Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre

Optimised compression of femtosecond fibre laser pulses in highly nonlinear fibre is demonstrated. Specifically reported are compressed pulse durations below 30 fs using a simple setup where a single sub-10 cm segment of highly nonlinear fibre is directly spliced to the output pigtail of a commercial femtosecond fibre laser. The compressed pulse quality is confirmed through frequency resolved optical gating measurements.     

Femtosecond soliton generation over a 32-nm wavelength range usinga dispersion-flattened dispersion-decreasing fiber

The compression characteristics at femtosecond durations are compared for dispersion-decreasing fibers (DDF's) constructed out of standard step index fibers and fibers designed to have low third-order dispersion (dispersion-flattened fibers). It is shown that the dispersion slope of a standard fiber causes the compressed pulse spectrum to vary substantially with wavelength. Furthermore, the peak of the compressed pulse spectrum can appear in a different wavelength band than the input pulse. Both of these problems are substantially reduced by using a dispersion-flattened DDF. The compression of 3-3.6-ps pulses to durations less than 180 fs was achieved between 1533-1565 nm at a repetition rate of 10 GHz. The shortest pulses obtained were 98 fs with peak-to-pedestal ratios in excess of 20 dB     

利用块状介质进行飞秒强激光脉冲的腔外压缩

高强度飞秒激光脉冲的腔外压缩是获得高次谐波阿秒脉冲驱动源的必要手段.实验研究了超强超短飞秒激光脉冲在经过块状介质后的光谱展宽和色散补偿压缩现象.单脉冲能量0.26 mJ,脉宽50 fs的激光脉冲经透镜在空气中聚焦后再入射到块状材料上,出射脉冲光谱被展宽到接近40 nm.由于在块状材料中的自聚焦效应,出射光束质量变好并保持较小的空间啁啾.利用熔融石英棱镜对补偿带有正色散的出射脉冲,最后得到＞0.1 mJ,19 fs的压缩脉冲.利用SPIDER装置测量了出射脉冲的脉宽和光谱相位.整个系统的能量效率大约为35%,压缩后的激光脉冲具有很好的空间分布和平滑的时域包络.实验结果实现了利用块状材料对飞秒激光脉冲的腔外压缩,这种方法将适用于对更高能量飞秒脉冲的压缩.     

Propagation characteristics of femtosecond pulses in erbium-dopedmonomode optical fibers

The spectral and temporal characteristics of femtosecond optical pulses (durations of ~120 fs, wavelength of 1.5 μm) propagating in erbium-doped monomode fibers have been experimentally studied in detail. Distinct spectral broadening and shifting processes have been observed for three types of fibers (two different dopant concentrations and one erbium-free sample for comparison). Whereas only a small amount of spectral broadening occurs in the Er-free fiber, there is a major spectral extension (1.3-1.7 μm) for the low-doped erbium fiber, in which a self-phase-modulation mediated four-wave-mixing process has been observed. Autocorrelation data for the exiting pulses indicate the existence of strong pulse shaping and breakup effects in the Er-doped fibers     

Compression of femtosecond optical pulses with dielectric multilayer interferometers

The group velocity dispersion of a multilayer thin film Gires-Tournois interferometer used for reflection of ultrashort optical pulses can be continuously tuned from positive to negative values at an extremely low loss in pulse energy. Thus, this device can be applied for compression of femtosecond pulses independent of the sign of the frequency chirp by simple angle tuning of the interferometer. This has been demonstrated with up-chirped 210 fs pulses which have been compressed to an almost transform-limited duration of 115 fs.     

掺氧化镁铌酸锂晶体中高强度近红外飞秒激光脉冲线性电光效应

数值研究了掺氧化镁铌酸锂晶体中高强度近红外飞秒激光脉冲的线性电光效应。研究结果发现,当在垂直于晶体光轴的方向上施加一定外电场使光脉冲实现最强的电光耦合时,输出脉宽在正常色散区随着输入光强的增大而增大;而在较强反常色散区,输出脉宽随着输入光强增大而减小。对中心波长λ0=1.6335μm的光脉冲,线性电光效应可使输出脉宽产生压缩。当输入脉宽T0=5fs和光强I0=20GW/cm2时,最小输出脉宽为输入脉宽T0的0.76倍。而当T0>5fs时,最小输出脉宽小于0.76T0。若在晶体光轴方向上施加另一个电场对光脉冲进行相位调制,则最小输出脉宽的光脉冲中心波长发生蓝移或红移;随着外电场的增大,蓝移或红移量相应增大。     

Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-coloredfemtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers

Wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond (fs) soliton pulse generation is proposed and demonstrated for the first time, using passively mode-locked fs fiber laser and polarization maintaining fibers. The wavelengths of the two soliton pulses can be changed arbitrarily by varying the power and polarization direction of the fiber-input pulse. Ideal two colored soliton pulses in which the pulsewidths are about 200 fs are generated in the wavelength region of 1.56-1.70 μm for 110-m fiber. The generated pulses are almost transform-limited ones     

Femtosecond soliton transmission characteristics in an ultralongerbium-doped fiber amplifier with different pumping configurations

The transmission characteristics of femtosecond optical solitons in an 18.2 km-long erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in detail by changing the pumping configuration. With backward pumping, a lossless transmission of 440 fs solitons at 1.55 μm has been realized with a pump power of 16 mW. The output pulsewidth is determined by the spectrum modified by the soliton self-frequency shift. In a bidirectional pumping configuration, 440-fs soliton pulses have been transmitted for a total pump power of 38 mW, where the output pulse width is determined by the original 1.55 μm spectrum. Although a femtosecond soliton is very weakly trapped in the EDFA-gain bandwidth of 1.55 μm and the soliton self-frequency shift inevitably occurs, the femtosecond pulse component still exists at 1.55 μm, and a pulse can be successfully transmitted with a gain of 11 dB and very little pulse broadening     

High pak power femtosecond pulses from modelocked semiconductor laser in external cavity

The generation of high peak power femtosecond pulses from an all semiconductor laser system is demonstrated. The system is based on a passively modelocked two-section laser diode in an external cavity, a tapered amplifier and a compact external pulse compressor. Pulse durations are achieved below 600 fs with an average optical power above 500 mW at a repetition rate of 330 MHz. This corresponds to a peak power of 2.5 kW, which is the highest value reported for an all semiconductor ultrafast laser system so far.     

基于反射式达曼光栅的频率分辨光学开关装置

采用反射式达曼光栅对飞秒激光进行分束,可以避免材料色散的影响.搭建了利用反射式1×2达曼光栅为基础的频率分辨光学开关(FROG)装置,并把测量结果与传统多发频率分辨光学开关装置的测量结果进行了对比.理论和实验结果表明,当输入脉冲宽度大于50 fs时,用达曼光栅作为分光器和使用分光镜分光的效果是一样的;当输入脉冲的宽度小于50 fs时,用达曼光栅作为分光器引入的展宽量明显小于分光镜引入的展宽量,尤其是当输入脉冲的宽度小于20 fs时用达曼光栅作为分光器的效果更为突出.     

频率分辨光学开关法测量飞秒脉冲

阐述了频率分辨光学开关法测量飞秒脉冲的原理,详细分析了模式尺寸效应和非线性效应对飞秒脉冲测量的影响.构建了一台用于飞秒脉冲测量的二次谐波-频率分辨光学开关装置,利用该装置对谐振腔输出的飞秒脉冲及压缩后的脉冲进行了测量.得到了飞秒脉冲的时间宽度及光谱宽度、电场及其相位在时域和频域的详细信息.谐振腔直接输出脉冲的时间宽度为56 fs,光谱宽度为27 nm,时间带宽积为0.686,算法中的最小误差为0.001792.脉冲压缩后的测量结果为27 fs,光谱宽度为92 m,时间带宽积为1.27,算法误差为0.0093289.     

Compact system of wavelength-tunable femtosecond soliton pulsegeneration using optical fibers

Using passively mode-locked femtosecond (fs) fiber laser and polarization maintaining fibers, the compact system of wavelength-tunable femtosecond (fs) fundamental soliton pulse generation is realized. The monocolored soliton pulse, not multicolored ones, with the ideal sech² shape is generated, and its wavelength can be linearly shifted by varying merely the fiber-input power in the wide wavelength region of 1.56-1.78 μm for a 75-m fiber. The soliton pulses of less than 200 fs are generated with the high conversion efficiency of 75%-85%. This system can be widely used as a portable and practical wavelength-tunable fs optical pulse sources     

Ultrashort Pulses From a Mode-Locked Diode-Oscillator Yb-Fiber-Amplifier System

Ultrashort optical pulses are generated using a hybrid master oscillator power amplifier source. Pulses 2.2 ps in duration generated by a two-contact, bent-waveguide passively mode-locked semiconductor laser are amplified in a ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier to an average power of 0.8 W. External pulse compression yields durations as low as 765 fs with peak powers as high as 0.9kW. Amplification of the harmonically mode-locked diode output has also been demonstrated at the eighth harmonic     

Femtosecond Cr/sup 4+/:YAG laser with 4 GHz pulse repetition rate

The construction of a compact, high-repetition-rate femtosecond Cr/sup 4+/:YAG laser is reported. Transform-limited pulses as short as 80 fs were generated at pulse repetition frequencies up to 4 GHz. The femtosecond pulses were tunable from centre wavelengths of 1505 to 1550 nm.     

Silicon Photonic Nanowire Soliton-Effect Compressor at 1.5 $mu$m

Soliton-effect compression of femtosecond optical pulses in a silicon photonic nanowire at 1.5 mum is numerically investigated. A region of anomalous group velocity dispersion, small third-order dispersion, and large nonlinearity of silicon is used to show compression of 30-fs input pulses to 1 fs. Large nonlinearity of silicon allows for compression of input pulses with subnanojoule energies.     

飞秒激光脉冲的腔外压缩

为了获得更高的时间分辨率,更短的飞秒脉冲,采用双棱镜和一个平面镜结构对飞秒激光脉冲进行腔外压缩,构建了一台二次谐波频率分辨光学开关装置,对谐振腔输出的飞秒脉冲及压缩后的脉冲进行了测量,取得了脉冲压缩前和压缩后的实验数据,压缩前脉冲的宽度为89fs,脉冲的时间带宽积为0.9096,误差为2.4‰,输入脉冲的平均功率约为480mW;脉冲压缩后的测量结果为22fs,光谱宽度为43nm,时间带宽积为0.44203,误差为1.1‰,压缩脉冲的平均功率约为250mW.压缩比为4:1,高于有关文献的报道.结果表明,该装置实现了飞秒脉冲腔外压缩,对获得更短的飞秒脉冲是有帮助的.     

Sub-100 fs Kerr lens modelocked Cr4+:YAG laser

Sub-100 fs pulse generation from a Kerr lens modelocked Cr⁴⁺ :YAG laser has been demonstrated for the first time, yielding femtosecond pulses tunable from 1.49 to 1.56 μm with pulses as short as 90 fs obtained at 1.53 μm     

飞秒强激光的拉曼延迟克尔非线性效应研究

飞秒强脉冲激光具有高功率、窄脉宽和宽光谱等特点,其在大气传输过程中涉及很多线性和非线性的物理机制,高阶效应对传输将产生一系列重要的影响.采用数值方法求解包含拉曼延迟响应的非线性传输方程,研究了与拉曼延迟响应时间相当的、具有几十飞秒脉宽的飞秒强激光大气传输中拉曼延迟克尔非线性效应引起的非线性折射率变化、自聚焦和光谱展宽特...     

基于多台阶反射光栅的飞秒脉冲压缩装置

反射式光栅对是一种具有负色散性质的器件,可用于飞秒激光脉冲的压缩和展宽,具有无材料色散的优点。给出了一种基于多台阶反射光栅的脉冲压缩装置。该装置为倍密度光栅结构,由两个周期分别为40μm和20μm的四台阶反射式光栅组成。实验得到的衍射效率可以达到70%以上,输入脉冲经过两个光栅的衍射后会按原路返回,从而达到色散补偿的效果。利用此压缩装置,脉冲宽度为66.8 fs的输入脉冲压缩至接近傅里叶变换极限脉冲,即46.6 fs,由此证明只要多台阶光栅效率足够高,此装置就有可能成为不同于棱镜对进行飞秒脉冲腔内和腔外压缩的另一种途径。     

Low-loss GaInNAs saturable Bragg reflector for mode-locking of a femtosecond Cr/sup 4+/ : forsterite-laser

A GaInNAs saturable Bragg reflector is used to mode-lock a Cr/sup 4+/ : forsterite solid-state laser. This low-loss saturable absorber mediates the generation of tunable femtosecond pulses having durations as short as 62 fs in the 1300-nm spectral region.