面向绿色制造的工艺规划支持系统及应用

针对绿色制造研究中缺乏明显改善环境友好性的实用方法和工具的问题,开发了一种面向绿色制造的工艺规划支持系统。该系统主要由工艺要素选择、工艺过程优化和工艺方案绿色性评价3个功能模块,以及相应的模型库组成。支撑数据库主要提供各种绿色特性数据,包括工艺绿色特性数据库、工艺清单数据库、机床数据库、刀具数据库和切削液数据库等。在数据库和模型库的支持下,对工艺过程中的原材料消耗、辅助原材料消耗、能量消耗和环境排放物等进行优化和评价,从而辅助工艺人员优化和改善产品和零件制造过程的绿色性。通过某机床厂齿轮工艺过程的规划实例,验证了该系统的可行性。     

基于产品生命周期主线的绿色制造技术内涵及技术体系框架

以产品生命周期为主线,提出一种绿色制造的技术内涵流程。从产品生命周期过程技术层、绿色制造特征技术层、绿色制造评估及监控技术层、绿色制造支撑技术层四个层面对绿色制造的技术体系展开,建立一个较为系统的技术体系框架;其中,产品生命周期过程技术层由绿色设计技术、绿色工艺技术、绿色包装技术、绿色回收处理技术以及绿色再制造技术构成;绿色制造特征技术层从技术特征角度对产品生命周期过程技术层进行分解;绿色制造评估及监控技术层由绿色制造评估技术、绿色制造数据采集技术和绿色制造过程监控技术等构成;绿色制造支撑技术层由绿色制造数据库和知识库、绿色制造技术规范及标准、信息化支持技术等构成。上述框架可为当前我国绿色制造的研究和应用提供一种技术体系参考模型。     

绿色工艺规划的决策模型及应用案例研究

绿色工艺规划是绿色制造的重要组成部分,绿色工艺规划问题实质上是一个决策问题。在绿色制造决策框架模型研究的基础上,从绿色工艺规划的目标体系模型、绿色工艺规划问题的决策变量描述出发,建立了绿色工艺规划的决策模型,并在一个生产实际的工艺规划问题成功地进行了应用。     

基于模型集的面向绿色制造工艺规划策略研究

分析了制造过程的输入，输出，揭示了面向绿色制造工艺规划的内涵，建立了面向绿色制造的工艺规划多目标优化决策总体模型，通过对该模型的分解，构造出面向绿色制造的工艺规划模型集，基于研究建立了一种基于模型集的面向绿色制造工艺规划策略，并开发了相应的面向绿色制造工艺规划的应用支持原型系统。     

绿色制造的内涵、技术体系和发展趋势

绿色制造是一个综合考虑环境影响和资源消耗的现代制造模式,其目标是使得产品从设计、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处理的整个生命周期中,对环境负面影响极小,资源利用率极高,并使企业经济效益和社会效益协调优化。本文在总结国内外现有研究状况的基础上,论述了绿色制造的广义内涵;建立了绿色制造的技术体系框架;然后从绿色制造的全球化特征、社会化支撑系统、绿色制造涉及的系统技术和集成技术、绿色并行工程模式、人工智能和智能制造技术在绿色制造中的作用、绿色制造导致的新兴产业6个方面论述了绿色制造研究的发展趋势。     

基于PDM的绿色生产过程控制技术研究

以改进后的产品数据管理为信息集成平台, 把基于产品数据管理(PDM)的过程控制理论应用于车间生产,从绿色制造的角度对生产过程进行优化,建立了基于产品数据管理的绿色生产过程控制模型及绿色元过程模型。对产品数据管理的数据库和知识库进行了改进,改进后的PDM数据库管理系统将CAD和资源环境信息集成起来,更好地体现了数据和过程的绿色属性,为绿色生产过程控制提供了有效的数据支撑。      

Development of meso-scale milling machine tool and its performance analysis

To overcome the shortcomings of current technologies for meso-scale manufacturing such as MEMS and ultra precision machining, this paper focuses on the investigations on the meso milling process with a miniaturized machine tool. First, the related technologies for the process mechanism studies are investigated based on the analysis of the characteristics of the meso milling process. An overview of the key issues is presented and research approaches are also proposed. Then, a mesoscale milling machine tool system is developed. The subsystems and their specifications are described in detail. Finally, some tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. These tests consist of precision measurement of the positioning subsystem, the test for machining precision evaluation, and the experiments for machining mechanical parts with complex features. Through test analysis, the meso milling process with a miniaturized machine tool is proved to be feasible and applicable for meso manufacturing. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(11): 162–167 [译自: 机械工程学报]     

绿色制造运行模式的研究与应用

针对国内外现有研究缺乏对绿色制造运行模式进行系统分析的状况,首先从系统集成的角度分析了绿色制造运行模式的含义,然后从功能、产品生命周期、制造过程、资源流、环境影响、系统结构等6个视图切入,对绿色制造运行模式进行了较为系统的阐述,进而建立了一种4层结构的绿色制造运行模型,最后结合某机床制造企业进行了应用研究.该企业较好的实施效果验证了通过六视图能够对绿色制造运行模式做出整体的描述,该运行模型可以为企业实施绿色制造提供参考.     

Shared and service-oriented CNC machining system for intelligent manufacturing process

To improve efficiency, reduce cost, ensure quality effectively, researchers on CNC machining have focused on virtual machine tool, cloud manufacturing, wireless manufacturing. However, low level of information shared among different systems is a common disadvantage. In this paper, a machining database with data evaluation module is set up to ensure integrity and update. An online monitoring system based on internet of things and multi-sensors "feel" a variety of signal features to "percept" the state in CNC machining process. A high efficiency and green machining parameters optimization system "execute" service-oriented manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing. The intelligent CNC machining system is applied in production. CNC machining database effectively shares and manages process data among different systems. The prediction accuracy of online monitoring system is up to 98.8% by acquiring acceleration and noise in real time. High efficiency and green machining parameters optimization system optimizes the original processing parameters, and the calculation indicates that optimized processing parameters not only improve production efficiency, but also reduce carbon emissions. The application proves that the shared and service-oriented CNC machining system is reliable and effective. This research presents a shared and service-oriented CNC machining system for intelligent manufacturing process.     

基于工艺约束的生命周期评价与生命周期成本综合评价与优化

为实现环境效益与经济效益的最大化,研究了产品生命周期的制造阶段中生命周期评价与生命周期成本的整合与优化问题.在建立制造阶段整合评价模型的基础上,提出了基于工艺约束的工艺方案优化模型,在获得最优工艺方案的同时,也获得了环境属性、经济属性和技术属性的综合效益最优.最后,通过对4135G型柴油发动机的案例研究,验证了预期的效果.     

Manufacturing system modeling and performance evaluation based on improved stochastic statechart

Stochastic statecharts are widely used in modeling systems. Considering that the comparability between different subsystems can streamline the modeling process, a stochastic statechart is improved by using the abstract sub-system and general system chart to express the comparability and integrity of a stochastic statechart respectively. Per formance data can be obtained by using a continuous-time Markov chain, which is transformed from a manufacturing system model described by the improved stochastic statechart. The case study shows that the improved stochastic statechart can effectively simplify the modeling and performance evaluation process and the results are useful to the configuration and optimization of a manufacturing system. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2006, 32(8): 693–698 [译自: 北京工业大学学报]     

汽车制造企业绿色制造运行模式及关键技术研究

建立了一种五层结构的基于汽车产品生命周期的汽车制造行业的绿色制造运行框架模型,包括绿色制造环境层、绿色制造系统支撑层、绿色制造汽车产品生命周期主线层、绿色制造过程目标层以及最终目标层,并对汽车产品生命周期中的绿色研发设计、清洁生产和生命周期终期处理系统等关键技术进行了研究。该绿色制造模式在长安汽车公司进行了初步应用,取得了良好的应用效果。     

绿色制造的一种工艺路线决策模型及其求解算法

绿色制造是一个综合考虑环境影响和资源效率的现代制造模式,工艺路线的确定是绿色制造过程中的关键问题之一。基于现有解决工艺路线决策问题的研究成果,建立了一种面向绿色制造的工艺路线决策模型,旨在优化产品制造工艺过程、节约制造过程中的物料和能源的消耗和减少废弃物的排放和污染;并对工艺路线决策的现有算法进行了探讨。针对现有算法的不足,将遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合对该模型进行求解,并用案例来验证模型的实用性和算法的可行性。     

虚拟产品制造规划中仿真优化技术的研究与应用

论述了制造系统的仿真与优化技术在规划中所起的巨大作用,提出了将工艺计划和生产计划的集成规划置于制造系统仿真的多级优化环境框架,并对仿真优化的目标进行层次分类,最后通过生产线系统设计实例,验证了本文的部分核心思想,为工程师进行产品制造规划提供了有力的前瞻性预测工具。     

A Further Discussion on Trends in the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

This paper is a supplement to “Trends in the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Technology” (Yang and Wu in Chin. J. Mech. Eng., 39: 73, 2003) but delves deeper into it. It first points out the strategic status of manufacturing industry in state development. Then, a detailed analysis is given on the features and trends in the development of advanced manufacturing technology in a total of 12 points from three aspects: “precision,” “extreme,” and “culture” from the aspect of the product itself; “green,” “rapidness,” “saving,” and “efficiency” during the manufacturing process; and “digit,” “auto,” “integration,” “networking,” and “intelligence” in view of the manufacturing method. In addition, it emphasizes that all the above aspects should be based on two base points: “manufacture” and “machinery.” Finally, it puts forth the guiding ideologies for the development of advanced manufacturing technology and the aspects China should give priority to in development, while stressing on the principles of independence, innovation and “human orientation.”     

基于特征的制造工艺资源建模与检索方法研究

为表达制造工艺资源特征层次结构、分类结构及资源对象关系,采用面向对象与特征建模技术构建了制造工艺资源特征模型,用特征映射技术描述零件结构特征与加工特征、加工特征与加工方法特征、加工方法与制造工艺资源特征的映射关系和模糊决策方法。研究了用工序特征描述工艺设计过程所对应的资源特征的集,并以形式化表示,提出了从制造工艺资源数据库中检索工序资源特征,以特征参数的相似性计算来检索与工序匹配的资源特征的检索算法。最后,将该方法应用于工艺设计中制造工艺资源特征与工序特征的匹配。     

Path space approach for planning 2d shortest path based on elliptic workspace geometry mapping

A new algorithm for planning a collision-free path based on algebraic curve is developed and the concept of collision-free Path Space (PS) is introduced. This paper presents a Geometry Mapping (GM) based on two straight curves in which the intermediate connection point is organized in elliptic locus (δ. θ). The GM produces two-dimensional PS that is used to create the shortest collision-free path. The elliptic locus of intermediate connection point has a special property in that the total distance between the focus points through a point on ellipse is the same regardless of the location of the intermediate connection point on the ellipse. Since the radial distance, δ, represents the total length of the path, the collision-free path can be found as the GM proceeds from δ=0 (the direct path) to δ5=δ_max(the longest path) resulting in the minimum time search. The GM of elliptic workspace (EWS) requires calculation of interference in circumferential direction only. The procedure for GM includes categorization of obstacles to reduce necessary calculation. A GM based on rectangular workspace (RWS) using Cartesian coordinate is also considered to show yet another possible GM. The transformations of PS among Circular Workspace Geometry Mapping (CWS GM), Elliptic Workspace Geometry Mapping (EWS GM), and Rectangular Workspace Geometry Mapping (RWS GM), are also considered. The simulations for the EWS GM on various computer systems are carried out to measure performance of algorithm and the results are presented.     

面向加工特征的工件制造过程能耗预测方法

在工件的制造过程中,具有多个特征的工件在加工时,其加工特征的能耗属性不同,为了研究在工件不同的加工特征对能耗的影响,创建了面向加工特征的工件制造过程能耗预测模型。首先,将工件看成单个加工特征的集合体,其次对工件特征切削功率的分析,创建有关切削功率的能耗数学模型;然后采用GM(1,1)模型完成工件加工时其切削功率的灰色建模,实现整个工件能耗的预测过程,最后通过对冲床顶支座的加工过程为例,说明了该模型的准确性。     

绿色切削的关键技术及应用

绿色制造是人类社会可持续发展的基础。是制造业未来的发展方向，实施绿色切削势在必行。干切削较之湿切削是一种创新的绿色制造工艺。分析了传统切削方式及其对外部系统的影响。研究了干切削的关键技术：刀具技术、机床技术、准干切削技术、绿色切削液技术及其应用。提出了实现绿色切削之措施。     

生产过程资源环境属性综合评价支持系统

针对生产过程资源环境属性评价研究中缺乏实用方法和工具的问题,开发了一种制造企业生产过程资源环境属性综合评价支持系统.该系统主要由资源环境属性分析模块、资源环境属性评价模块、生产过程优化模块,以及支撑数据库和模型库模块等组成.在数据库和模型库等的支持下,对生产过程中的原材料消耗、辅助原材料消耗、能最消耗和环境排放物等进行综合评价,诊断生产过程中资源消耗和严重影响环境的关键工艺和过程,并辅助工艺人员改善和优化生产过程的绿色性.通过在某机床厂齿轮生产过程中的应用,验证了该系统的可行性.