混合值不完备信息系统中一种拓展粗糙集模型

针对混合值不完备信息系统,提出了基于邻域联系度的拓展粗糙集模型。首先定义了一种邻域联系度容差关系,然后通过所确定出的最大相容类得到了上、下近似集,并证明了所得到的近似集是基于联系度容差关系得到的近似集的一种推广和改进,最后进行了实例分析。     

在不完备信息系统中的一种粗集扩充模型

对已有的基于不完备信息系统的粗集拓展模型进行分析比较,进而提出一种改进的限制容差关系模型。主要思想是考虑到人的主观要求,在容差类的划分中加入一个插值,再利用这些类得到上下近似集,最后通过实例说明该模型是符合客观实际的。     

基于随机模糊集的不完全信息系统粗集模型

传统的Pawlak粗集理论对处理不完全信息系统具有一定的局限性,研究其相关理论及方法具有重大意义.本文引入随机模糊集概念,首先根据专家的领域知识对不完全信息系统进行模糊值完备化,在对象论域构造以随机模糊集为基础的复合模糊关系,以此作为构造复合近似粗糙集模型的出发点.将Krysckiewez容差关系粗集模型和Stefanowki不对称相似关系粗集模型扩展到模糊领域,并对属性约简的一些重要概念进行模糊集扩展.本文的结果为利用粗糙集理论处理不完全信息系统提供了一种新思路.     

不完备序值决策系统中的拓展粗集模型及集对分析

在不完备序值决策系统中,根据容差优势关系进行分类过于宽松,而相似优势关系过于严格,根据这样的解释,提出了基于限制容差优势关系的粗糙集模型.进一步地,在不完备序值决策系统中,引入集对分析方法,提出了基于联系度的优势关系粗糙集模型,并进行了实例分析以说明新提出优势关系的有效性.     

基于变精度容差粗集的鲁棒分类器

该文基于目标识别中出现的不确定问题,提出了一种改进的粗集模型:变精度容差粗集模型。利用粗集中信息容量的定义,对不确定系统进行属性约减,并利用约减后的结果进行目标识别,仿真试验表明,利用该粗集模型进行目标识别时,具有较高的识别率和较高的鲁棒性。     

Rough集理论在多值信息系统中的扩充

Pawlak所提出的经典Rough集理论主要是针对完备信息系统的,利用不可分辨关系这种等价关系来对对象进行上近似和下近似分类.对于不完备信息系统的处理,需要对经典Rough集理论进行扩充,主要是对不可分辨关系进行扩充.对多值信息系统而言,目前有相似关系,但相似关系存在一定程度的局限性,为此提出一种基于类相似关系的扩充Rough集模型,并对该模型和相似关系模型之间的性能进行了比较,实例表明该模型具有较好的应用前景.     

Rough集理论在不完备信息系统中的扩充

Pawlak教授所提出的经典Rough集理论主要是针对完备信息系统的，利用了不可分辨关系这种等价关系来对对象进行了近拟和下近似分类，对于不完备信息系统的处理，需要对经典Rough集理论进行扩充，主要是对不可分辨关系进行扩充，目前已经有了基于容差关系，相似关系和量化容差关系等的扩充Rough集理论，但是，这些扩充也还存在一些局限性，将提出一种基于限制容差关系的扩充Rough集模型，并比较分析这些扩充Rough集模型之间的性能。     

基于SPA的不完备信息系统的双向S-粗集模型

利用集对分析(SPA)理论,定义不完备信息系统的同异反联系度及集对α相似关系,描述了不完备信息系统中元素迁移奇异集合的上下近似,给出其双向S粗集模型和数学结构,并通过实例说明不完备信息系统的双向S粗集存在的背景与实际意义。不完备信息系统的双向S粗集是对其理论的完善和发展,是双向S粗集的一般形式,为不完备信息系统的动态近似规则的提取和分析研究其动态近似特性奠定了理论基础。     

基于容差关系的多粒度粗糙集中近似集动态更新方法

针对不完备信息系统变化时缺失值获取具体属性值的特性，为解决多粒度粗糙集中更新近似集时间效率低的问题，提出了一种基于容差关系的近似集动态更新算法。首先，讨论了基于容差关系的近似集变化的性质，并根据相关性质得出乐观、悲观多粒度粗糙集的近似集的变化趋势；然后，针对更新容差类效率低的问题，提出了动态更新容差类的定理；最后，在此基础上，设计出基于容差关系的近似集动态更新算法。采用UCI数据库中4个数据集进行仿真实验，当数据集变大时，所提更新算法的计算时间远小于静态更新算法的计算时间，即所提动态更新算法的时间效率高于静态算法，验证了所提算法的正确性和高效性。     

基于限制容差关系的集对粗糙集模型

粗糙集理论是一种新的处理模糊和不确定性知识的软计算工具,在人工智能及认知科学等众多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。对于不完备信息系统,目前也有了多种扩充方法,如基于容差关系、基于相似关系和基于限制容差关系等的扩充。但是,这些扩充也都存在一些局限性。本文用集对分析的方法,定义了一个集对α相似限制容差关系,提出了一种基于限制容差关系的集对粗糙集模型。这种模型是限制容差关系的扩充粗糙集模型的推广和改进,既保留了原有扩充模型的优点,又可以通过对相似程度α的调节和控制,在保证这种容差类划分的准确性的同时,增加了其灵活性,更适于大型不完备信息系统的处理。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.