A novel spin-finishing method for antistatic modification of polyester fiber. Surface reaction onto amine-containing copoly(amide-ethers) blended with polyester fiber

Copoly(amide-ethers) containing two types of tertiary amine units were made as antistatic modifiers for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. The filaments of the copolymers were melt-spun and reacted with three alkylating agents in order to quaternize the tertiary amine into a sulfo-betaine, a carbobetaine, and an ammonium ion. The apparent electric resistivity of the filaments was greatly reduced by this reaction, being in the range of 10⁶ to 10⁸ Ω/cm. However, because these quaternized copolymers incurred decomposition during blend spinning with PET, a blend PET fiber containing one type of copoly(amide-ether) was melt-spun and subjected to quaternization of the amino groups as well as to surface crosslinking with various alkylating and epoxy agents. The quaternized blend fibers obtained showed improved antistatic properties compared with the original blend fiber. Particularly, the fibers crosslinked with epoxy compounds were found to have the best antistatic properties that had ever been attained with this type of modification. The antistatic properties were retained even after dyeing, because both hydrophilic and ionic groups had been effectively immobilized on the surface. Since this quaternization and crosslinking could be conducted on-line with spinning and drawing within a short reaction time, this modification technique is called “spin-finishing method”, which should be superior to the conventional methods in terms of cost performance and productivity.     

抗静电涤纶的研究及发展

综述了纺织材料抗静电技术的发展过程,当前涤纶行业中各种抗静电改性的生产方法和性能特点,并分析了各自的优缺点。讨论了影响抗静电性能的主要因素,及其现状和发展趋势。     

Kinetics of polyester fiber alkaline hydrolysis: Effect of temperature and cationic surfactants

The surface kinetic model was applied to the interpretation of the dissolution of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers in alkaline medium. The model assumes first-order kinetics with respect to surface area and concentration of OH^?ions. The dependency of the rate constant of dissolution on temperature was treated by the Arrhenius equation. The addition of a cationic surfactant resulted in an increase in both activation energy and preexponential factor. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

纳米ATO的表面修饰及抗静电腈纶的制备

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为分散剂,制备纳米ATO(SnO2·Sb2O3)导电粉末水相悬浮液,并用硅烷偶联剂修饰,将修饰后的纳米ATO悬浮液加入到聚丙烯腈原液(NaSCN溶剂)中共混,得到蓝绿色的聚丙烯腈共混原液。采用Zeta纳米粒度与电位分析仪、热台偏光显微镜、红外光谱等仪器测试了纳米ATO微粒在聚丙烯腈原液中的分散性能;用流变仪研究了共混原液的流变性能。在中型湿法纺丝机上纺制了2h左右的腈纶纤维,不堵喷丝孔。测试了纤维的力学性能和抗静电性能,用DSC和TG研究了纤维的热性能。     

改性聚酯纤维的减量处理工艺研究

考察了氢氧化钠水溶液、乙二胺水溶液和氢氧化钠与乙二胺的混合水溶液被用来处理纤维时,处理温度和处理时间对改性聚酯纤维减量率的影响,发现氢氧化钠水解速率大于乙二胺的氨解速率,氢氧化钠和乙二胺对改性聚酯纤维有协效作用。     

PEG-ZnO-PP复合抗静电剂及其对聚丙烯纤维的改性

选用相对分子质量分别为10 000和20 000的聚乙二醇(PEG 10000,PEG 20000)与氧化锌(ZnO)、马来酸酐(MAH)混合,再与聚丙烯(PP)共混,制备复合抗静电剂(PEG-ZnO-PP),然后将其与PP共混纺丝,制得共混纤维。研究了PEG-ZnO-PP复合抗静电剂的流动性和热性能,考察了共混纤维的力学性能和抗静电性。结果表明:复合抗静电剂的流动性和热性能因PEG的相对分子质量不同而有所不同,含PEG 10000的复合抗静电剂的流动性能较好,且其熔融热焓、熔融结晶温度、结晶放热高于含PEG 20000的复合抗静电剂。共混纤维力学性能和静电半衰期随复合抗静电剂含量的增加而减小,含PEG 20000的共混纤维抗静电效果更好。     

涤纶表面改性研究的进展

介绍了近年来国内外涤纶表面改性的原理、方法、应用以及各种常用表征方法。对等离子体处理方法的3个方面的应用做了详细阐述;介绍了紫外光接枝方法的原理、应用,以及近年来对该方法的改进;阐述了碱处理的原理、应用及近年来的发展趋势。     

阳离子可染涤纶短纤维染色性能研究

研究了染料及染色条件对阳离子可染涤纶短纤维(CDP)染色性能的影响。结果表明,不同品种的阳离子染料对CDP纤维染色效果差异明显,染液p H值控制在4.5~5.5范围内,染色效果较好,染色的温度、保温时间、染料浓度、浴比等工艺条件对CDP纤维的染色效果影响较大,但影响CDP纤维染色性能的因素主要是纤维的间苯二甲酸二甲酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPM)含量,低SIPM含量纤维受染色饱和值影响,不易深染,高SIPM含量的纤维可达到深染效果。     

聚酯纤维的染色改性

叙述了聚酯纤维染色物理和化学的改性方法 ,其中对于采用共聚方法制得的阳离子染料可染聚酯进行了详细阐述 ,并叙述了国内外聚酯纤维染色的发展简况。     

Liquid detergents from cationic,anionic and nonionic surfactants. adsorption,detergency and antistatic properties

The adsorption of a mixture of cationic (c) and anionic (a) surfactants on cellulose fibers is highly dependent on the molar ratio a/c with a maximum at a/c = 0.9. When a/c is > 1.1 the adsorption is negligible. The presence of nonionic surfactants in the solution impairs the adsorption of the ionic species; this effect is stronger for nonionic surfactants with long alkyl and polyglycol ether chains. The detergency—measured on WFK cotton cloth—is highest when a/c > 1 and decreases sharply when a/c goes below 0.8. The antistatic effect for a formulated liquid detergent based on these principles was compared to one commercial liquid detergent with softening and antistatic properties and one commercial detergent powder, and the test detergent was shown to be a better antistatic agent on polyester, polyacrylonitrile and polyamide. The detergency was about the same for the two liquid detergents.     

聚酯纤维阻燃改性进展

阻燃聚酯纤维是一种重要的功能纤维,在人们的生产生活中起着越来越重要的作用。本文按聚酯纤维制造工艺路线各阶段,即聚合阶段、纺丝阶段、后整理阶段的阻燃改性方法作一综述,指出使用环境友好且综合性能好的阻燃剂是聚酯纤维阻燃改性的一个重要方向。     

超支化聚酯的合成及其对PET纤维的改性研究

以三羟甲基丙烷作为中心核,二羟甲基丙酸为合成单体,对甲苯磺酸作为催化剂,采用一步法分别合成了第二代、第三代、第四代不同代数的端羟基超支化聚酯(HBP),并对其结构进行了表征.将不同代数的HBP与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)共混纺丝制备了HBP/PET共混纤维,研究了纤维的流变性能、力学性能、染色性能和吸湿性能.结果表...     

辐射接枝改性聚酯纤维吸湿性的研究

经间甲酚浸泡溶胀后,采用二苯甲酮(BP)的丙酮溶液浸泡,紫外光辐射接枝改性聚酯纤维的吸湿性,研究了辐射接枝条件对纤维回潮率的影响。结果表明:当溶胀剂质量分数为40%,溶胀时间为2.0 h,溶胀温度为60℃,BP丙酮溶液的浓度为0.20 mol/L、浸泡时间为1.0 h,紫外光照时间为2 0 h,丙烯酸浓度为0.58 mol/L时,聚酯纤维的回潮率由0.40%提高至3.04%。     

阳离子染料可染涤纶短纤维染色饱和值的测定

阳离子可染聚酯(CDP)短纤维的染色饱和值(Sf)是衡量纤维染色性能和制定合理染色工艺的重要参数,目前其测定方法还没有具体统一的标准。采用直接法,以亚甲基蓝为标准染料,研究了染色温度、时间、染浴的p H值及染料的平衡上染率等因素对CDP短纤维的Sf的影响,确定CDP短纤维Sf测定的最佳条件。结果表明:CDP短纤维Sf的测定的最佳条件为浴比1∶100,染料质量分数2.5%,染色温度125℃,保温时间120 min,染浴的p H值4.5,染料的平衡上染率80%~95%,CDP短纤维的Sf约2.6%。     

抗静电涤纶的开发现状与展望

从涤纶生产及应用流程出发,介绍了目前涤纶抗静电改性的不同机理和方法。依此预测,未来抗静电涤纶的发展前景将十分广阔。     

1.56 dtex阳离子可染中空涤纶短纤维的纺丝工艺

采用阳离子可染聚酯切片为原料,熔融纺丝制得1.56 dtex阳离子可染中空涤纶短纤维,探讨了纺丝工艺参数对生产及纤维性能的影响。结果表明:控制干切片的含水率小于30μg/g,组件初始压力10.5～12.0MPa,纺丝温度278～283℃,单孔吐出量0.39～0.45g/min,纺丝速度1100～1250m/min,环吹风速度0.9～1.1m/s、温度24～27℃,纺丝过程顺利稳定,中空成形良好,纤维物理指标优良,其断裂强度为3.50cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为24%,中空度为15%。     

Preparation of hyperbranch-structured polyester fiber via thiol-ene click reaction under UV light irradiation for asphalt binder modification

This study reports the application of UV induced “thiol-ene click reaction” by coupling the covalent bonds of venyl-terminated dendritic polyester (VTDP) and polyester (PET) fiber and resulting in the fabrication of hyperbranch-structured PET named as VTDP-PET fiber. The PET fiber or VTDP-PET fiber as additives were blended with styrene-butadiene-styrene modified asphalt (SBSMA) to prepare fiber/SBSMAs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations indicated that VTDP-PET fiber was linked with spherical three-dimensional dendritic molecular structure. Cone penetration, dynamic shear rheometer, multistress creep recovery, and thermogravimetric analysis tests showed that VTDP-PET/SBSMA exhibited enhanced resistance to flow, viscoelasticity, resistance against rutting, and thermal stability as compared to those of PET/SBSMA. The newly designed PET fiber and VTDP-PET fiber can be envisioned as effective alternative candidate for the fabricated of modified SBSMA with enhanced performances for practical applications in construction and highway industries.     

高锰酸钾引发聚酯纤维接枝共聚改性研究

研究了用KMnO_4/H_2SO_4作为引发剂,聚酯(PET)纤维与丙烯酸接枝共聚的改性方法,探讨了间甲酚浸泡时间和温度、KMnO_4浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、丙烯酸(AA)浓度等对接枝率的影响。结果表明:间甲酚浸泡时间2h、浸泡温度60℃、KMnO_4浓度3.0×10~(-3)mol/L、H_2SO_4浓度0.02mol/L、AA浓度2.66mol/L、反应时间2h时,PET纤维的接枝率较高;同时,用红外光谱证明了聚丙烯酸接枝支链的存在。     

化学改性高收缩涤纶短纤维的收缩性能研究

通过对化学改性高收缩涤纶短纤维的热收缩性能测试,研究了热处理方式、温度、时间对化学改性高收缩涤纶短纤维收缩性能的影响。并与物理改性高收缩涤纶短纤维进行收缩性能对比,结果显示化学改性高收缩涤纶短纤维的收缩变化温度高5℃,室温存放三个月,收缩率无明显下降。     

抗静电阳离子可染涤纶性能的研究

将含有金属氧化锌和聚乙二醇的嵌段高分子抗静电剂 (DC)与阳离子可染聚酯 (CDPET)共混 ,制备抗静电阳离子可染涤纶。研究了DC对聚合物熔点和纤维强度的影响 ,考察了纤维的抗静电性、可染性和染色均匀性。结果表明 :DC的质量分数为 4 %时 ,纤维的比电阻小于10 9Ω·cm ,静电半衰期为 10s;DC含量增加 ,共混物熔点下降 ,纤维的断裂强度降低 ,上染率增大 ;DC的质量分数为4 %时 ,可实现常压匀染。