一种基于子域分解的表面混合网格生成方法

提出了一种新的基于子域分解的混合网格生成方法。该方法首先用映射法生成结构化背景网格,并确定实体表面上包含的小孔、键槽等小特征在背景网格中的位置,然后删除这些小特征覆盖的背景网格,并在这些区域内生成三角形网格,最后将剩余的背景网格和生成的三角形网格合并,得到整个目标域的网格。该算法综合了映射法效率高、网格质量好、四边形网格计算精度高,以及三角形网格几何适应能力强的优势。数值实验表明,针对复杂的实体表面,新方法能够全自动地生成质量较好的混合网格,生成的网格质量及算法效率均优于传统的推进波前法和铺砖法。     

机械CAD三角网格模型的特征表面分割混合算法

针对机械CAD三角网格模型中普遍存在的网格稀疏性和非均匀性分布等特点，提出了一种特征的二次提取及表面分割混合算法。第一次分割采用基于边的方法，即在平面合并的基础上对相邻三角面片法矢夹角的方差进行判断和处理，从而实现平面与其他稀疏网格表面区域的分割和边界特征的提取；第二次分割采用基于顶点的方法，首先由顶点的估算曲率计算出各面片的近似曲率，然后通过区域生长实现其他表面区域的分割及特征提取。实验结果表明，该方法能较准确地实现机械CAD三角网格模型的特征提取和表面分割。     

Three-dimensional structure of the zona pellucida at ovulation

The mammalian zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes and early embryos, which is critical for normal fertilization and preimplantation development. It is made up of three/four glycoproteins arranged in a delicate filamentous matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have shown that ZP has a porous, net-like structure and/or nearly smooth and compact aspect. In this study, the fine 3-D structure of the human and mouse ZP is reviewed with the aim to integrate ultrastructural and molecular data, considering that the mouse is still used as a good model for human fertilization. By conventional SEM observations, numerous evidences support that the spongy ZP appearance well correlates with mature oocytes. When observed through more sophisticated techniques at high resolution SEM, ZP showed a delicate meshwork of thin interconnected filaments, in a regular alternating pattern of wide and tight meshes. In mature oocytes, the wide meshes correspond to "pores" of the "spongy" ZP, whereas the tight meshes correspond to the compact parts of the ZP surrounding the pores. In conclusion, the traditional "spongy" or "compact" appearance of the ZP at conventional SEM appears to be only the consequence of a prevalence of different arrangements of microfilament networks, according to the maturation stage of the oocyte, and in agreement with the modern supramolecular model of the ZP at the basis of egg-sperm recognition. Despite great differences in molecular characterization of ZP glycoproteins between human and mouse ZP, there are no differences in the 3-D organization of glycoproteic microfilaments in these species.     

局部到整体的六面体网格质量优化算法

网格质量是影响有限元分析结果准确性和可靠性的关键因素之一。为了提高六面体网格的质量,提出一种局部到整体的六面体网格质量优化算法。针对每个六面体单元采用双八面体几何变换进行局部规则化操作,得到高质量的规则六面体网格。在此基础上,通过迭代优化一个二次能量函数,对规则化后的网格进行整体拼接和优化,该能量函数由节点内力和表面几何约束组成,节点内力保证了规则化后六面体单元的连接性,表面几何约束保持了原始模型的几何形状。应用实例表明,该方法稳定可靠,显著提高了六面体网格的质量。     

三角网格模型特征线识别

给出了新的三角网格模型顶点法矢计算公式,据此对模型中的边进行了分类;在此基础上,提出了一种曲面三角网格模型特征线识别的新方法,该方法根据网格中边的分类结果形成含特征边的特征域,再由这些特征域得到初始特征线,最后对初始特征线进行优化处理,从而识别出网格模型的特征线。     

基于小波理论的多重分辨率的曲面构造

高精度、非接触式的激光数字扫描仪的诞生,使得人们能非常方便地获得高细节的物体形状.这种物体是以非结构化和浓密的网格存储在计算机中的.为了在科学、工程、艺术等领域有效地应用这种物体,需要建立物体在计算机中有效表达形式.基于小波分析的多重分辨率的曲面构造能担任这种任务.细分连接(subdivision-connection)的小波函数的构造需要我们把曲面参数化到一个简单的复合形域中.在这篇文章中,我们从微分几何的测地极映射观点出发,提出用快速的形状保持的参数化方法有效地建立具有多重分辨率的物体曲面形状.同前面的方法相比,我们的构造过程可以节约大量的计算时间且维持良好的物体曲面形状.     

一种三维有限元网格的快速消隐算法

提出了一种利用三维有限元网格相关性实现三维有限元网格快速消隐算法。该算法通过对单元面的排序直接剔除了内部完全不可见网格 ,避免了大量的线、面查找计算 ;通过单元面的深度排序 ,避免了消隐算法中的大量求交和比较计算 ,从而达到大大减小计算量、实现快速消隐的目的。本文所提出的消隐方法速度快、稳定性好 ,在实际应用中取得了满意的效果。     

A robust approach to edge detection of scanned point data

In reverse engineering, segmentation is used to divide a point data set into subsequent regions according to its shape. It is vital for interpretation of discrete scanned data since surface reconstruction can be accomplished one-by-one on a given region. Edge detection is crucial to the segmentation process. The level of edge detection depends on the complexity of the part, and it determines the eventual success or failure of the reverse engineering (RE) process. This paper proposes a novel approach to the edge detection of 3D points based on a region growing technique. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts. First, polygonal meshes are generated to the scanned point data using the Delaunay triangulation algorithm. Second, the normal vector and the area of a polygonal mesh are checked to find boundary meshes using cost criteria (angle criterion and area criterion) based upon a region growing technique. The region growing technique aggregates meshes into a region until the area of aggregated meshes reaches an area threshold from a series of seed meshes. The proposed edge detection method is found to be effective when compared with other methods.     

基于实体局部表面曲率和厚度的变密度三维六面体网格自动生成算法

提出一种基于传统栅格法的变密度三维全六面体网格自动生成算法,建立基于实体局部表面曲率的加密源点信息场的生成技术和基于几何实体局部厚度特征的网格加密技术,并给出自动生成全六面体协调网格的加密原则与加密模板。实现了在厚度较小的特征区域和曲率较大区域局部协调加密及平缓变密度的网格自动剖分,可获得局部协调加密及平缓变密度的全六面体网格。实例表明,所提出的算法实用性强,效果良好。     

The boundary fitted coordinate method to improve the numerical analysis of electron optical systems

This paper illustrates some of the advantages of using the boundary fitted coordinate technique in the numerical simulation of electron-optical systems. The boundary fitted coordinate technique can be used as an automatic mesh generator for the finite-element solution of field distributions, while at the same time allowing for the possibility of high order inter-polation on the mesh, typically required for the accurate plotting of electron trajectory paths. For the finite difference method of solving field distributions, the boundary fitted coordinate method can generate regular meshes, which fit curved shaped boundaries.     

基于子域分解的全六面体网格生成方法

提出了一种基于子域分解的六面体网格生成方法,该方法首先提取三维实体的特征边,并通过特征边形成合适的分解面,然后利用分解面将复杂的三维实体分解为简单的可映射子域,并在各子域上用超限映射法生成六面体网格,最后将各子域的网格数据合并,即得到整个目标域的网格。该方法充分利用了映射法效率高、算法简单、网格质量好等优势,同时克服了映射法自适应能力较差,只能适用于形状规则的简单实体的劣势。数值实验结果表明,对于用商业软件无法直接进行网格划分的复杂模型,该方法能够全自动地生成质量较好的六面体网格。     

基于“薄膜变形”的牙齿曲面重建算法研究与实现

牙齿曲面重建是口腔修复CAD/CAM系统的核心内容之一。本文提出了一种基于"薄膜变形包围"牙齿曲面重建算法,首先对简化后的牙齿三角网格模型进行Loop细分以提高模型的变形逼近的能力;然后对细分后的网格施加"吸引力"使细分网格逼近原始密集的网格模型;接着施加"松弛力"消除网格变形后的褶皱;最后通过不断的异步迭代循环调整网格顶点的位置,直到满足预设的误差精度后停止。通过对两类典型牙齿模型的网格重建的算例,验证了本文算法的可行性。     

CSDF:一种基于STL的无锯齿差分网格剖分算法

针对基于差分的铸造CAE系统生成体网格时图像显示呈锯齿状这一问题,提出了一种基于STL面片模型的无锯齿网格剖分算法。算法采用一种新的组件式有符号距离场(CSDF)模型来对多个STL实体进行剖分。该模型采用了一种稳健的容错方法,能够对不封闭、缺点、少面的STL实体进行正确的剖分;使用BSP树来加速计算每个网格中心点距离铸件、砂芯、铸型以及浇注系统等STL几何实体的最小距离,并规定位于内部的中心点的距离为负,外部为正,表面为零,使得每一个网格点有一个表示材质的数据,同时还有几个不同的距离值;材质数据用来表示物理属性,而距离值用来进行STL实体的布尔运算,以实现组件式的网格剖分和几何模型的重建,获得光滑的后处理图像。实例表明:算法可行,可实现组件式的几何实体无锯齿网格剖分,且剖分结果能进行数值计算。     

基于STEP中性文件的有限元自动建模

直接利用CAD系统的几何造型 ,以STEP中性文件为CAD造型系统与有限元单元剖分系统间的几何和拓朴信息传递媒介 ,实现有限元单元的自动剖分。按STEP/AP2 0 3的语义模型提取STEP中性文件中三维形体的表面信息 ,将该形体的每个表面映射到二维参数平面 ;利用参数平面的边界数据和二维单元自动剖分模块 ,用推进波前法实现表面网络的自动生成 ;然后由表及里实现三维实体单元的生成 ,系统基于STEP中性数据文件 ,可以与多个流行的CAD系统实行连接。     

使用VBA方法在AutoCAD上实现有限元网格划分

提出了使用 VBA和面向对象的思想 ,在 Auto CAD上开发有限元网格划分程序的方法。本程序通过平铺法实现自动三角形网格划分 ,并可以用两种方法把三角形网格转化为四边形网格 :合并法和分割法。文中详细分析了 VBA面向对象的数据组织方法。实践证明VBA是一种方便、快捷、实用的二次开发工具     

基于Agent网的知识网自重构的需求评价模型

知识化制造系统自重构中需要有评价策略对自重构后的系统进行评价。本文从知识网需求的模糊关系出发,定义了基于agent网的知识网模糊需求的自重构运算,提出了知识化制造系统的模糊需求评判的方法,并通过一个简化的例子,说明了知识网的自重构及其模糊需求评判的方法,解决了知识网自重构后的评价问题,为知识化制造系统的决策提供了依据。     

基于快速有限元分析的冲压件毛料展开

研究了一步法有限元分析技术,开发了冲压件毛料展开软件系统。建立三维冲压件网格和二维毛料网格之间发生塑性变形的平衡方程,求得毛料网格的修正值,得到的收敛值为冲压件的三维模型展开得到的平面形状。在刚度矩阵中引入阻尼矩阵改善矩阵的病态性,采用Newton下降法扩大算法的收敛范围,提高了非线性方程组的收敛性和算法的网格处理能力。实例表明该方法能较快较准确地求得冲压件的最优毛坯形状,在板料冲压成形领域具有良好的实用性。     

Interference-free cutting-path generation based on scanning data

This work presents a novel cutting-path planning strategy for three-axis machining of 3D scanning data. A curve-fitting algorithm is employed to fit each array of the measured data into parallel sectional curves, ensuring that the effect of measurement and form errors can be substantially reduced. The best-fitting sectional curves are then used to construct a surface of triangular meshes. A modified chord-length method is also proposed to adequately control the accuracy of the triangular meshes generated. The triangular meshes are then offset along the surface normal to obtain an offset mesh surface on which the cutting paths are planned. An effective gouging detection and removal algorithm are also proposed to prevent the machined surface from overcutting. Several computer simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.     

General 3D offsetting of a triangular net using an implicit function and the distance fields

A novel approach which uses the distance fields based on cell subdivision and an implicit surface interpolation based on the radial basis function is proposed in order to get an accurate and error-free offset model of arbitrary shapes composed of a large number of triangle meshes. In the method, the space bounding the original model is divided into smaller cells. For the efficient calculation of distance fields, valid cells which will generate a portion of offset model are selected previously by the proposed detection algorithm. These valid cells are divided again into much smaller voxels which assure required accuracy. At each voxel, the distance fields are created by calculating the minimum distances between the corner points of voxels and the triangle meshes. For the more efficient calculation of distance fields, valid vertices among the triangle meshes which will generate minimum distances with current cell are selected by checking the intersection between current cell and a cone prism generated at each vertex of triangle meshes. In addition, a new approach based on an implicit surface interpolation scheme is proposed to perform two types of offsetting operations including uniform and non-uniform offsetting in the same framework. In the method, a smooth implicit surface is generated from the discrete offset distance values given by the user. After generating the whole distance fields, the offset surface was constructed by using the conventional marching cube algorithm together with mesh smoothing scheme. The effectiveness and validity of this new offset method was demonstrated by performing numerical experiments for the various types of triangle meshes.     

基于网格模型的一种新的区域分割算法

研究并实现了一种新的基于三角网格模型的区域分割算法，该算法首先计算网格模型中每个三角网格的法矢和面积，通过检测三角网格的面积及其法矢夹角进行区域生长，找到全部的边界网格，从而实现区域分割。在此基础上，应用了相邻块整体融合、块分解融合以及块边界光滑等方法，优化了分割结果。通过实验验证了算法的有效性和稳定性。