对我国生物有机复合肥发展的几点看法

通过对我国生物有机复合肥的现状和发展前景的分析，对我国生物有机复合肥的发展提几点看法。     

Progress on Production and Application about New Type of Organic Compound Fertilizer

作为一个新兴的化工肥料产业,近年来有机复合肥备受关注。相比于无机复合肥,有机复合肥在农作物产量的提高、生产废料及生活垃圾的再利用、水土的保持乃至环境保护问题的解决上有明显的优势。本文从生产及可持续发展的角度上出发,阐述了新型的有机复合肥的生产工艺以及应用概况,并对其发展方向及正确使用给出指导。     

新型有机复合肥的生产与应用研究进展

作为一个新兴的化工肥料产业,近年来有机复合肥备受关注。相比于无机复合肥,有机复合肥在农作物产量的提高、生产废料及生活垃圾的再利用、水土的保持乃至环境保护问题的解决上有明显的优势。本文从生产及可持续发展的角度上出发,阐述了新型的有机复合肥的生产工艺以及应用概况,并对其发展方向及正确使用给出指导。     

利用氨化(喷浆)硫基复合肥装置生产有机无机复合肥

介绍山东欧化化工有限公司利用氨化(喷浆)硫基复合肥装置生产有机无机复合肥的技术。该技术的最大特点是在混酸溶液中加入有机质,有机质经酸性调节直接参与中和造粒反应,产品养分可在20%～40%间随意调整。所生产的有机无机复合肥产品水分低[w(H2O)3%],强度高,营养全面,高效环保。     

复合肥长效添加剂是提高化肥利用率的新途径

复合肥长效添加剂是将脲酶抑制剂、硝化抑制剂、磷活化剂有机结合,利用其协同作用比单一抑制剂使肥料具有更长供肥期和更高利用率,达到一次性投肥免追肥的目的。这是提高作物产量和提高化肥利用率的有效手段之一,应大力推广在复混肥中添加这种长效添加剂(NAM)。     

HA-Si型长效复合肥的特点及田间应用效果

HA-Si型长效复合肥是有机、无机相结合的新型绿色环保肥料。养分齐全，化肥利用率高，肥效期长，能提高作物产量，改善农产品品质，物理性状良好，贮运性能好于一般三元复合肥。在果树、水稻上应用，取得了很好的田间效果。     

氨基酸生物有机复合肥的生产与应用

针对传统肥料存在的有效养分利用率低、污染环境、农产品品质差等问题,在低塔式强制风冷熔体造粒工艺复合肥装置上开发了氨基酸生物有机复合肥生产工艺。介绍了氨基酸生物有机复合肥的生产方法,并以玉米作为试验对象,开展了田间试验。试验结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施用氨基酸生物有机复合肥可提高玉米产量11.62%,生育期缩短4 d左右。     

新型稀土碳铵复合肥的制备及应用

提出利用自制的新型稀土添加剂制备稀土碳铵复合肥，并重点研制了以碳铵作氮源复合肥的稳定性，通过肥效试验，表明该稀土复合肥对作物具有显著的效果。     

发展腐植酸类有机肥提高化肥利用率

论述腐植酸类有机肥、有机无机复合肥对提高化肥利用率和土壤肥力的重要作用。提出利用食品工业废弃物生产氨基酸类有机无机复合肥;利用泥炭、褐煤、风化煤、蒿秆、木屑等生产腐植酸类有机无机复合肥;发展精制生物有机肥;而功能型生物有机肥将开辟有机肥料新领域。     

腐植酸多元复合肥的效应研究

本文是作者１９９２－１９９５年腐植酸多元复合肥的效应研究部分内容，系针对玉米，小麦需肥特点和土壤养概况，通过多点田间试验筛选出腐植酸多元复合肥的最佳配方，试验结果表明：该肥料具有速效性和长效性，养分元素利用率高，小麦，玉米等作物可实现年周期一次投肥，节省工时，减少田间作业环节，节肥效果显著，能协调养分，培肥地力，作物生长发育增强，明显改善了作物构成因素，由于根素发达，长势稳健，抗逆性明显提高，小麦     

有机肥在有机无机复混肥中的效果

通过茄子在无肥、商品有机肥、无机复混肥和有机无机复混肥4处理的一次基肥使用试验,对产量、开展度、花蕾数、结果数和单果量考察和统计分析反映出有机无机复混肥与无机复混肥的肥效基本相同;商品有机肥似具有与化肥一样的速效性;要使有机肥发挥肥效,只有增加有机肥使用量;不能期望通过有机无机复混肥中加入少量有机肥来体现有机肥的肥效.     

有机无机生物肥的生产技术与应用效果

介绍一种有机无机生物肥的生产技术。其生产方法是:以工农业废物复合菌剂发酵生产生物有机肥料颗粒;以氮磷钾及中微量元素生产无机肥颗粒,再进行包膜以克服无机盐分对生物活菌的影响;将两种颗粒肥按比例混合。讨论和确定了有机物料加入菌剂达到腐熟的各项指标。该肥料通过在苹果树栽培中的应用效果试验,增产提质效果显著。     

对我国化肥发展的一些浅见

介绍我国化肥的产量、施用量,以及主要农作物的化肥投入量和化肥品种。估算我国化肥复合率为46%,已经达到甚至超过了世界平均水平,并分析我国肥料利用率低的原因。介绍了新型肥料的种类,提出常规肥料在今后相当长的时间内仍然是主流。预测我国化肥总量将保持稳定或有所降低,提出应重点发展缓控释肥、中微量元素肥、有机肥、有机无机复混肥、液体肥,保留低浓度磷肥。     

有机型复合颗粒肥生产线设计

有机型复合颗粒肥生产线用于加工以有机肥作基本介质，混配一定比例无机成分，适合各种经济作物养分和施肥要求的颗粒状全价营养肥料。     

味精厂废水生产麸酸有机复混肥在芥菜上的应用效果

采用田间试验方法研究了麸酸有机复混肥在芥菜上的应用效果。结果表明:与进口复合肥及单质化肥相比,施用麸酸有机复混肥的单季芥菜产量有所降低,但品质和经济效益增加。此外,施用麸酸有机复混肥有降低芥菜硝酸盐含量的趋势。综合产量、品质与效益分析,芥菜以1/2麸酸有机复混肥 1/2化肥配施模式最佳。     

腐植酸活化技术及其应用

介绍腐植酸活化技术,并就腐植酸高效液肥、复合肥料生物活性添加剂以及活化有机-无机复混肥料3种产品概述腐植酸活化技术在肥料上的应用。针对活化有机-无机复混肥料,提出重点需解决的问题。     

云南省化肥工业现状和对未来肥料产业发展的建议

介绍了2012年中国和云南省化肥生产及供应情况，对云南省未来肥料产业的发展提出了建议。认为有机肥料与化学肥料合理配合使用，是农业可持续发展的重要保障；新型肥料的推广和使用应结合云南省特色农业的实际情况；HE料企业的发展要注重质量。     

Pathways of native and fertilizer phosphorus in Argentine soils

Management of soil phosphate fertility in sustainable agriculture depends on transformations of applied fertilizers as an input to correct soil defficiencies. This research investigated the changes of P pools of different extractability with fertilization in an incubation experiment. Sequential fractionation was used in 5 native argentine soils: Entisol, Andisol, Vertisol, Mollisol and Ultisol, with 0 and 45 kg P ha^-1 added as KH₂PO₄ and incubated for 90 days. In our experimental conditions, labile inorganic P (LIP) content of control soils increased for Entisol and Mollisol (75% and 35% respectively), while moderately resistant inorganic fractions (MRIP) were greater in Andisol (95%) and Ultisol (39%) following incubation. This increase was related to a decrease in labile organic fractions (LOP) in Andisol (-73%), Mollisol (-36%) and Ultisol (-36%). Moderately resistant organic forms (MROP) were significatively lower for all soils except Mollisol.As a consequence of P fertilization, LIP increased for Entisol (146%), Vertisol (23%) and Mollisol (39%), and MRIP showed the same tendence in Ultisol (57%) and Andisol (97%). LOP was signifcatively lower for all soils, except Andisol. MROP decreased in all soils except Mollisol, with the greatest variation in Andisol (-56%). In this experiment, labile P, the agronomically important pool, showed a similar pathway for native and fertilizer P for each taxonomic Order, with a significative increase in Mollisol and Entisol. P for each taxonomic Order, with a significative increase in Mollisol and Entisol.The main reservoir for fertilizer P was IP, mainly LIP in Mollisol and Entisol, and MRIP in Vertisol, Andisol and Ultisol.Organic P tended to decrease with incubation, and the highest values of organic fractions were found in younger soils (Entisol and Andisol), followed by Ultisol. Residual effect of fertilizer could be higher in Andisol and Ultisol due to transformation into non-labile forms.     

Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments on soil organic matter and microbial biomass in three subtropical paddy soils

Soil organic matter (SOM), microbial carbon (C_mic), and microbial nitrogen (N_mic) status affected by the application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments in subtropical paddy soils were investigated. Soil samples were collected from the plow layer of three long-term (17 years) field experiments at Xinhua, Ningxiang, and Taojiang counties in Hunan Province, China. Results showed that, compared to the control, application of inorganic fertilizer alone showed no significant effect on soil organic C (SOC), total N (N_tot), C_mic and N_mic. The application of inorganic fertilizer along with manure or straw significantly increased SOC and N_tot and soil C_mic and N_mic contents for all three sites, while following an application of inorganic fertilizer along with straw only for two sites. C_mic and N_mic were closely correlated with SOC and N_tot, respectively. In conclusion, application of inorganic fertilizer along with manure or straw is an effective way of enhancing SOM and microbial biomass in subtropical paddy soils.