栉孔扇贝白细胞介素-2及其受体和白细胞介素-12的免疫组化定位

采用免疫组化技术对栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）血细胞及各主要器官组织中的白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素2受体（IL-2R）和白细胞介素12（IL-12）进行了定性定位研究。结果表明,栉孔扇贝血淋巴中的部分血细胞呈IL-2免疫反应阳性和IL-12弱阳性,血淋巴中的所有血细胞均呈IL-2R强阳性。外套膜、鳃、唇瓣和口唇等器官内少量细胞呈IL-2和IL-12免疫反应弱阳性,其他大部分细胞呈IL-2和IL-12阴性;肝脏肝小叶细胞分别呈IL-2和IL-12免疫反应强阳性和阳性。外套膜、鳃、唇瓣和口唇等器官的上皮及结缔组织呈IL-2R阳性或弱阳性,结缔组织内的血窦、血管内皮和血细胞呈IL-2R免疫反应强阳性;肝脏肝小叶细胞呈IL-2R强阳性或极强阳性;生殖腺表层部分细胞也呈IL-2R强阳性;神经节内的部分神经纤维和脑神经节表层部分小细胞呈IL-2R免疫反应弱阳性。栉孔扇贝体内的IL-2、IL-2R和IL-12可能在其免疫调节中发挥重要作用。     

栉孔扇贝酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶的组织化学研究

采用酶组织化学方法对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)各主要器官组织中的酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶(ANAE)进行了定性定位研究。结果表明，栉孔扇贝的大部分器官，包括：外套膜、鳃、唇瓣、口唇、胃、肠、直肠、肝脏、肾脏、生殖腺、心脏和闭壳肌，其上皮组织和大血窦多呈很强的ANAE阳性( )；血细胞呈ANAE强阳性( )；结缔组织和肌纤维呈ANAE较强阳性( )或弱阳性( )；肝脏肝小叶呈较强的ANAE阳性；肾脏肾小管呈ANAE强阳性。生殖腺滤泡呈很强的ANAE阳性。     

栉孔扇贝血细胞的吞噬作用及其扫描电镜研究

用透射电镜和扫描电镜技术对栉孔扇贝血细胞的吞噬作用和表面结构进行了研究,结果表明,栉孔扇贝血细胞对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有很强的吞噬能力,注射细菌15h后,吞噬率分别达25％和27％,小颗粒（嗜中性颗粒）细胞吞噬能力最强,中颗粒（嗜碱性颗粒）细胞吞噬能力较弱,大颗粒（嗜酸性颗粒）细胞无吞噬能力,无颗粒细胞中只有少量较大的细胞具有吞噬能力。吞噬体不断与小空泡（初级溶酶体）融和形成大的吞噬体,并在其内将细菌逐步消化降解,吞噬体中的细菌也可被分散包围成多个小吞噬体后分别被降解。扫描电镜观察栉孔扇贝血细胞的圆形、椭圆形和梭形三种形状,多数血细胞容量变形形成伪足,可形成大量长的纤维状伪足的血细胞具有凝血的功能。     

中国对虾血细胞单克隆抗体研制及对虾血细胞类型的鉴别

选用聚乙二醇（PEG）作为细胞融合剂,将免疫的Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞与P3－X63－Ag8U1骨髓瘤细胞融合,制备产生抗中国对虾血细胞单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。运用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和间接免疫荧光抗体技术（IIFA）进行了杂交酶细胞的筛选,最后建立了分泌抗中国对虾血细胞单抗的23株杂交瘤细胞。其中以3A3、3B3和3B6为代表的三组单抗能够鉴别中国对虾对虾的三类血细胞亚群。这为今后进一步研究中国对虾血细胞不同亚群的免疫特性提供了有利手段。     

Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)-SiC纳米复合材料的制备及性能

本文研究了非均相沉淀法制备Al2O3－ZrO2（3Y）－SiC复合粉体的工艺过程,认为粉体的理烧温度是至关重要的,热压烧结得到了致密的Al2O3－ZrO2（3Y）－SiC纳米复合材料,ZrO2的加入对烧结温度的影响不大．通过TEM观察,SiC颗粒均匀分散于材料中,大的ZrO2颗粒位于Al2O3晶粒间,小的圆形ZrO2颗粒位于Al2O3晶粒内,一部分Al2O3晶粒呈非等轴状．80Wt％Al2O3－15wt％ZrO2－5Wt％SiC纳米复合材料的抗弯强度可达555MPa,韧性为3.8MPa．m1／2.     

百特系列沉降式颗粒分布仪和激光颗粒分布仪

BT－1500型和BT－3000型离心沉降式颗粒分布测定仪是丹东市百特测试设备服务中心研制、中国颗粒学会颗粒测试专业委员会监制的新型粒度分布测定仪器。它以Stokes和Beer定律为基础，以重力沉降、离心沉降和组合沉降为测试手段，用微机在视窗系统下控制整个测试过程，具有测试速度快、测量范围宽、重复性好、操作简便、适合连续作业等特点，是非金属深加工、粉末冶金、化工等行业理想的粒度检测仪器。1基本指标和性能（1）测定范围：（BT－1500）0．1～200μm（与样品比重等因素有关）；（BT－3000）0．04～45μm（与样品比重等因素有关）…     

溶胶-凝胶法制备羟基磷灰石及其过程的控制

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备羟基磷灰石的前体物－无定形磷酸钙（ACP），并进行晶化处理得到羟基磷灰石，通过对试样的TEM，XRD，EDX等图分析，结果表明在反应过程中，反应气氛，钙磷比，热处理等条件对反应产物的结构和性能有着重要影响。     

牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒在牙鲆鳃细胞系FG-9307中的增殖

向已建立的牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）鳃细胞系^[1](FG-9307)中接种淋巴囊肿病（Lymphocystis disease virus,LCDV）、探讨其是否可支持LCDV的增殖。光学显微镜观察发现：接种3天后，呈纤维状的鳃细胞隆起、立体感加强；之后细胞逐渐变圆，一周左右绝大部分鳃细胞变圆、呈现了细胞病变（cytopathic effect,CPE）现象。将CPE细胞制作超薄切片，电镜观察发现细胞内有大量具囊膜、直径133－186nm的LCDV。CPE细胞的核变形、线粒体增加且空洞化，出现了与淋巴囊肿细胞相同的特征。本实验证明：FG－9307是可持续LCDV增殖的鱼类细胞系。     

螺旋藻多糖抗HSV-1作用的体外实验研究

报道从钝顶螺旋藻中提取的一种水溶性多糖类化合物，即钝顶螺旋藻多糖（PSP），在培养细胞内抗单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV－1）作用的研究。以不同剂量的PSP作用于病毒复制周期的各个阶段，以病毒半数感染量（TCID50），细胞病变（CPE），蚀斑形成（PFU），MTT染色细胞保护率（MTT法）及核酸分子杂交作为评价指标，判断药效。结果表明：PSP对Vero细胞毒性极低；对HSV－1无直接灭活作用，可干扰病毒向宿主细胞吸附，且经PSP预处理的细胞，能明显阻滞病毒产生细胞病变；PSP可有效地抑制病毒复制，但不影响病毒的释放；PSP可明显抑制HSV－1糖蛋白gG mRNA的表达。提示PSP抗病毒靶位在于阻断病毒吸附和抑制感染细胞内病毒的复制及抑制HSV－1糖蛋白gG基因的转录。     

AIN-多型体对形成长颗粒α-Sialon的影响

通过ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ等方法,研究了添加不同含量ＡｌＮ－多型体对（Ｙ＋Ｓｍ）－α－Ｓ晶粒形貌的影响。结果表明,随ＡｌＮ－多型体添加量增多,材料中长颗粒α－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的数量增加。     

Supramolecular Photonic Hydrogel for High-Sensitivity Alkaline Phosphatase Detection via Synergistic Driving Force

Structurally-colored photonic hydrogels which are fabricated by introducing hydrogels into thin films or photonic crystal structures are promising candidates for biosensing. Generally, the design of photonic hydrogel biosensors is based on the sensor-analyte interactions induced charge variation within the hydrogel matrix, or chemically grafting binding sites onto the polymer chains, to achieve significant volume change and color variation of the photonic hydrogel. However, relatively low anti-interference capability or complicated synthesis hinder the facile and low-cost fabrication of high-performance photonic hydrogel biosensors. Here, a facilely prepared supramolecular photonic hydrogel biosensor is developed for high-sensitivity detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is an extensively considered clinical biomarker for a variety of diseases. Responding to ALP results in the broken supramolecular crosslinking and thus increased lattice distancing of the photonic hydrogel driven by synergistic repulsive force between nanoparticles embedded in photonic crystal structure and osmotic swelling pressure. The biosensor shows sensitivity of 7.3 nm spectral shift per mU mL⁻¹ ALP, with detection limit of 0.52 mU mL⁻¹. High-accuracy colorimetric detection can be realized via a smartphone, promoting point-of-care sensing and timely diagnosis of related pathological conditions.     

生物玻璃矿化性能及其离子溶出对成骨细胞功能的影响

通过体外矿化实验, 对比研究了熔融法生物玻璃45S5和溶胶－凝胶法生物玻璃58S、77S的生物矿化性能的差异;并运用了这三种生物玻璃的DMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium)浸提液对MC-3T3细胞进行培养, 以考察不同生物玻璃在培养液中的离子溶出对成骨细胞增殖及ALP(碱性磷酸酶)活性的影响. 通过体外矿化实验可以发现, 77S的生物矿化性能相对45S5和58S较差, 在SBF溶液(模拟体液)中浸泡96h只能形成HA(羟基磷灰石)晶体, 45S5和58S则能生成类骨HCA(碳酸羟基磷灰石)晶体; 但细胞培养实验发现, 77S浸提液中培养的细胞, 其细胞增殖和ALP活性都明显高于45S、58S和对照组. 由此认为, 一定的离子浓度范围内, Si离子的存在有利于成骨细胞的增殖与分裂.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from purple acid phosphatase apoenzyme isolated from a new source Limonia acidissima

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is regarded as a safe and non-toxic process whereas conventional synthesis using chemical methods produces toxic substance. This study provides a novel insight for enzymatic synthesis method of silver nanoparticles using purple acid phosphatase, isolated from Limonia acidissima (wood apple) as a new source and used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable silver nanoparticles were produced by sonochemical method using apoenzyme as a stabilising and capping agent and were characterised by various physicochemical techniques like UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray study shows that nanoparticles are composed of silver and silver oxide. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.     

A comparative study of two advanced spraying techniques for the deposition of biologically active enzyme coatings onto bone-substituting implants

Surface modification of implant materials with biomolecule coatings is of high importance to improve implant fixation in bone tissue. In the current study, we present two techniques for the deposition of biologically active enzyme coatings onto implant materials. The well-established thin film ElectroSpray Deposition (ESD) technique was compared with the SAW-ED technique that combines high-frequency Surface Acoustic Wave atomization with Electrostatic Deposition. By immobilizing the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) onto implant surfaces, the influence of both SAW-ED and ESD deposition parameters on ALP deposition efficiency and ALP biological activity was investigated. ALP coatings with preserved enzyme activity were deposited by means of both the SAW-ED and ESD technique. The advantages of SAW-ED over ESD include the possibility to spray highly conductive protein solutions, and the 60-times faster deposition rate. Furthermore, significantly higher deposition efficiencies were observed for the SAW-ED technique compared to ESD. Generally, it was shown that protein inactivation is highly dependent on both droplet dehydration and the applied electrical field strength. The current study shows that SAW-ED is a versatile and flexible technique for the fabrication of functionally active biomolecule coatings.     

微纳米生物玻璃的体外成骨性能研究

微纳米生物活性玻璃因其具有特殊的形态结构和理化性能目前引起众多研究者的关注,但是目前对微纳米生物活性玻璃的结构及形态对细胞性能的影响研究的较少。本文通过溶胶-凝胶法结合模板仿生技术合成了具有特殊结构和形态的微纳米生物活性玻璃,并通过体外细胞实验,研究了这种微纳米结构对人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨性能(ALP,Runx2,Col1a1和OPN)的影响,结果证明具有规则形态的生物活性玻璃(SBG)相比不规则形态的生物活性玻璃(IBG)更能促进细胞的体外成骨性能,为将来设计具有特定结构的生物活性玻璃提供了参考依据。     

Biocompatibility of TiO2 nanotubes fabricated on Ti using different surfactant additives in electrolyte

This study examined the in vitro cell-material interactions on four different types of titanium surfaces: a polished Ti surface, TiO₂ nanotube surfaces fabricated in a fluorinated glycerol solution (TN), fluorinated glycerol solution with 1 wt% anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (TN-SDS), and fluorinated glycerol solution with 1 wt% cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TN-CTAB), respectively. The surfaces exhibited distinct surface morphologies and geometrical features. Surface energy calculation shows that TN surface enhances the hydrophilic character by significantly increasing the surface energy. The osteoblast cell growth behavior on the four different surfaces was examined using the MC3T3-E1 cell line for 1 day. When the anodized surfaces were compared for the cell-materials interaction, each of the surfaces showed different properties that affected the cell–material interactions. Proliferation of the cells was noticed with distinctive cell-to-cell attachment on the TN surfaces. Good cellular adhesion with extracellular matrix extensions between the cells was noticed in the TN samples. The TiO₂ nanotubes grown in the surfactant-assisted fluorinated electrolyte did not show significant cell growth on the surface and some cell death was observed. The cell adhesion, differentiation and alkaline phosphatase activity were more pronounced on the TN surface. The MTT assays also revealed an increase in living cell density and proliferation on the TN surfaces. Overall, a rough surface morphology and surface energy are important factors for better cell material interactions.     

用全自动生化分析仪检测孕妇血清总钙、碱性磷酸酶和白蛋白

应用全自动生化分析仪检测孕妇血清总钙、碱性磷酸酶和白蛋白含量并探讨其临床意义.结果显示孕妇组血清Tca~(2+)和ALB值明显低于、ALP值则显著高于同龄非孕组;中孕组与晚孕组Tca~(2+)无显著性差异(P>0.05),其余各组Tca~(2+)、ALP和ALB相比,均有显著差异(P<0.01).提示孕妇在妊娠期应注意补充蛋白质和钙,密切观察ALP值,做好围产保健。     

Osteogenic Response of C2C12 Cells on Thermoreversible Polymers

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) in combination with biomaterials are being explored for clinical bone regeneration. The current biomaterials used for BMPs delivery are not specifically designed to support BMP‐induced osteogenesis. Towards this goal, we designed synthetic N‐isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM)‐based thermosensitive polymers and investigated their ability to support osteogenic transformation of pluripotent C2C12 cells. Cell attachment to the polymers was limited as compared to attachment to the plastic surfaces optimized for cell culture. Short‐term (<7 days) studies indicated relatively little cell growth on the polymer surfaces. However, C2C12 cells retained their ability to respond to BMP‐2, as determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, when cultured on thermoreversible polymers. Some polymers supported ALP induction that was far superior (～10‐fold) to cells grown on tissue culture surfaces. We conclude that thermosensitive polymers, although limited in their ability to support cell attachment and growth, did support the pluripotent cells' ability to be transformed under the influence of BMP‐2. The ALP induction was dependent on the compositional details of the polymers, suggesting that in vivo osteoinduction was likely to be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the polymers.     

Association of serum alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Recent studies indicate that serum alkaline phosphatase (AlkPhos), a surrogate of high turnover bone disease, is associated with coronary artery calcification and death risk in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The association between AlkPhos and bone mineral density (BMD) is not well studied. We studied the association between AlkPhos and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐assessed BMD in a group of MHD patients in Southern California. In 154 MHD patients, aged 55.3 ± 13.6 years, including 42% women, 38% Hispanics, 42% African Americans, and 55% diabetics, the mean serum AlkPhos was 121 ± 63 U/L (median: 101, Q_25–75: 81–141); 36% had AlkPhos≥120 U/L and 50% had a total T‐score≤?1. Whereas the total BMD did not correlate with age (r=0.01, P=0.99) or body mass index (r=0.10, P=0.22), it correlated negatively with AlkPhos (r=?0.25, P=0.002), including after multivariate adjustment (r=?0.24, P=0.003). The proportion of patients with a high coronary artery calcification score>400 was incrementally higher across worsening BMD tertiles (P trend=0.04). The BMD was significantly worse in MHD patients with serum AlkPhos≥120 U/L compared with <120 U/L (1.01 ± 0.016 vs. 1.08 ± 0.013 g/cm², respectively, P<0.001). The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of AlkPhos≥120 U/L for having a total T‐score相似文献