浅议黄河郑州段防洪非工程措施建设

为使防洪工程措施充分发挥效益，郑州市黄河河务局在防汛工作中积极探索，不断加强防洪非工程措施建设，加大群防工作检查力度，成功地建设了“三位一体”军民联防体系，建立了“滩区迁安明白卡”制度以及河务局全员岗位责任制，建设了机动抢险队和防汛民兵营。指出：①防汛工作无小事，防汛准备无止境；②防汛工作是具有社会效益的全民行为；③依法防汛，落实防汛抢险行政首长负责制是做好防汛抢险工作的关键；④巡堤查险是及早发现并处理险情的关键；⑤纪律严明、作风顽强、技术过硬的抢险队伍是防汛抢险的中坚力量。     

石家庄市洪灾成因及防治对策

通过石家庄市洪灾形成原因的分析，提出了加快源头治理，防治水土流失，以及骨干防洪工程治理，加强重点城镇的防洪建设，制定，完善防洪抢险预案，加强灾情预报系统建设，依法防汛等治理措施与防治对策。     

堤防管理信息化面临的问题及对策

信息是正确分析和判断防汛形势、科学地制定防汛抢险调度方案的依据。堤防管理信息化的建设，将大大提高雨情、水情、工情和灾情信息采集的准确性及传输的时效性，对其发展趋势做出及时、准确的预测和预报，为决策部门制定防汛抢险调度方案提供科学依据。     

我省举行防汛抢险汇报演练

为做好今年的防汛准备工作，熟悉使用防汛抢险新材料，提高我省抢险人员的抢险能力，推动我省防汛抢险专业化建设．4月7日上午，省防汛防旱指挥部联合南京市防指等单位在南京六合红山窑水利枢纽举办了2006年防汛抢险汇报演练。     

江苏防汛抢险专业队伍建设探索

防汛抗洪抢险的实践证明,防汛抢险专业队伍是防汛抗洪紧急抢险的骨干力量。本文针对江苏省防汛抢险专业队伍建设的现状和面临的问题,对防汛抢险专业队伍建设的原则和措施进行了探索。     

未雨绸缪 全力抢险——晋城市2007年防汛抗洪纪实

近年来，晋城市水利局坚持以人为本的科学发展观，贯彻“安全第一，常备不懈，以防为主，全力抢险”的工作方针，围绕防汛抗旱“两个转变”，未雨绸缪、统筹调度、科学决策，大力实施“兴水战略”，加快水利基础设施建设步伐，科学调配水资源，不断增强防洪抗旱能力，提高水利行业服务水平，为服务晋城市经济又快又好发展和社会主义新农村建设做出了积极贡献。     

旬阳严格防汛值班确保信息畅通

近日．旬阳水利局采取三项举措，就防汛抢险队伍的组建、集结以及防汛抢险车辆、船舶的调集等进行了明确，强化了防汛抢险队伍建设。     

石家庄市洪灾成因及防治对策

通过石家庄市洪灾形成原因的分析,提出了加快源头治理,防治水土流失,以及骨干防洪工程治理,加强重点城镇的防洪建设,制定、完善防洪抢险预案,加强灾情预报系统建设,依法防汛等治理措施与防治对策。     

大汶河琵琶山河段抢险的启示

对2003年9月大汶河干流琵琶山拦河坝发生的滚河险情进行了分析，得到几点启尔：①建立防汛抢险现场调度指挥系统非常必要；②合理搭配抢险力量是保证连续作战的基础；③就地取材，适时适地运用抢险方法，才能掌握抢险的主动权；④最大限度地发挥机械化抢险的作用，是最明智的选择；⑤抢险用料物的质量好坏关系到抗洪抢险的成败；⑥多植树，为防汛抢险储备料源。     

陕西省防汛机动抢险专业队建设现状与发展思考

陕西省防汛机动抢险专业队作为西北唯一一家省级防汛抢险专业队伍,以承担三门峡库区防汛抢险和防洪工程建设维修为主,同时承担省内其它防汛抢险特殊任务。多年来,在省防总和省江河水库管理局的正确领导和大力支持下,充分发挥防汛抢险主力军作用,圆满完成了各类防汛抗洪抢险任务,已经成长成为省内一支不可或缺的抗洪抢险骨干力量。在当前防汛形势日趋严峻的情况下,进一步加强防汛机动抢险专业队建设,全面提高抢险队应急抢险能力,已经成为做好防汛工作的一项重要任务。     

生物预处理技术在嘉兴地区给水厂的应用比较

对嘉兴地区主要给水厂近年来应用立体弹性填料、LT型悬浮球填料、YS型悬浮填料、卵石填料等的生物预处理工艺从填料及配套设施、工艺运行参数、运行效果、成本等方面进行了比较.认为弹性填料生物预处理更适用于低浊(50 NTU以下)、低氨氮(1.5 mg/L以下)原水,LT型悬浮球填料生物预处理适用于低中浊(100 NTU以下)、低中氨氮(2.5 mg/L以下)原水,YS型悬浮填料生物预处理及"SAF"滤池对低浊、中高氨氮(2.5 mg/L以上)原水有较好的适应性.最后探讨了弹性填料存在的短流、积泥,悬浮填料存在的部分填料流化不均匀,富氧的生物工艺单元内水生动物泛滥等问题.     

中国部分河口及其近海水域缺氧现象研究

对长江、珠江等河口及其近海水域缺氧现象与影响因素进行研究,结果表明,主要分布于长江与珠江河口及其邻近海域的缺氧现象,夏季(6—8月)达到最盛,秋冬季消失;长江口的缺氧区域主要位于30.75°N~32°N,122.5°E~123.25°E附近海域,具有南北2个缺氧中心;珠江口缺氧程度相对较轻,缺氧区域主要在广州黄埔区河段至虎门水域和伶仃洋;辽河、钱塘江、海河等河口区域也时而出现零星的缺氧现象;水体缺氧受控于多项环境要素,物理层化作用是缺氧产生的最初诱因之一,陆源污染物的分解则是重要的耗氧负荷;各河口区特征各异,潮汐、洋流、营养盐、叶绿素a等要素对缺氧区的范围、程度和持续时间影响程度不一。     

无资料流域水文预报(PUB计划)研究进展

无资料流域水文预报，简称为PUB(Predictions in Ungaugecl Basins)，从2003年7月开始成为国际水文科学学会新的国际水文十年计划主题．文中首先简述了PUB计划的主要研究内容，然后回顾了国际和国内已有的PUB研究进展，最后展望了对水文学发展有重要意义的几个PUB前沿研究，包括不确定性研究、对水循环各个环节因素的预报和对无资料流域水文过程的预报。     

Changes in urban stream channels in Zimbabwe

Although channel change has been documented downstream of urban areas there have been few previous studies which have focused upon the spatial variation of erosion and upon examples of such channel change in tropical areas. In the Avondale stream basin, which includes part of Harare the capital of Zimbabwe the way in which the channel network has evolved from the extensive dambo system in the period 1891 to 1984 is reconstructed showing that drainage density which was initially between 0.35 and 0.80 km km^?2 has increased to 3.15 km km^?2 including stormwater drains. Characteristics of erosion of the modified urban channels are described and the downstream reaches indicate an average channel widening of 1.7 times involving average rates of bank erosion of 0.33 m per year. Peak discharge is estimated from channel characteristics to be increased to two times former values and it is concluded that channel type and the relationship of channel change to the accommodation of peak discharges requires further research.     

北京某学校雨水利用设计

以北京市某中学为例,介绍一种学校雨水利用的方法。根据校区水量平衡计算结果,对利用校园内汇集的雨水作为冲厕、绿化和景观用水等进行设计;采取相应的技术措施,对雨水径流的污染进行控制,保障所利用雨水的水质达到要求,并采用生态净化的方式,使学校景观水体循环起来。虽然雨水利用工程投资较高,但其社会和环境效益显著。     

水利高性能计算的进展

针对水利信息化对精细模拟与高性能运算提出的愈来愈高的要求,在简单介绍高性能计算的硬件、软件环境及其在水利上的几个应用实例后,着重介绍了并行有限元法、并行边界元法的一些进展以及网格技术的最新进展。指出从网络到网格是高性能计算发展的最新方向,应以网格平台支持、促进水利信息化进程。     

中国内地水库淤积的差异性分析

为了解水库的淤积现状,根据115座具有代表性的中国内地水库淤积资料,对这些水库按类型和区域进行统计分析,结果表明,中小型水库比大型水库淤积严重,不同流域水库淤积的空间差异明显,黄河中下游地区水库淤积比例最大,西南地区水库年均淤积率最大。截止到2003年,根据代表性水库淤积的计算结果推算出中国内地水库的平均淤积比例约为20%,库容年均淤积率为0.76%,相当于每年损失1座库容近42.3亿m3的超大型水库。     

Trends in ecological river engineering in Korea

Ecological river engineering can be defined as the design and implementation of river works and river restoration works for the benefit of human society. It also guarantees the sustainable ecological functions of a river, such as its habitats and self-purification of its water. It is currently in the beginning stages in Korea, utilizing scientific knowledge on the processes of aquatic ecosystem degeneration and a methodology for solving the ecological problems in artificially altered rivers currently under development. The changes in river management and work practices in Korea may be best explained with a chronologically progressing sequence of ‘Natural’, ‘Disaster-prevention’, ‘Occupied’, ‘Park’, and ‘Close-to-nature’ rivers. Since the 1960s, the focus on river management and work has shifted from flood control only, to both flood control and riverine habitat conservation and restoration. Five research topics have been selected for this article, and the progress of each research area is briefly described with a representative picture in each topic. They are as follows: (1) flow resistance due to vegetation, (2) environmental flow, (3) floodplain vegetation modeling, (4) small dam removal, and (5) river restoration. For the future prospects of research on ecological river engineering in Korea, a necessity of further research on floodplain vegetation recruitment and succession, which can explain the so-called ‘white river’ and ‘green river’, is underlined, among others. Finally, two ongoing large research programs on river ecosystem restoration, of which are sponsored by the Government of Korea, are briefly introduced, followed by the introduction of a near-prototype experiment facility recently completed mainly for research on ecological river engineering.     

吉林省2001年汛期降水量趋势预测

本文根据历年6－9月降水量距平值累计曲线和历年6－9月降水量特征值变化，对我省今后汛期全省各地区降水趋势及降水量进行了预测，可供有关部门参考。     

Lake—Wide Seasonal Changes in Limnological Conditions in Lake Michigan in 1976

Data collected on lake-wide cruises in 1976 were used to study seasonal and vertical variations in water temperature, transparency, chlorophyll a, and nutrients in Lake Michigan. Data were analyzed according to subsets corresponding to the northern and southern open lake. Comparisons (t-tests) of data from the open lake indicated that the average water temperature was cooler and average water transparency was greater in the northern lake than in the southern, but with the exception of total phosphorus, average nutrient concentrations did not differ between the northern and southern parts. It was found that physical-chemical characteristics of nearshore and Straits of Mackinac stations differed significantly from open lake stations. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the open lake were related to seasonal and vertical changes in silica and nitrate nitrogen. The spring phytoplankton bloom occurred before the lake was strongly stratified thermally. After thermal stratification was well developed, epilimnetic concentrations of chlorophyll a decreased, probably due to some combination of nutrient limitation and zooplankton grazing, and maximum chlorophyll a concentrations were found below the thermocline. Epilimnetic silica concentrations decreased after thermal stratification and diatoms were replaced in the phytoplankton assemblage by green and blue-green algae in late summer. Total phosphorus averaged only 8 μg/L on a lake-wide basis and thus only small but significant reductions in absolute concentration can be expected from phosphorus control programs. However, over a period of several years, these small reductions in concentration may be difficult to verify from total phosphorus measurements which have relatively large sampling errors and variances.