云数据在数据挖掘中的隐私保护

云计算环境下用户数据的集中存储为数据挖掘提供了便利条件,同时也为用户的隐私保护带来了挑战。为了解决云数据在数据挖掘条件下的隐私保护问题,提出了云计算环境下的隐私保护模型。该模型以公有云为基础,增加了一个分类预处理模块,设定了分类标准,详细讨论了分类后数据的处理方法,并讨论了该模型下数据的检索、还原方法以及运行环境保护、数据的云端销毁等环节。最后对模型的复杂性及安全性进行理论的对比分析,证明了该模型在数据挖掘条件下对云数据隐私保护的有效性。     

一种基于格的隐私保护聚类数据挖掘方法

由于云计算的诸多优势,用户倾向于将数据挖掘和数据分析等业务外包到专业的云服务提供商,然而随之而来的是用户的隐私不能得到保证.目前,众多学者关注云环境下敏感数据存储的隐私保护,而隐私保护数据分析的相关研究还比较少.但是如果仅仅为了保护数据隐私,而不对大数据进行挖掘分析,大数据也就失去了其潜在的巨大价值.本文提出了一种云计算环境下基于格的隐私保护数据发布方法,利用格加密构建隐私数据的安全同态运算方法,并且在此基础上实现了支持隐私保护的云端密文数据聚类分析数据挖掘服务.为保护用户数据隐私,用户将数据加密之后发布到云服务提供商,云服务提供商利用基于格的同态加密算法实现隐私保护的k-means、隐私保护层次聚类以及隐私保护DBSCAN数据挖掘服务,但云服务提供商并不能直接访问用户数据破坏用户隐私.与现有的隐私数据发布方法相比,论文的隐私数据发布基于格的最接近向量困难问题（CVP）和最短向量困难问题（SVP）,具有很高的安全性.同时算法有效保持了密文数据间距离的精确性,与现有研究相比挖掘结果也具有更高的精确性和可用性.论文对方法的安全性进行了理论分析并设计实验对提出的隐私保护数据挖掘方法效率进行评估,实验结果表明本文提出的基于格的隐私保护数据挖掘算法与现有的方法相比具有更高的数据分析精确性和更高的计算效率.     

云环境下基于 ECC的数字认证技术的研究*

云计算技术的发展正在使得计算机世界发生着巨大的变革,随之而来是人们对云计算安全问题的热议,其中云计算的虚拟化安全和用户隐私数据保护问题已成为目前广大研究者关注的焦点,文章阐述了虚拟化对云计算带来的好处及其安全问题对云计算安全的影响,针对目前虚拟的云环境下所面临的用户隐私数据安全保护问题及应对策略进行分析,为了保护用户隐私数据在虚拟的云环境下不被泄露或窃取,文章提出了利用基于ECC算法的数字认证技术在虚拟机与云计算用户之间建立一种单线排他的认证连接,来实现在虚拟的云环境下用户隐私数据的安全保护与绝对隔离,使云计算能够更加安全地为人们提供服务。     

多云存储中保护隐私的数据完整性验证方案

随着云存储的应用,越来越多的用户选择将数据分散地存储在多个云服务器上,但是这种远程存储方式给用户数据的完整性带来了挑战。同时,代替用户校验数据完整性的第三方审计（TPA）近来也被指出存在泄露用户数据隐私的风险。针对现有的远程数据安全性、隐私性及高效验证的问题,提出一种多用户多服务器环境下支持隐私保护的批处理数据完整性验证方案。方案在一般群模型和随机谕言机模型下是可证明安全的。性能分析和实验表明,与其他在多用户多服务器环境下拓展并保护隐私的方案相比,该方案具有较低的通信复杂度和计算复杂度。     

基于属性分类的分布式大数据隐私保护加密控制模型设计

在分布式大数据的存储和传输过程中,数据极易被恶意用户攻击,造成数据的泄露和丢失。为提高分布式大数据的存储和传输安全性,设计了基于属性分类的分布式大数据隐私保护加密控制模型。挖掘用户隐私数据,以分布式结构存储。根据分布式隐私数据特征,判断数据的属性类型。利用Logistic混沌映射,迭代生成数据隐私保护密钥,通过匿名化、混沌映射、同态加密等步骤,实现对隐私数据的加密处理。利用属性分类技术,控制隐私保护数据访问进程,在传输协议的约束下,实现分布式大数据隐私保护加密控制。实验结果表明,设计模型的明文和密文相似度较低,访问撤销控制准确率高达98.9%,在有、无攻击工况下,隐私数据损失量较少,具有较好的加密、控制性能和隐私保护效果,有效降低了隐私数据的泄露风险,提高了分布式大数据的存储和传输安全性。     

外包数据隐私保护环境中数据完整性检测协议

随着大规模云计算数据中心服务器在全球范围内的广泛部署,其低投入,可扩展性强等特点,为这些拥有大数据量的公司或事业单位存储数据提供了便利,并节约了构建IT环境的资金成本,但是在这种数据外包环境下,这必将涉及到信息安全与隐私保护问题.在保证安全性和准确性的前提下,本文提出了基于保护隐私的数据外包存储模型.与数据隐私保护挖掘算法相结合,提出了基于数据通信的数据完整性检测协议,该协议使用数据安全技术,从安全的多角度出发,包括数据传输安全,数据挖掘安全,完整性安全等,使得第三方服务器变得可信.     

物联网环境下云数据存储安全及隐私保护策略研究

物联网依托云计算强大的数据处理能力实现信息智能,而目前云计算对数据和服务的管理并不值得用户完全信赖。针对物联网环境下云数据安全性问题,在云计算中为了保证用户数据的准确性和隐私性,提出了一种物联网环境下云数据存储安全及隐私保护策略。实验结果表明该方案有效、灵活,且能抵御Byzantine失效、恶意修改数据甚至是服务器共谋攻击。     

情景感知数据挖掘中隐私泄露限制方法探讨

作为未来移动电子商务的重要应用--情景感知,其通过对于海量的客户相关数据进行数据挖掘,并对用户的行为模型进行判断,进而为用户提供先知先觉的便捷服务.然而在情景感知为我们未来的生活带来无限便利的同时,也使得用户个人隐私面临巨大的泄露危险.本文对于数据挖掘中的隐私泄露给出了基于概率论的定义,并且依据该定义对如何判定和限制用户的隐私泄露进行了探讨,最后给出了"放大法"对于隐私泄露进行有效的限制.     

云计算环境安全综述

伴随云计算技术的飞速发展,其所面临的安全问题日益凸显,在工业界和学术界引起了广泛的关注.传统的云基础架构中存在较高安全风险,攻击者对虚拟机的非法入侵破坏了云服务或资源的可用性,不可信的云存储环境增大了用户共享、检索私有数据的难度,各类外包计算和云应用需求带来了隐私泄露的风险.该文从云计算环境下安全与隐私保护技术的角度出发,通过介绍云虚拟化安全、云数据安全以及云应用安全的相关研究进展,分析并对比典型方案的特点、适用范围及其在安全防御和隐私保护方面的不同效用,讨论已有工作的局限性,进而指出未来发展趋势和后续研究方向.     

大数据计算环境下的隐私保护技术研究进展

批处理、流式计算和机器学习等分布式的大数据计算环境在云上的广泛部署与应用,为云用户带来了极大的便利,但随之带来的隐私数据泄露事件愈演愈烈.如何在这种云上部署的大数据计算环境下保护数据隐私成为一个研究热点,本文对近些年国内外在该领域的最新隐私保护研究成果及进展进行了全面综述.针对上述大数据计算环境下的参与角色及应用场景,...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.