in metal concentrations (Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Ni) throughout the area. While causality cannot be attributed, multivariate canonical correlation analysis indicated that PCB and PAH concentrations were strongly associated with the induction of biomarkers of genotoxicity (micronucleus formation), immunotoxicity (spontaneous cytotoxicity), and physiological impairment (heart rate). It is concluded thatthe incorporation of chemical immunoassays with biological monitoring tools into routine management procedures is clearly viable and valuable as a means of identifying toxic impacts of pollutants on biota in situ.     

Identification of proteins of the yeast protein map using genetically manipulated strains and peptide-mass fingerprinting

In this study we used genetically manipulated strains in order to identify polypeptide spots of the protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty-two novel polypeptide spots were identified using this strategy. They corresponded to the product of 23 different genes. We also explored the possibilities of using peptide-mass fingerprinting for the identification of proteins separated on our gels. According to this strategy, proteins contained in spots are digested with trypsin and the masses of generated peptides are determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The peptide masses are then used to search a yeast protein database for proteins that match the experimental data. Application of this strategy to previously identified polypeptide spots gave evidence of the feasibility of this approach. We also report predictions on the identities of nine unknown spots using MALDI-MS.     

LSGA600型整浆联合机的性能分析与应用

介绍了新型LSGA600型整浆联合机的主要结构和自动控制系统作用原理,并对该机性能进行了分析。在使用过程中为提高浆纱质量和好轴率,改进了浆料配方和设备,并指出了该设备的不足之处。     

Discrimination of citrus fruits using FT-IR fingerprinting by quantitative prediction of bioactive compounds

High throughput screening of citrus samples containing elevated concentrations of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds was accomplished using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, combined with multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis using FT-IR spectra were able to differentiate seven citrus fruit groups into three distinct clusters corresponding to their taxonomic relationship. Quantitative prediction modeling of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in citrus fruit was established using a partial least squares regression algorithm from the FT-IR spectra. The regression coefficients (R ²) of predicted and estimated values of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were all 0.99. The results indicated that accurate quantitative predictions of total carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were possible from citrus fruit FT-IR spectra, and that the resulting quantitative prediction model might be useful as a rapid selection tool for citrus fruits containing elevated carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds.     

DNA fingerprinting of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction

DNA fingerprints of lactic acid bacteria were generated by polymerase chain reaction using a primer based on the repetitive elements found in the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae (BOX-PCR). The method made it possible to identify 37 isolates from raw milk. industrial starters and yogurt. Differentiation at species, subspecies and strain level was possible for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lb. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Str. thermophilus. BOX-PCR was also applied to studying the strain composition of a starter culture and the direct detection of strains in commercial fermented milk.     

Rapid enrichment and analysis of yeast phosphoproteins using affinity chromatography, 2D-PAGE and peptide mass fingerprinting

A combination of affinity purification, 2D-PAGE and peptide mass fingerprinting was employed to study the phosphoprotein complement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein extracts were first passed through a phosphoprotein affinity column, and the phosphoprotein-enriched eluate fractions were then separated on 2D gels and visualized by staining with SYPRO Ruby. Proteins were excised from the gels and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting; 11/13 protein spots identified from a gel of the phosphoprotein-enriched fraction had prior published evidence indicating that they were phosphoproteins. Additional experiments using a specific stain for phosphoproteins, prior incubation of the protein extract with alkaline phosphatase and blotting with monoclonal antibodies to phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine demonstrated that the phosphoprotein affinity column was an effective method for enriching phosphoproteins. Further validating the method, growth of yeast in the presence of sorbic acid resulted in altered phosphorylation of 17 proteins, 13 of which had prior published evidence that they were phosphoproteins or had ATP binding activity.     

Discovery of systematic responses and potential biomarkers induced by ochratoxin A using metabolomics

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is known to be nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic in rodents when exposed orally. To understand the systematic responses to OTA exposure, GC-MS- and ¹H-NMR-based metabolomic techniques together with histopathological assessments were applied to analyse the urine and plasma of OTA-exposed rats. It was found that OTA exposure caused significant elevation of amino acids (alanine, glycine, leucine etc.), pentose (ribose, glucitol, xylitol etc.) and nucleic acid metabolites (pseudouridine, adenosine, uridine). Moreover, myo-inositol, trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO), pseudouridine and leucine were identified as potential biomarkers for OTA toxicity. The primary pathways included the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the Krebs cycle (TCA), the creatine pathway and gluconeogenesis. The activated PPP was attributed to the high requirements for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is involved in OTA metabolism through cytochrome P450. The elevated gluconeogenesis and TCA suggest that energy metabolism was involved. The up-regulated synthesis of creatinine reveals the elevated catabolism of proteins. These findings provide an overview of systematic responses to OTA exposure and metabolomic insight into the toxicological mechanism of OTA.     

Geographical origin discrimination of wheat kernel and white flour using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy fingerprinting coupled with chemometrics

Wheat kernel and flour with three genotypes across 4 years procured from three different geographical areas of China were analysed using near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics to better classify wheat according to the origin, production year and genotypes, respectively. For this purpose, principle component analysis-linear discriminant analysis and multi-way anova were applied to the NIR data. The best classification percentages were obtained for flour matrix both for geographical origin and production years with the correct percentages of 100% and 73%, respectively. For genotypes, wheat whole kernel showed better classification percentage (98.2%). All the samples were validated using external validation procedure and the obtained percentages were found satisfactory with the average prediction abilities of >85% in all regions indicating the suitability of the developed model. Multivariate anova showed that NIR fingerprints of wheat kernels and flours were significantly influenced by regions, years, genotypes and their interactions. In conclusion, white flour showed better performance in discriminating the geographical origin as compared to wheat whole kernel.     

基于主成分分析结合熵权TOPSIS法的10种食用菌多糖活性评价

该文研究了10种常见的具有良好功能性的食用菌,提取其中的主要活性成分多糖,以体外抗氧化活性及降血脂功能为评价指标,综合评价食用菌多糖的功能特性。采用水提醇沉法提取多糖,对其体外抗氧化及降血脂活性共7项指标比较研究。采用主成分分析结合偏正交最小二乘判别分析（Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA）、熵权法和逼近理想排序法（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS）建立功能评价模型,对食用菌多糖的品质做出综合性评价并进行排序,并通过聚类分析对样本分类。结果显示10种食用菌总糖含量范围为48.61%~64.43%;不同食用菌多糖发挥不同类型的活性功能;主成分分析法提取了2个主成分,累计贡献率达到了86.05%,各主成分的贡献率显示•O2-清除率、•OH清除率和DPPH•清除率是主要的影响因子;熵权TOPSIS法分析得出10种食用菌多糖的相似接近度的大小为0.194~0.882,综合得分显示香菇多糖相似接近度最大,为0.882,发挥的功能特性最优;聚类分析将食用菌多糖依据功能性划分为4个类群。该研究通过构建功能评价体系,筛选具有良好功能的食用菌多糖,为其深入研究提供理论支撑,为开发功能产品奠定理论依据。     

Chemical compositions,extraction technology,and antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract from Abutilon theophrasti Medic. leaves

Petroleum ether extract from Abutilon theophrasti Medic. leaves was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ratio of solvent to material (20.12 mL/g), extraction time (5.45 h), and Soxhlet extraction temperature (61.32°C). And the yield of petroleum ether extract collected in August, September, and October was (2.05 ± 0.02)%, (2.39 ± 0.01)%, and (2.32 ± 0.02)%, respectively. The September and October extracts exhibited a better antioxidant activity, which was proved by DPPH·scavenging ability (IC₅₀ value of 327.5 and 331.5 μg/mL), ABTS^·+ scavenging ability (IC₅₀ value of 170.1 and 182.1 μg/mL), and reducing power (0.31 and 0.28 mmol Fe²⁺/100 μg/mL). Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main antioxidant components contained 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) in three petroleum ether extracts. Therefore, petroleum ether extract from Abutilon theophrasti Medic. leaves can be a potential resource of natural antioxidants in pharmaceutical, medicine, food, and chemical industries.     

Assessment of meat authenticity using bioinformatics,targeted peptide biomarkers and high-resolution mass spectrometry

In recent years a significant increase of food fraud has been observed, ranging from false label claims to the use of additives and fillers to increase profitability. Recently in 2013 horse and pig DNAs were detected in beef products sold from several retailers. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the workhorse in protein research, and the detection of marker proteins could serve for both animal species and tissue authentication. Meat species authenticity is performed in this paper using a well-defined proteogenomic annotation, carefully chosen surrogate tryptic peptides and analysis using a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap MS. Selected mammalian meat samples were homogenised and proteins were extracted and digested with trypsin. The samples were analysed using a high-resolution MS. Chromatography was achieved using a 30-min linear gradient along with a BioBasic C8 100 × 1 mm column at a flow rate of 75 µl min^–1. The MS was operated in full-scan high resolution and accurate mass. MS/MS spectra were collected for selected proteotypic peptides. Muscular proteins were methodically analysed in silico in order to generate tryptic peptide mass lists and theoretical MS/MS spectra. Following a comprehensive bottom-up proteomic analysis, we detected and identified a proteotypic myoglobin tryptic peptide (120–134) for each species with observed m/z below 1.3 ppm compared with theoretical values. Moreover, proteotypic peptides from myosin-1, myosin-2 and β-haemoglobin were also identified. This targeted method allowed comprehensive meat speciation down to 1% (w/w) of undesired product.     

SFJ235地毯整经机的结构与特征

SFJ235地毯整经机是江苏射阳纺机股份有限公司与四川银河地毯股份有限公司在消化吸收国外同类产品的基础上共同开发生产的我国第一台地毯整经机,它是直接整理机的一种。     

Element fingerprinting of Okanagan Valley wines using ICP-MS: Relationships between wine composition, vineyard and wine colour

Analysis of elements in wines by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) may help protect prestigious wineries from counterfeit wines and permit source confirmation for government certification. Thirty-three elements were determined in 17 white and 10 red wines from 13 Okanagan Valley (B.C, Canada) wineries. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) shows that red wines are similar to red wines and white wines similar to white wines. Apparently processing (contact between must and skins during fermentation) affects Li, Zn, Mo, Mg, Ba, Ca and P. However, wines from grapes from the same vineyard tend to be most similar, regardless of the vintage, grape variety or winery that processed the grapes. This implies that wine element 'fingerprints' are relict soil signatures that survive metabolic and winery processing. Elements in wines behave according to geochemical water solubility principals indicating that soil Eh, pH and complexion agents affect element uptake. There is no clear relationship between vintage year or grape variety and wine element composition. However, discriminant analysis indicates that combinations of elements (˜6) from several geochemical groups can accurately classify the wines according to vineyard. Twenty-five elements (Cu, Ni, Ca, Fe, B, Mg, As, Sb, Mn, Sn, P, Al, Zn, U, Sr, Cr, S, Co, Ba, La, Mo, Ti, Pb, Ce and V), determined with high precision by ICP-MS, correlate strongly with vineyard of origin. The limited number of wines available for study requires that conclusions be confirmed with future testing.     

Tracking petroleum refinery emission events using lanthanum and lanthanides as elemental markers for PM2.5

Fine particulate matter levels at four air sampling stations in the Houston, TX area are apportioned to quantify the impact of emissions from a local refinery during a reported emission event. Through quantification of lanthanum and lanthanides using a recently developed analytical technique, the impacts of emissions from fluidized-bed catalytic cracking (FCC) units are quantitatively tracked across the Houston region. The results show a significant (33-106-fold) increase in contributions of FCC emissions to PM2.5 compared with background levels associated with routine operation. This impact from industrial emissions to ambient air quality occurs simultaneously with a larger, regional haze episode that lead to elevated PM2.5 concentrations throughout the entire region. By focusing on detailed chemical analysis of unique maker metals (lanthanum and lanthanides), the impact of emissions from the FCC unit was tracked from the local refinery that reported the emission event to a site approximately 50 km downwind, illustrating the strength of the analytical method to isolate an important source during a regional haze episode not related to the emission event. While this source apportionment technique could separate contributions from FCC emissions, improved time-resolved sampling is proposed to more precisely quantify the impacts of transient emission events on ambient PM2.5.