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微滤和超滤膜技术处理微污染水源水的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
从天然有机物(NOM)、藻类、病毒处理等几个方面阐述微滤和超滤膜技术在微污染水源水处理中的研究进展.分析近期国内外关于NOM、悬浮物和无机离子形成膜污染的理论,认为应根据不同水源水质具体分析膜污染形成原因.针对微污染水源水处理,简述物理化学法、高级氧化法对水源进行预处理和采用适宜操作压力、紊流曝气、控制反应pH优化操作条件,以控制膜污染的研究现状,并介绍超声波清洗这一新型膜清洗方法的研究情况.最后,对微滤和超滤膜技术应用于饮用水处理领域研究的方向进行分析. 相似文献
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研究了陶瓷膜微滤Ti O2-PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)悬浆液体系,分析了微滤过程的膜阻力Rm、滤饼层阻力Rc和孔阻力Ri,并考察了反冲、湍流促进器的强化作用和相应的有效清洗方法.研究结果表明,微滤Ti O2悬浆液总阻力以膜自身阻力Rm为主,其次为滤饼层阻力Rc,反冲和湍流促进器均能显著降低微滤阻力,采用物理机械法和0.1 mol/L的HNO3溶液化学法均能有效实现膜清洗;微滤PAM水溶液及PAM-Ti O2悬浆液体系的总阻力以孔阻力Ri为主,其次为凝胶层阻力Rc,湍流促进器可有效降低微滤阻力,采用0.1 mol/L的HNO3溶液、0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液和质量分数1%H2O2溶液的组合清洗工艺,可使膜通量恢复率达到96.5%. 相似文献
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集成膜过程污水深度处理工艺 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
介绍了集成膜过程及其在污水深度处理方面的应用.集成膜过程是将超遽/微遽与反渗透(或纳滤)相结合,形成能够满足各种回用目的的污水深度处理集成工艺.PVDF、PP、PE、PES等超滤/微滤膜,抗污染反渗透复合膜具有化学稳定性高、耐污染、装填密度高等特点,适宜于规模化污水处理.污水处理用超滤/微滤膜以中空纤维为主,系统技术采用了低压运行、频繁(气水、透过液)反冲、气水冲洗等抗污染工艺,能够维持稳定的通量、运行维护费用较低、产水质量稳定.二级出水的集成膜系统工艺已成熟并得以广泛推广,针对原废水的集成膜工艺(膜生物反应器 反渗透)还需要进一步的工程化研究. 相似文献
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微滤和反渗透膜组合工艺浓缩罗汉果汁的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用微滤(MF)和反渗透(RO)膜组合工艺浓缩罗汉果汁.研究了反渗透膜浓缩罗汉果汁的最佳操作运行条件:压力1.4~1.6 MPa,温度36±1℃,浓缩比达到4.6时对膜进行化学清洗以恢复膜通量.由于反渗透法对预处理技术要求较高,采用微滤陶瓷复合膜作为预处理系统,能够很好地保持反渗透膜的通量.这种膜组合处理效果较佳,得到的果汁澄清透明.反渗透法预浓缩罗汉汁比蒸发法大大节省了能耗. 相似文献
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This article looks at the benefits of wastewater reuse for industrial and municipal applications. It demonstrates how continuous microfiltration pretreatment to reverse osmosis can reduce capital and operating costs of reverse osmosis systems, improve their efficiency and enable reliable operation on a wider variety of water sources. This information is supported by operational data from a number of continuous microfiltration/reverse osmosis installations worldwide on difficult-to-treat feed waters. 相似文献
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微滤膜过滤过程中比阻的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
压力驱动膜过程中的微滤是分离均相混合物的化工单元操作,随着过程的进行,将在膜表面上形成沉积层,过滤速率将随之下降.沉积层阻力的大小是衡量过滤难易程度的重要参数.比阻是确定阻力大小的基础.分别从微滤过程中比阻的分类、影响因素、定量测定三个方面作了简要介绍. 相似文献
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旋转切向流强化管式膜微滤机理研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
首次设计出了旋转切向流管式膜分离器及其实验系统,通过理论研究和实验测试,系统地研究了旋转直线切向流和旋转圆弧切向流聚丙烯管式膜微滤的流场特征,揭示了旋转切向流强化膜微滤的机理。 相似文献
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The use of microfiltration for removing from solutions Cs, Sr, Co, Zr, Ce, and Pu radionuclides and corrosion products, Fe(III) compounds, was studied. The microfiltration method is efficient for removing radionuclides of readily hydrolyzable elements (Co, Zr, Ce, Pu, etc.) from neutral or weakly alkaline solutions. In the presence of freshly precipitated iron(III) hydroxide, the decontamination efficiency is still higher, reaching 97–99%. High (99.5%) efficiency of the retention of the apparatus corrosion product, finely dispersed precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide, by a microfiltration membrane in treatment of lithium salt solutions was demonstrated. The microfiltration is inefficient in removal of ionic species of Cs and Sr radionuclides. For the removal of these radionuclides by microfiltration, the use of collectors capable of specific adsorption of these radionuclides was suggested, namely, the use of potassium nickel ferrocyanide precipitate for Cs radionuclides and of manganese dioxide and barium sulfate precipitates for Sr radionuclides. The efficiency of the removal of 137Cs and 85Sr radionuclides using specific collectors reaches 97–99%. 相似文献
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Recent advances and avenues for further research and development in three specific fields of membrane science and technology
are reviewed. The potential of membrane processes for gas separation has been considerably improved by the development of
new materials combining high permeability and selectivity. While working correlations between polymer structure and permeation
characteristics have been evolved, there is need to further develop our basic understanding of this relationship. The second
field reviewed is that of improving the separation characteristics of porous membrane filtration (ultra-/microfiltration).
Recent promising approaches include the fabrication of membranes with uniform porosities, new module configurations and the
manipulation of feed chemistries. The third area highlighted is that of hybrid membrane processes. These are considered both
as integrated processes in which the membrane process operates in conjunction with another unit operation or as a coupled
transport process in which the basic functioning of the membrane is intimately coupled with another physical or chemical process
in single unit operation. The scope for basic research in these fields is indicated. 相似文献