脂肪替代物在低脂人造黄油中的应用研究进展

人造黄油又称人造奶油,其风味独特,口感细腻,营养价值很高,一直深受消费者的喜爱。但随着人们日益增长的健康意识,食品营养所受到的关注也越来越多。人造黄油脂肪含量较高,经常食用易对人体健康造成损害,单纯减少人造黄油中的脂肪含量会对黄油整体品质造成很大的影响,因此,如何取代人造黄油中的高热量油脂已经成为了热门的研究方向。本文综述了不同基质的脂肪替代物及其在低脂人造黄油中的应用研究,旨在脂肪替代物在低脂人造黄油中的进一步开发研究提供一定的帮助。     

低脂凝胶类肉制品脂肪替代及改性的研究进展

我国作为肉制品消费总量最高的国家,其中低脂凝胶类肉制品十分符合当今人们的消费观念和健康的饮食理念.单纯将脂肪含量降低势必会影响肉制品品质,因此,在保持产品品质或对产品品质影响较小的同时降低脂肪含量成为肉制品研究热点.本文主要概述了脂肪替代及非热加工技术的分类和特点,着重论述低脂凝胶类肉制品中碳水化合物类脂肪替代物,常见...     

脂肪替代品在烘焙行业中的研究进展

用脂肪替代品替代烘焙产品中的脂肪,可维持食物本身的美味且减少脂肪含量,有利于消费者的健康,具有广阔的市场前景。为了给脂肪替代品在烘焙行业中的应用提供更多的理论支持,该文讨论了脂肪的形式及其在烘焙产品质构和感官品质方面的作用,并从脂肪替代物(olestra和salatrim)、脂肪模拟物(淀粉、改性淀粉、麦芽糖糊精、聚葡萄糖、胶体、纤维素和蛋白质)和复合型脂肪替代物3个方面对国内外低脂烘焙产品特点以及应用进行总结分析,最后对烘焙产品中脂肪替代品的发展方向进行了展望。     

乳液凝胶替代动物脂肪在肉制品中应用的研究进展

随着消费者越来越注重饮食与健康之间的关系,如何替代肉制品中含有大量饱和脂肪酸的动物脂肪已经成为肉品科学领域研究的热点问题。然而,单纯地过多降低动物脂肪使用量会大大降低肉制品的风味和柔嫩多汁的口感。近年来,利用具有独特结构和功能特性的乳液凝胶作为一种新型的动物脂肪替代物越来越受到重视。本文在国内外相关研究的基础上,全面综述了乳液凝胶的制备方法、品质特性和在低脂肉制品中的应用情况,以期为乳液凝胶替代动物脂肪在肉制品中的应用提供良好的理论依据,也为生产高附加值的新型健康低脂肉制品提供创新性技术指导。     

脂肪替代物在肉制品中应用研究进展

近几年人们对于肉制品的摄入量逐渐增加,而传统肉制品中较高的脂肪含量给人们带来了很多慢性疾病。由于脂肪替代物在肉制品中的应用可有效降低脂肪的摄入,且能预防高脂膳食所引起的一系列疾病,弥补脂肪的减少给肉制品所带来的口味上的损失,因此低脂肉制品的研究势在必行。本文基于国内外脂肪替代物的发展现状,从单一型脂肪替代物(蛋白质类、碳水化合物类、脂质类)和复合型脂肪替代物(由不同基质来源物按照一定比例结合在一起协同发挥脂肪替代作用的混合物)2个方面阐述了各自对于低脂肉制品的感官特性和质构特性影响的研究进展还有脂肪替代物应用中存在的问题,并对脂肪替代物发展方向做出了展望,以期为低脂肉制品的研发提供一定的参考。     

脂肪替代品在肉制品中的研究与应用进展

介绍了脂肪替代品的种类、特点和最新研究情况，主要介绍了脂肪模拟品在低脂肉制品中的应用进展。论述了脂肪模拟品应用在低脂肉制品中给产品的性质和感官特性带来的一些影响作用。以期为低脂肉制品的加工提供一些理论基础。     

多孔淀粉在低脂贡丸中的代脂研究

贡丸是一种广受欢迎的肉制品，但其脂肪含量较高，随着人们对自身健康程度的不断关注，低脂热食品的需求不断增加。本文研究了用多孔淀粉替代贡丸中部分脂肪，有效地降低了贡丸的脂肪含量，同时降低了产品成本，基本达到了原高脂贡丸所具有的口感和质构。     

Comparison of full-fat and low-fat cheese analogues with or without pectin gel through microstructure, texture, rheology, thermal and sensory analysis

The effects of pectin gel and protein base on processed semi-solid cheese analogues were studied through microstructure, texture, rheology, thermal analysis and sensory evaluation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in the microstructure of processed cheese analogues. Samples made with full-fat contained higher concentrations of fat globules and were denser compared with low-fat cheese analogues with or without pectin gel. The pectin gel in the products acted as a linkage with other ingredients and made the products more compact and had less cavity compared with the products without pectin gel added. On rheological analysis, the full-fat products manifested a more solid-like form. The storage modulus of pectin gel sample was higher than that without pectin gel. All the samples' rheological parameters were depending on the oscillatory frequency and temperature. In low-fat samples, pectin gel added or not affected the hardness, gumminess, chewiness and adhesiveness significantly. The pectin gel addition show positive effect to the texture profile of the low-fat cheese analogues. Through thermal analysis, the meltability and glass transition temperature of the processed cheese analogues were measured. The low-fat cheese analogue with pectin gel addition got the higher texture and mouthfeel scores through sensory evaluation.     

低脂食品设计原理与研究现状

随着社会发展及科技水平的提高,人们逐渐意识到过度肥胖可能引发一系列健康问题,低脂肪含量的健康食品一度成为新的消费热点。但是单纯降低食品中的脂肪含量可能会破坏食品的口感、风味及营养属性,所以全球范围内相关领域的食品科学家致力于开发新型健康美味的低脂食品,本文主要介绍了低脂食品的设计原理及研究现状,希望能帮助读者了解该领域的发展前景并为新型低脂健康食品的研发提供思路。     

低脂低钠肉类制品的研究进展

综述了脂肪、钠盐替代物的种类、特点和最新研究进展,论述了脂肪、钠盐替代品应用在低脂、低钠肉制品中对制品外观、质构、口感和风味等的影响作用,以期为低脂、低钠肉制品研究开发提供参考。     

Antioxidative Fat Replacer and High-Monounsaturated Oil Used for Pork Fat in Precooked Sausage

One high-fat and four low-fat pork sausage formulations were made: P30 with 30% pork fat (P); P11-W with 11% P and 10% added water (W); P11-WC with 11% P, 9.5% W and 0.5% carrageenan (C); Pso11-WC with 6% P plus 5% high-oleic sunflower oil (So), 9.5% W and 0.5% C; and Pso11-WGcf with 6% P plus 5% So, 7.0% W and 3% defatted glandless cottonseed flour (Gcf). Sausage patty cooking yield was highest for P11-WC and Pso11-WGcf. TBA values for refrigerated precooked patties were lowest for Pso11-WGcf, whereas carrageenan had a prooxidant effect in low-fat patties made with all-pork fat. The oil had no adverse effects on lipid oxidation and sensory properties of low-fat patties with C. The monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio increased by 53–71% in the So-containing low-fat patties when compared to P11-W and P11-WC patties.     

Future trends of processed meat products concerning perceived healthiness: A review

The 21st-century consumer is highly demanding when it comes to the health benefits of food and food products. In the pursuit of attracting these consumers and easing the rise in demand for high-quality meat products, the processed meat sector is intensely focused on developing reformulated, low-fat, healthy meat products. Meat and meat products are considered the primary sources of saturated fatty acids in the human diet. Therefore, these reformulation strategies aim to improve the fatty acid profile and reduce total fat and cholesterol, which can be achieved by replacing animal fat with plant-based oils; it could be performed as direct inclusion of these oils or pre-emulsified oils. However, emulsions offer a viable option for incorporating vegetable oils while avoiding the multiple issues of direct inclusion of these oils in meat products. Processed meat products are popular worldwide and showing a gradually increasing trend of consumption. Various types of plant-based oils have been studied as fat replacers in meat products. This review will focus on possible methods to reduce the saturated fatty acid content in meat products.     

乳清蛋白-黄油乳液凝胶对低脂酸奶理化特性及品质的影响

乳液凝胶是一种新型的脂肪替代物,乳清蛋白和黄油是乳品中常用的原、辅料,利用乳清蛋白和黄油制作的乳液凝胶在乳制品加工中具有良好的应用前景。制备不同蛋白和脂肪含量的乳清蛋白-黄油乳液凝胶颗粒(whey protein-butter emulsion gel particles,WPI-EG),研究其对低脂酸奶理化特性及感官品质的影响,通过分析酸奶的持水力、质构、流变、微观结构及感官评价等指标,评价WPI-EG在低脂酸奶中的作用。结果表明,WPI-EG(5.5%蛋白质,7.9%脂肪)改善了酸奶的质构特性,硬度、稠度、黏聚性及胶着度显著增加,持水力增强。添加WPI-EG的实验组低脂酸奶的表观黏度显著高于对照组低脂酸奶。电镜结果显示,随着添加的WPI-EG中蛋白质和脂肪质量分数的增加,酸奶网络结构更加紧密。5.5%PR感官评价得分较高,具有较好的香气、润滑感和组织状态(酸奶中的WPI-EG添加量为10.9%)。研究显示,特定蛋白和脂肪含量的WPI-EG在酸奶中能够作为脂肪替代物和稳定剂,显著提升低脂酸奶的品质。     

Rheology of Full-fat and Low-fat Cheddar Cheeses as Related to Type of Fat Mimetic

Cheeses with 60% reduced fat were prepared with three fat mimetics and viscoelasticity was studied. Storage and loss moduli of low-fat cheeses made with a carbohydrate-based fat mimetic were greater (p < 0.05) than those of low-fat cheeses made with two protein-based fat mimetics or low-fat control cheese, but smaller (p < 0.05) than the storage and loss moduli of full-fat cheese. A six-element Kelvin model properly predicted the creep compliance for the full-fat cheese and the low-fat cheeses made with or without fat mimetics. Low-fat cheese made with a carbohydrate-based fat mimetic had a network structure more similar to full-fat cheese than the low-fat control or samples made with protein-based fat mimetics.     

低热量油脂的发展与应用研究现状

过量摄入油脂会引发一系列的疾病,为了人类的健康,营养与食品学专家致力于开发低热量油脂.对目前国内外在低热量油脂方面的研究开发状况进行了简要介绍,综述了国际、国内已投入生产及正在研究的各种低热量油脂的类型、性质及各产品的功能和应用领域,以期为低热量油脂的研究与生产提供一些参考.     

Pre-Emulsified Corn Oil, Pork Fat, or Added Moisture Affect Quality of Reduced Fat Bologna Quality

Replacing fat with additional water prevented the increase in firmness normally associated with low-fat meat products. Pre-emulsifying the fat or oil also decreased the firmness of reduced-fat bologna. The color of reduced fat bologna was darker for all except the pre-emul-sified corn oil treatments. Redness values for the intact (reduced) fat were the highest of all treatments. Pre-emulsifying fats caused a reduction in redness values for bologna. Flavor and overall acceptability scores from a consumer sensory panel did not differ among bologna samples, but juiciness scores were higher in bologna containing additional water. Accumulated purge in vacuum packages increased with water content in the products and with addition of pre-emulsified oil.     

采用METHOCEL MXTM技术开发低脂肪香肠和肉制品

由于消费者希望降低对脂肪特别是动物脂肪的摄取,诸如香肠类的肉制品已经逐步从消费者的日常饮食中降低使用量.METHOCELTMMX的脂肪替代技术可以使低脂肪的肉制品保持如全脂肉制品一样的优异的风味,提供良好的质构和柔嫩多汁的口感.这项技术使用健康的植物油来替代饱和脂肪酸或氢化植物油,形成形如"矩阵"的乳状液.将METHOCEL MXTM,冷水和植物油结合制成这个乳状液系统,植物油的含量可以是2%60%.本文中描述了一个用METHOCELTMMX的脂肪替代技术制作的10%脂肪含量的香肠,在保持良好质量的前提下,降低脂肪含量27%.     

低脂畜禽及脂肪替代物开发途径研究进展

随着过度肥胖、代谢性疾病和心脑血管疾病等人群比例的上升，人们注重减少饮食中脂肪的摄入。通常，畜禽肉的脂肪含量较高，而上述疾病与脂肪的摄入有很大关系，因此低脂畜禽及脂肪替代物的研究成为食品行业的热点问题。本文综述低脂畜禽的培育方法及脂肪替代物的分类，着重论述新型脂肪替代物的研究现状，系统阐述低脂畜禽及脂肪替代物的开发途径，为低脂畜禽及脂肪替代物的发展提供重要理论依据和创新性思路。     

脂肪替代物在凝胶类调理肉制品中的应用

脂肪在肉制品加工尤其是凝胶类产品中起着十分重要的作用。但随着人们生活水平和保健意识的提高,低脂甚至无脂食品越来越受到消费者的欢迎。本文主要简述了肉制品中降低脂肪含量的主要方式,重点介绍了脂肪替代物的分类、特性及在凝胶类肉制品中的应用效果、问题和注意事项,并展望了脂肪替代物未来的发展趋势,旨在安全有效地降低肉制品中的脂肪含量,为脂肪替代物在低脂食品中的应用提供理论参考依据。