RGO/Al复合材料界面性质第一性原理研究

本研究采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 在广义梯度近似下, 分别建立了具有不同碳氧比的“铝/氧化石墨烯/铝(Al/GO/Al)”界面模型以及含缺陷“Al/GO/Al”三层界面模型。探讨了含氧官能团和单空位缺陷、双空位缺陷以及拓扑缺陷对还原氧化石墨烯增强铝基复合材料界面性质的影响。研究结果表明: 在“Al/GO/Al”界面模型中, 环氧基优于碳原子而与铝原子产生明显的电荷交互作用, 氧原子净电荷为-0.98 e, 铝原子净电荷为0.46 e, 环氧基有利于复合材料中还原氧化石墨烯与铝基体之间的界面结合。当缺陷存在时, 含缺陷的“Al/GO/Al”界面模型中缺陷处碳原子净电荷在-0.05 e至-0.38 e区间, 环氧基与碳原子之间存在较弱的相互作用, 与铝原子间相互作用明显较强。环氧基抑制了空位缺陷处碳原子与铝原子之间的反应, 可保护含空位还原氧化石墨烯中碳原子结构的完整性。本研究可为开发高性能Al/GO/Al基复合材料提供理论指导。     

氧化石墨烯对聚丙烯/尼龙6两组分聚合物的增容作用

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,然后将其与聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)两组分聚合物进行熔融共混制备聚丙烯/尼龙6/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料。通过拉伸强度测试、差示扫描量热测试并结合扫描电子显微镜对尼龙6分散相尺寸大小观察表明,由于氧化石墨烯表面环氧官能团与尼龙6中端氨基能发生化学反应,有效提高了各组分之间的界面相互作用;少量的氧化石墨烯使尼龙6分散相尺寸大幅度减小,并使复合材料拉伸强度大幅度提高,由此表明石墨烯对热力学不相容聚丙烯/尼龙6两组分聚合物具有良好的增容作用。     

石墨烯衍生物在肿瘤治疗方面的研究进展

石墨烯衍生物是利用氧化石墨烯表面的含氧官能团进行化学修饰而形成的复合炭材料。在兼备石墨烯非凡的物理及化学性质基础上,石墨烯衍生物还具有优良的水溶性和生物相容性,从而拓展了石墨烯的应用领域。综述石墨烯衍生物在肿瘤治疗方面的研究进展,主要包括生物成像、纳米载药及光动力疗法,为其在生物医药领域的进一步应用提供了新方法和新思路。     

氧化石墨烯及其聚合物复合材料制备的研究进展

石墨烯是一种具有单层蜂窝状二维网格结构的新型材料,具有优异的力学、化学性能。氧化石墨烯(GO)作为氧化-还原法制备石墨烯的中间体,具有较高的比表面积以及石墨烯所不具备的丰富官能团。鉴于官能团的存在,GO具有优良的化学修饰性能,以此可制备性能更高的或具备新性能的GO/聚合物复合材料。文中综述了氧化石墨烯的结构、性能及制备方法,主要介绍了制备GO的Hummers法,比较了GO/聚合物复合材料的不同制备方法,列举了复合材料的性能特点,最后对GO复合材料制备方法的发展和GO/聚合物复合材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

通过pH值调控的氧化石墨烯片层尺寸、表面化学和电化学性质(英文)

通过调节氧化石墨烯水溶胶的pH值,可以得到尺寸和表面化学性质可控的氧化石墨烯片层。由于氧化石墨烯片层上的羧基在酸性条件下质子化,而在碱性条件下部分被脱除,因此可以通过调控氧化石墨烯水溶胶的pH值对具有不同片层大小和官能团的氧化石墨烯进行筛选。研究发现,羧基的存在可提高氧化石墨烯的电化学活性,而且较大的片层也同样有利于电化学活性的提高。另外,氧化石墨烯对H2O2的检测具有较高的活性,因而在生物传感器上具有广阔的应用前景。     

氧化石墨烯含量对复合水凝胶性能的影响

目的研究氧化石墨烯含量对氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸复合水凝胶性能的影响。方法将氧化石墨烯作为物理交联剂,改变氧化石墨烯的相对含量,制备氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸复合水凝胶,并分析其结构、热稳定性、力学、平衡溶胀比和弹性恢复能力。结果氧化石墨烯的含氧官能团与聚乙烯醇的-OH、聚丙烯酸的-COOH以氢键结合,增加氧化石墨烯相对含量可使复合水凝胶的热稳定性和力学性能得到増强,平衡溶胀比减小。结论在试验参数范围内,制得的氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸复合水凝胶具有优异的热稳定性、力学性能和弹性恢复能力。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及结构研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种表面含有丰富的含氧官能团石墨烯衍生物.氧化石墨烯拥有较大的比表面积、良好的亲水性和生物亲和性,被广泛应用于传感器、储能材料、药物载体、催化等领域.本文介绍了近几年氧化石墨烯的制备方法,简述了由Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯的生成机理,主要概括了氧化石墨烯新的结构模型,提出寻找高效绿色的氧化剂是制备氧化石墨烯的关键,确定氧化石墨烯的结构对其表面改性及在复合材料的应用和发展有重要的影响.     

氧化石墨烯在气体传感器中的应用研究进展

氧化石墨烯因表面含有丰富的含氧官能团而具有十分优异的气敏性能,可应用于低浓度(ppb级)环境下气体的检测。综述了现阶段氧化石墨烯在气体传感器中的研究进展,分析了氧化石墨烯对湿度、NO_2、H_2、CH_4的敏感性能,重点探究了氧化石墨烯表面含氧官能团的类型对其选择性的影响规律,并总结了目前研究中存在的问题,为后续开展氧化石墨烯气体传感器的研究与应用提供借鉴。     

原位聚合法在石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料中的应用（英文）

石墨烯作为一种新型炭材料,2004年通过简单的机械剥离方法制备得到。而氧化石墨烯作为石墨烯的氧化状态,其基面和边缘上存在大量的含氧官能团,可以很好地分散在水中,因而具有很好的加工性和广阔的应用前景,引起了学界的广泛重视。原位聚合法作为一种常用聚合方法,被广泛应用于合成石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料。本文着重介绍了石墨烯及氧化石墨烯的定义、不同的制备方法、原位聚合法的基本原理,及其在石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料制备过程中的应用进展。     

氧化石墨烯在纺织品领域的抗菌应用

目的总结归纳氧化石墨烯及其复合材料在抗菌纺织品类包装材料的应用现状,为氧化石墨烯及其复合材料在纺织领域的应用提供参考。方法总结氧化石墨烯的性能、结构特点以及抗菌机理,阐述氧化石墨复合材料、复合纤维材料和复合织物等纺织品类材料的抗菌性能应用,并简单讨论氧化石墨烯的抗菌影响因素和氧化石墨烯的生物安全性。结果氧化石墨烯具有二维纳米结构、优异的比表面积和水溶性,纺织品类包装材料通过与氧化石墨烯的复合应用可改善其抗菌性能。目前,氧化石墨烯抗菌性能的应用尚处于初级阶段,需要更深入的研究。结论随着对氧化石墨烯研究的不断深入,氧化石墨烯在抗菌纺织品类包装材料的应用会越来越广泛。     

Graphene Oxide: Surface Activity and Two‐Dimensional Assembly

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising precursor for preparing graphene‐based composites and electronics applications. Like graphene, GO is essentially one‐atom thick but can be as wide as tens of micrometers, resulting in a unique type of material building block, characterized by two very different length scales. Due to this highly anisotropic structure, the collective material properties are highly dependent on how these sheets are assembled. Therefore, understanding and controlling the assembly behavior of GO has become an important subject of research. In this Research News article the surface activity of GO and how it can be employed to create two‐dimensional assemblies over large areas is discussed.     

Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications

Graphene, a two-dimensional, single-layer sheet of sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted tremendous attention and research interest, owing to its exceptional physical properties, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength. Other forms of graphene-related materials, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and exfoliated graphite, have been reliably produced in large scale. The promising properties together with the ease of processibility and functionalization make graphene-based materials ideal candidates for incorporation into a variety of functional materials. Importantly, graphene and its derivatives have been explored in a wide range of applications, such as electronic and photonic devices, clean energy, and sensors. In this review, after a general introduction to graphene and its derivatives, the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of graphene-based materials are discussed.     

石墨烯的制备、表征与特性研究进展

石墨烯是最近几年才发现的碳材料的新成员,其完美的二维结构和许多奇特的性质,引起了科学家的极大兴趣。石墨烯的基础研究和应用研究成为当前前沿研究热点之一。引用近3年的国内外参考文献对石墨烯的制备方法(氧化还原法和化学气相沉积法)、转移方法(衬底腐蚀法)、表征方法(拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射)、应用研究等进行了详尽的综述,并介绍了石墨烯研究中所遇到的难题。最后,对石墨烯在其他领域的应用进行了展望,指出了石墨烯未来的研究方向。     

Effect of a multiscale reinforcement by carbon fiber surface treatment with graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of reinforced carbon/carbon composites

An effective carbon fiber/graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes (CF-GO-CNTs) multiscale reinforcement was prepared by co-grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) onto the carbon fiber surface. The effects of surface modification on the properties of carbon fiber (CF) and the resulting composites was investigated systematically. The GO and CNTs were chemically grafted on the carbon fiber surface as a uniform coating, which could significantly increase the polar functional groups and surface energy of carbon fiber. In addition, the GO and CNTs co-grafted on the carbon fiber surface could improve interlaminar shear strength of the resulting composites by 48.12% and the interfacial shear strength of the resulting composites by 83.39%. The presence of GO and CNTs could significantly enhance both the area and wettability of fiber surface, leading to great increase in the mechanical properties of GO/CNTs/carbon fiber reinforced composites.     

Direct synthesis of hydrophobic graphene-based nanosheets via chemical modification of exfoliated graphene oxide

Hydrophobic graphene-based material at the nanoscale was prepared by treatment of exfoliated graphene oxide with organic isocyanates. The lipophilic modified graphene oxide (LMGO) can then be exfoliated into the functionalized graphene nanoplatelets that can form a stable dispersion in polar aprotic solvents. AFM image shows the thickness of LMGO is approximately 1 nm. Characterization of LMGO by elemental analysis suggested that the chemical treatment results in the functionalization of the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in GO via formation of amides and carbamate esters, respectively. The degree of GO functionalization can be controlled via either the reactivity of the isocyanate or the reaction time. Then we investigated the thermal properties of the SPFGraphene by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the TGA curve shows a greater weight loss of approximately 20% occurred indicating removal of functional groups from the LMGO sheets and an obvious exothermic peak at 176 degrees can be observed from 150 to 250 degrees. We also compared the structure of graphene oxide with the structure of chemical treated graphene oxide by FT-IR spectroscopy. The morphology and microstructure of the LMGO nanosheets were also characterized by SEM and XRD. Graphene can be used to fabricate a wide range of simple electronic devices such as field-effect transistors, resonators, quantum dots and some other extensive industrial manufacture such as super capacitor, li ion battery, solar cells and even transparent electrodes in device applications.     

Improved thermal properties of graphene oxide-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a two-dimensional lattice, has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. In particular, because of its excellent thermal properties such as high thermal conductivity and good thermal stability, graphene has been regarded as a one of the promising candidates for the reinforcing fillers on the polymer composites field. In this study, we prepared the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite by a simple solution mixing process, and examined the thermal reinforcing effects of GO on a PMMA matrix. Using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermal conductivity meter, we investigated the effects of GO on the thermal properties of PMMA/GO nanocomposites. With 3 wt% of GO loading, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PMMA/GO nanocomposite were increased by more than 7 degrees C and the thermal conductivity of which also improved 1.8 times compared to pure PMMA.     

Consideration of bending and buckling behaviors of monolayer and multilayer graphene sheets

Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon based material. Remarkable mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of graphene make it as promising material for advanced applications; nevertheless, majority of its mechanical properties are still unknown. This research investigates buckling and bending behaviors of monolayer and multilayer armchair and zigzag graphene sheets. Bending stiffness, critical buckling force per unit length and critical strain of graphene sheets have been measured by molecular dynamic simulation method. Zigzag graphene sheet shows higher bending stiffness than armchair sheet. Van der Waals interaction between graphene sheets has an improving effect on the stability of middle layers. Cross-linkages reduce the buckling force per unit length and the buckling strain of multi layer graphene sheets.     

Graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite as fillers of polylactic acid nanocomposites: preparation and characterization

Graphene and its derivatives have attracted great research interest for their potential applications in electronics, energy, materials and biomedical areas. When incorporated appropriately, these atomically thin carbon sheets are expected to improve physical properties of host polymers at extremely small loading. Herein, we report a novel two-step method for the preparation of PLLA/Hap/graphene oxide nanocomposites with augmented mechanical properties when compared to PLLA/Hap and neat PLLA. The presence of graphene oxide (GO) had a positive effect on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite particles on the polymeric matrix contributing for a good homogeneity of the final nanocomposite. PLLA nanocomposites prepared with 30% (w/w) of Hap and 1% (w/w) of GO showed the highest hardness and storage modulus values indicating an efficient load transfer between the fillers and the PLLA matrix. These materials may find interesting biomedical applications as for example bone screws. The following step on the study of these materials will be in vitro tests to access the biocompatibility of these new nanocomposites.