虚平面映射:深度图像内部视点的绘制技术

首先推导与归纳了图像三维变换中像素深度场的变换规律,同时提出了基于深度场和极线原则的像素可见性别方法,根据上述理论和方法,提出一种基于深度图像的建模与绘制(image-based modeling and rendering,简称IBMR)技术,称为虚平面映射.该技术可以基于图像空间内任意视点对场景进行绘制.绘制时,先在场景中根据视线建立若干虚拟平面,将源深度图像中的像素转换到虚平面上,然后通过对虚平面上像素的中间变换,将虚平面转换成平面纹理,再利用虚平面的相互拼接,将视点的成像以平面纹理映射的方式完成.新方法还能在深度图像内侧,基于当前视点快速获得该视点的全景图,从而实现视点的实时漫游.新方法视点运动空间大、存储需求小,且可以发挥图形硬件的纹理映射功能,并能表现物体表面的三维凹凸细节和成像视差效果,克服了此前类似算法的局限和不足.     

基于深度引导空洞填补的虚拟视点绘制方法

针对单视点绘制虚拟视点图像存在的空洞问题,提出一种基于深度引导空洞修复的虚拟视点绘制方法。核心思想是通过对多个映射像素点的深度信息和空间位置信息进行加权插值操作来实现细小的空洞填充,并且分区域对大型空洞填补。在像素点插值的过程中,该方法首先考虑映射像素点的可靠性,剔除不可靠的像素点,从而减少错误的映射像素点。在填补大型空洞中,继承基于样本图像修复算法的优点,并引入深度信息来辅助空洞填补,以较为准确的方式来修复图像。实验结果表明,无论是主观视觉效果,还是客观值都要比Criminisi算法要好。     

基于特征点检测的最佳视点选择方法

针对三维模型视点选择问题,提出了基于特征点检测的最佳视点选择方法。算法首先根据三维网格模型的顶点邻接区域信息计算顶点的局部高度,即顶点的显著度大小;然后基于顶点的局部高度值大小,结合非极大值抑制算法进行三维模型表面特征点检测;最后针对视点球体上的每个候选视点分析该视点下可见特征点的几何分布信息,计算视点质量,从而筛选出最佳视点。实验结果验证了基于特征点检测的三维模型视点选择方法的合理性和优越性,所选择的最佳视点能够提供三维模型较多的几何结构和视觉特征信息。     

一种面向视点绘制的深度图像后处理方法

基于深度图像的绘制是三维视频系统中的一项关键技术。然而,深度编码失真会对后续虚拟视点绘制的性能产生极大的影响。提出了一种面向虚拟视点绘制的深度图像后处理方法,利用基于置信区间的交点规则确定深度图像中每个像素点的滤波窗口,利用最小均方逼近多项式技术估计每个像素点的深度值,再利用加权模式滤波器对估计的深度图像进行滤波处理,得到深度滤波图像。实验结果表明,该方法能够精确地恢复出真实深度信息,提高虚拟视点图像的绘制性能。     

基于特征点检测的三维模型最佳视点选择

针对三维模型最佳视点选择问题,提出了一种基表面特征点检测的视点选择算法。首先引入一种基于局部平均形心距离差的顶点显著性度量方法,认为三维网格模型表面某顶点的显著性是由该顶点与形心之间距离和该顶点邻域内的顶点与形心之间距离的平均差值来刻画,而不是该点所在位置的弯曲程度所决定;然后根据顶点的显著性大小进行三维模型表面特征点检测;最后针对视点球体上的每个候选视点分析该视点下可见特征点的几何分布和显著度大小计算视点质量,提取出最佳视点。实验结果验证了基于三维模型特征点的视点选择方法的有效性,在能够选择出质量较优的视点的同时保证算法的效率。     

三维模型表面特征的水墨效果渲染算法

提出一种对三维模型实现水墨效果渲染的两步二维纹理映射方法.该方法首先通过模型顶点的视线向量和法线向量的点乘积计算其夹角的余弦值,作为第一步的纹理坐标进行映射;再通过欧拉公式计算径向曲率及其方向导数值,作为第二步映射的纹理坐标.为达到实时的交互浏览,在第二步映射时还可采用基于视点无关的曲率特征的映射策略(如平均曲率、高斯曲率、主曲率等).在快速生成水墨画效果的同时也显示出更多的特征细节.     

一种基于深度和颜色的3D表面重建方法

为了快速、有效地对三维物体的表面进行重建，提出了一种基于深度和颜色的3D表面重建方法。该方法利用同一物体在空间稀疏分布的不同视点下的多幅深度图像，根据3D物体表面同一点在不同深度图像上颜色和纹理的一致性，通过逆投影变换，可将图像中像素点映射到三维空间中的正确位置。然后在以物体为中心的单个坐标系下，进行数据融合，可得到三维物体表面各点的三维数据。实验结果表明该方法具有复杂度恒定、获取图像真实感强等优点，适用于形状、结构草杂的物体重建。     

基于分层图像融合的虚拟视点绘制算法

针对虚拟视点绘制过程中出现的重叠和空洞问题,提出一种新的虚拟视点绘制算法。通过形态学操作对三维图像变换后出现的空洞进行膨胀来消除伪影瑕疵,根据深度信息对左、右虚拟视点图像进行前景和背景分割,利用线性加权法对分割后的前景图像和背景图像进行分层融合解决像素重叠问题,对分层融合后的背景图像进行空洞填充并与前景图像融合得到虚拟视点图像。实验结果表明,与经典的Criminisi算法相比,该算法PSNR值提高了1.75 dB,具有较高的绘图质量。     

基于区域特征距离加权的三维地形建模方法

为了提高三维虚拟场景中三维地形真实感效果,提出了基于区域特征的距离加权的三维地形建模方法。首先,根据采样点数据的高程值对采样点数据进行分类,建立分类数据与插值点数量映射关系;然后,结合Diamond-square细分法求取插值点坐标数据,求得距离加权因子;最后,通过判断插值点的区域特征建立距离加权计算方程,以保证插值点间的平滑性和连贯性。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与传统地形建模方法相比,该方法能够提高三维地形的真实感,同时地形绘制速度提高20%。     

基于梯度模分布的视点选择

在三维体数据的可视化中,信息的获取不仅与传输函数的设置有关,而且与用户观察的视点有关.提出一种新的应用直接体绘制来可视化体数据时最佳视点的选择算法,通过计算梯度模在图像上的分布,寻找梯度模分布最为均匀且投影面积最大的视点方向,同时,在视域球上离散采样得到初始视点墒分布后,使用自适应步长的梯度下降法来优化全局最佳视点方向.实验结果证实了所提出方法能够有效地找到最佳视点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.