二极管型非制冷红外探测器的前端电路设计

设计了一种二极管型非制冷红外探测器的前端电路,该电路采用Gm-C-OP积分放大器的结构,将探测器输出的微弱电压信号经跨导放大器(OTA)转化为电流信号,再经电容反馈跨阻放大器(CTIA)积分转化为电压信号输出。该OTA采用电流反馈型结构,可以获得比传统OTA更高的线性度和跨导值。输入采用差分结构,可以有效地消除环境温度及制造工艺对探测器输出信号的影响。电路采用0.35 m CMOS工艺进行设计并流片,5 V电源电压供电。Gm-C-OP积分放大器总面积0.012 6 mm2,当输入差分电压为0~5 mV时,测试结果表明:OTA跨导值与仿真结果保持一致,Gm-C-OP积分放大器可实现对动态输入差分信号到输出电压的线性转化,线性度达97%,输出范围大于2 V。     

用于ECG的低通带衰减OTA-C滤波器设计

以心电图(ECG)检测为应用背景,采用电流互抵技术和线性区晶体管偏置结构设计了一种超低跨导、高线性度的跨导运算放大器(OTA),其跨导达到了nA/V量级。在此基础上,根据信号传输函数搭建了一个4阶低通滤波器电路模型,其截止频率为250 Hz,通带衰减为0.4 dB,带内平均噪声为90.53 μV(rms)·Hz-1/2,在ECG应用中拥有67 dB的动态范围(THD≤1%)。使用Cadence Spectre软件进行仿真和调试,最后进行版图设计并流片。在不包括静电结构和压焊点的情况下,芯片版图面积为0.027 mm²。电路供电电压为1.8 V,具有很高的集成度,能应用于便携式ECG集成电路中。     

一种基于OTA的降压型LED恒流电路

设计了一种LED恒流驱动电路,芯片内部电路由误差放大模块和PWM波形产生模块组成,外部电路为一个BUCK型恒流电路。误差放大模块中采用了一个跨导放大器,将采样电压与基准电压做比较,产生误差电流,反馈电容作为跨导放大器的负载,产生了误差电压信号。误差信号与锯齿波相比较产生PWM信号,控制外部BUCK电路的开关管对LED电流进行平衡。采用CSMC0.5μm的标准CMOS工艺库进行电路仿真,结果表明本电路电流平衡的稳定度较高,满足中小功率的LED串并联的驱动。     

电流激励神经信号再生电路

介绍了一种电流激励神经信号再生电路,该电路由探测电路和激励电路组成。探测电路由全差分运算放大器和仪表放大器组成。全差分运算放大器从神经元上端探测并放大神经信号,仪表放大器对信号进一步放大。最后激励级的跨导放大器将电压线性的转化为电流。电路采用CSMC0.5μmCMOS工艺设计,芯片版图尺寸为0.93mm×0.60mm。芯片的仿真结果为：在±2.5V供电电压下,功耗为8.1mW,输出电流最高可达0.357mA,输出电阻为152kΩ,总谐波失真小于1.9%。     

一种多输出压控电流差分跨导放大器的设计

提出了一种具有Z端复制输出、跨导可由电压调节的电流差分跨导放大器（MO-VCCDTA）。该电路采用低压高性能电流镜作为电流输入级,降低了消耗的电压余度、输入阻抗与传输误差;利用MOS管的线性组合,实现了可由电压控制跨导的跨导放大级。采用SMIC 0.18um CMOS工艺进行仿真,结果表明：在 0.9V电源电压下,电路的线性输入范围为-100uA-100uA,输入电阻约为10Ω;跨导值可在0.34mS-1.56mS内线性变化,Iz/Ii、Ix/Ii的-3dB带宽分别为131MHz、88MHz;电路总功耗为2.8mW。最后,仅采用两个该模块和两个接地电容得到了电流模式通用二阶滤波器。     

单片集成CMOS光接收前端电路设计

文中采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了适用于芯片间光互连的的接收机前端放大电路,将跨阻放大器(TIA)和限幅放大器(LA)集成于同一块芯片中.跨阻放大器采用调制型共源共栅(RGC)结构来提高其带宽,限幅放大器采用二阶有源反馈结构和有源电感负载来获得高的增益带宽积.整个接收机前端放大电路具有85dB中频增益,-3dB带宽为4.36GHz.芯片的面积为1mm×0.7mm,在1.8V电源电压下功耗为144mW.     

高性能Rail-to-Rail恒定跨导CMOS运算放大器

基于UMC的0.6μm BCD 2P2M工艺,探讨了一种高性能Rail-to-Rail恒定跨导CMOS运算放大器.该运算放大器的输入级采用互补差分对,其尾电流由共模输入信号来控制,以此来保证输入级的总跨导在整个共模范围内保持恒定.输出级采用ClassAB类控制电路,并且将其嵌入到求和电路中,以此减少控制电路电流源引起的噪声和失调.为了优化运算放大器低频增益、频率补偿、功耗及谐波失真,求和电路采用了浮动电流源来偏置.该运算放大器采用米勒补偿实现了18MHz的带宽,低频增益约为110dB,Rail-to-Rail引起的跨导变化约为15%,功耗约为10mW.     

全摆幅运算放大器的设计

设计了一种全摆幅输入的运算放大器。通过恒定跨导结构实现互补输入差分对共模输入电压在轨到轨范围内对恒定跨导的控制。设计中在输出结构里使用了电流求和电路,以达到输出信号相加,实现单端输出的功能。采用Spectre进行仿真,电源电压5V时,低频增益84dB,单位增益带宽12MHz。     

一种基于低压差线性稳压器的放大器设计

设计了一种静态电流约为0.6μA的运算跨导放大器电路,并已经成功地应用于一款超低静态电流的新一代低压差线性稳压器芯片中。此放大器的突出优点是与Foldback过流保护电路融合在一起,使得芯片不需要专门的限流模块,大大减少了器件与电流支路,极大地提高了电流利用率,实现了超低功耗。     

一种用于低边电流检测的可编程增益放大器

基于0.5μm BCD工艺,设计了一种用于低边电流检测的可编程增益放大器（Programmable Gain Amplifier,PGA）。采用了电流模闭环可编程增益放大器结构,将传统电压模反馈电阻网络对采样电路的漏电流影响减小到纳安级别。设计了一种全差分高精度可变跨导放大器,给PGA提供了更加精准的可变增益。仿真结果表明,PGA放大倍数为4时,测量误差为0.2%,PGA放大倍数为256时,测量误差为3.11%,总谐波失真小于0.021%,芯片面积为1.5 mm×1.5 mm。     

The effects of constellation density on trellis-coded modulation infading channels

Dense constellations such as 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) have not seen much use in mobile communication because of their greater peak-to-average power ratio and their seemingly greater sensitivity to noise and channel interference. It is demonstrated that dense constellations can actually improve performance. Using a completely analytical method, three constellations are compared with the same net throughput of 2 bits/symbol: uncoded QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying), rate 2/3 TCM (trellis-coded modulation) 8-PSK and rate 1/2 TCM 16-QAM. Comparison on the basis of average power puts TCM 16-QAM 5-dB ahead of TCM 8-PSK (phase-shift keying). Even comparison on the basis of peak power gives TCM 16-QAM a 2.44-dB advantage over TCM 8-PSK. QPSK is much poorer than either     

A 16-QAM 45-Gbps 7-m Wireless Link Using InP HEMT LNA and GaAs SBD Mixers at 220-GHz-Band

This paper presents a 220-GHz-band 7-m wireless link with a 45-Gbps transmission data rate by using 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM).Super-heterodyne...     

100 Gbit/s Nyquist-WDM PDM 16-QAM Transmission over 1200 km SMF-28 with Ultrahigh Spectrum Efficiency

Nyquist wavelength-division multiplexing (N-WDM) allows high spectral efficiency (SE) in long-haul transmission systems.Compared to polarization-division multiplexing quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK),multilevel modulation,such as PDM 16 quadrature-amplitude modulation (16-QAM),is much more sensitive to intrachannel noise and interchannel linear crosstalk caused by N-WDM.We experimentally generate and transmit a 6 × 128 Gbit/s N-WDM PDM 16-QAM signal over 1200 km single-mode fiber (SMF)-28 with amplification provided by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) only.The net SE is 7.47 bit/s/Hz,which to the best of our knowledge is the highest SE for a signal with a bit rate beyond 100 Gbit/s using the PDM 16-QAM.Such SE was achieved by DSP pre-equalization of transmitter-side impairments and DSP post-equalization of channel and receiver-side impairments.Nyquist-band can be used in pre-equalization to enhance the tolerance of PDM 16-QAM to aggressive spectral shaping.The bit-error ratio (BER) for each of the 6 channels is smaller than the forward error correction (FEC) limit of 3.8 × 10-3 after 1200 km SMF-28 transmission.     

A new lattice polynomial perceptron and its applications tofrequency-selective fading channel equalization and ACI suppression

It is expected that the available spectrum for the proposed personal communication networks will soon be at a premium as the user population increases, and using multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM), an bandwidth efficient transmission method for digital signals, may significantly ease the problem. A new lattice polynomial perceptron (LPP), with faster and less input signal-dependent convergence behavior, is presented and applied to frequency-selective slow fading channel equalization and adjacent-channel interference (ACI) suppression in a 16-QAM system. Computer simulation results are given, which shows that, in a 16-QAM system, the performance of LPP is clearly superior to that of the other structures     

Spectrally efficient digital broadcast systems operated in a phasenoise environment

High spectral efficiency combined with power efficiency, is a requirement for high speed digital broadcast satellite systems. The effect of the recovered carrier phase noise and the nonlinearity on the performance of 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) and staggered 16-QAM is investigated and compared. It is found that for the phase noise, 16-QAM is more degraded for a roll-off factor of less than 0.4. For roll-off factor of more than 0.8, staggered 16-QAM has superior performance. For the nonlinearity staggered 16-QAM is more sensitive for a roll-off factor of less than 0.4. It is concluded that coincident 16-QAM is suitable for spectrally efficient digital broadcast systems     

Low-Correlation Sequences Over the QAM Constellation

This paper presents the first concerted look at low correlation sequence families over quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations of size and their potential applicability as spreading sequences in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) setting. Five constructions are presented, and it is shown how such sequence families have the ability to transport a larger amount of data as well as enable variable-rate signaling on the reverse link. Canonical family has period , normalized maximum-correlation parameter bounded above by , where ranges from in the 16-QAM case to for large . In a CDMA setting, each user is enabled to transfer bits of data per period of the spreading sequence which can be increased to bits of data by halving the size of the sequence family. The technique used to construct is easily extended to produce larger sequence families and an example is provided. Selected family has a lower value of but permits only -bit data modulation. The interleaved 16-QAM sequence family, has and supports 3-bit data modulation. The remaining two families are over a quadrature-pulse amplitude modulation (Q-PAM) subset of size of the -QAM constellation. Family has a lower value of in comparison with Family , while still permitting -bit data modulation. Interleaved Family , over the 8-ary Q-PAM constellation, permits 3-bit data modulation and interestingly achieves the Welch lower bound on .     

Rayleigh fading compensation for QAM in land mobile radiocommunications

A pilot symbol-aided Rayleigh fading compensation is investigated for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to achieve highly spectrally efficient land mobile communication systems. The optimum parameters for fading compensation, bit error rate (BER) performance against E_b/N₀ (energy per bit to the noise power spectrum density), adjacent channel interference, and cochannel interference for 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM, and the spectral efficiencies for these modulation schemes in Rayleigh fading environments are investigated by computer simulation. To further verify the effect of pilot symbol-aided fading compensation from a a practical point of view, a 16-QAM modem is implemented, laboratory experiments are executed, and the impact of the dynamic range limitation due to the resolution of the analog-to-digital (A/D) converters is evaluated, along with the imperfection of the analog circuits. It is demonstrated by computer simulation and laboratory experiments that the pilot symbol-aided fading compensation can sufficiently compensate for fast varying Rayleigh fading, and 16-QAM gives the highest spectral efficiency in the case of cellular systems     

Full-duplex hybrid PON/RoF link with the 10 Gbit/s 16-QAM signal for alternative wired and 60 GHz millimeter-wave wireless accesses

A novel full-duplex hybrid access link with 10 Gbit/s 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) wired and wireless converged signal is proposed, which can provide PON access or RoF-based wireless access alternately with centralized lightwave source. The converged signal, consisting of the 10 Gbit/s 16-QAM baseband optical signal and two optical local oscillators (OLOs), is generated by central station and can be decomposed in different patterns at remote base station. For the wired PON access, the identical frequency OLO is used to coherently demodulate the 16-QAM signal; while for the RoF-based wireless access, the 16-QAM signal and its parallel polarized OLO are abstracted as optical millimeter wave by a polarization beam splitter; the other OLO is used as the uplink optical carrier to carry wired or wireless uplink signal. Since the three tones come from the same source, they maintain high coherency even after transmitted over fiber link. The proposed hybrid wired/wireless full-duplex fiber link suffers little from fiber chromatic dispersion. These are verified by simulations for both wired and wireless access applications.     

Further results in the unified analysis of digital communicationsystems

Stein's (1964) method can be extended to the analysis of the bit error probability (BEP) of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), staggered QPSK, and minimum shift keying (MSK) communication systems. The resultant noisy reference BEP waterfall curves are presented. The numerical advantages of this technique and some practical results are discussed. In a parallel manner, the BEP for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) communication systems can be analyzed. This technique is numerically more intensive but is used to generate noisy reference BEP waterfall curves for 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulations. Unfortunately, few carrier synchronizers produce a complex Gaussian reference signal, but pragmatically many reference signals can be accurately approximated by a complex Gaussian at moderate to high SNR. Actual BEP performance and the approximate results are compared