污水厂生化尾水深度化学除磷效果优化及其对颗粒态磷粒径分布的影响

后置化学除磷工艺是实现城市污水处理厂出水总磷(TP)达到地表水IV类标准的经济有效方法。选择合适的除磷剂和助凝剂,以及优化运行参数是保证深度除磷的重要因素。选取聚合氯化铝(PAC),聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合硅酸铝铁(PSAF)作为除磷剂,磁粉和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为助凝剂,利用实际污水处理厂二沉池出水,在不同组合方式和投加量条件下,分析出水中溶解态TP(DTP)和颗粒态TP(PTP)浓度特征,采用正交试验优化深度化学除磷工艺。结果表明,单独采用除磷剂时,PFS对TP去除效果优于PSAF和PAC,投加量为40 mg/L时即可满足出水TP含量小于0.3 mg/L的要求。以PSAF为除磷剂时,PAM和磁粉为助凝剂可以促进除磷剂PSAF对TP的去除效果,减少除磷剂的使用。通过对化学除磷工艺出水的颗粒物粒径分析,发现微粒径的PTP是高标准出水中TP的主要存在形态,优化后置化学除磷条件形成较大TP颗粒粒径,以促进微粒径PTP的重力分离或采用过滤截留分离含磷微絮体是实现深度除磷的技术关键。     

溶解氧浓度对连续流活性污泥工艺反硝化除磷的影响

引言 随着水体富营养化问题的日渐突出,污水处理技术逐渐从单一去除有机物为目的的阶段进入既要去除有机物又要脱氮除磷的深度处理阶段[1].     

Model predictive control for wastewater treatment process with feedforward compensation

Being an optimizing technology, model predictive control (MPC) can now be found in a wide variety of application fields. The main and most obvious control goal to be achieved in a wastewater treatment plant is to fulfill the effluent quality standards, while minimizing the operational costs. In order to maintain the effluent quality within regulation-specified limits, the MPC strategy has been applied to the Benchmark Simulation Model 1 (BSM1) simulation benchmark of wastewater treatment process. After the discussion of open loop responses of outputs to manipulated inputs and measured influent disturbances, the strategies of feedback by linear dynamic matrix control (DMC), quadratic dynamic matrix control (QDMC) and nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC), and improvement by feedforward based on influent flow rate or ammonium concentration have been investigated. The simulation results indicate that good performance was achieved under steady influent characteristics, especially concerning the nitrogen-related species. Compared to DMC and QDMC, NLMPC with penalty function brings little improvement. Two measured disturbances have been used for feedforward control, the influent flow rate and ammonium concentration. It is shown that the performance of feedforward with respect to the influent ammonium concentration is much higher than for the feedforward with respect to the influent flow rate. However, this latter is slightly better than the DMC feedback. The best performance is obtained by combining both feedforward controllers with respect to the influent ammonium concentration and flow rate. In all cases, the improvement of performance is correlated with more aeration energy consumption.     

酿酒废水化学混凝强化除磷研究

针对某酒厂近期出水TP浓度不稳定的问题,采用化学沉淀法作为生物法的辅助工艺,以控制出水TP浓度。通过小试试验考察了药剂组合类型、不同投药点以及投加量对TP去除效果的影响,并确定最佳的参数值。结果表明,采用PAC+PFC+PAM组合药剂,选择BAF出水口处作为投加点,在p H值为6.7~7.7的条件下,直接投加药剂,药剂PAC、PFC的投加量均为0.35 g/L,对出水TP浓度的控制稳定,满足GB 27631—2011《发酵酒精和白酒工业水污染物排放标准》的要求。     

CAST工艺改良对系统强化除磷性能的影响

传统CAST工艺广泛应用于国内各种规模城镇污水处理厂,单凭生物法难以达到城市污水排放一级A标准。采用改良的CAST工艺,在传统CAST工艺基础上引入主反应区独立的搅拌时序,并在实际规模的污水处理厂进行工程示范。通过两阶段的试验,逐步缩短曝气时间延长缺氧搅拌时间,优化聚磷菌的代谢环境,增强聚磷菌的竞争优势。经过改良后的CAST工艺TP去除率达到89.1%,较传统CAST工艺提高了22%,出水TP稳定达到一级A标准。静态试验结果表明改良后的工艺反硝化聚磷菌的比例有所增加, 吸收相似文献   

基于A~3O工艺的工业混合污水处理达标技改研究

采用A~3O工艺和A~3O-絮凝沉淀工艺处理工业混合污水,探讨达标排放的可行性。试验结果表明,接种原污水厂种泥的A~3O工艺试验出水与污水厂CASS工艺实际运行情况相同,出水CODCr浓度均不达标,对NH_3-N无降解能力;接种生活污水厂种泥的A~3O工艺出水CODCr浓度不达标,但NH_3-N最终可稳定达标,置换同样种泥的污水厂CASS工艺,出水CODCr浓度不达标,NH_3-N先降低后升高直至无降解能力。A~3O-絮凝沉淀深度处理试验结果显示,出水NH_3-N、TP浓度可以达标,CODCr的平均去除率为86.2%;SMP分析显示絮凝沉淀后多糖浓度降为0,腐植酸去除率为52%。对A~3O进出水及絮凝沉淀出水相对分子质量检测,发现集中在103~104范围内的物质均占60%左右,且不能有效去除,絮凝后出水CODCr的平均质量浓度为41.6 mg/L,平均去除率为44.2%。     

城市污水处理厂后置化学除磷优化控制探讨

文章通过分析确定昆山某厂后置化学除磷的优化控制宜采取流量比例控制的方式,并通过实验小试及生产实验确定了该厂生物除磷及同步除磷的最低处理目标,即将二沉出水TP控制在1.2 mg/L以下。实验结果表明在二沉出水TP不高于1.2 mg/L,且80%以上为PO3-4时,后置化学除磷PAC的最佳投加量为8 mg/L,最大不宜超过10 mg/L,此条件下对TP的去除率不低于50%。     

水力停留时间对改良型AAO-MBR工艺处理夏季农村生活污水的影响

水力停留时间(HRT)是影响AAO工艺脱氮除磷效率的重要因素.采用改良型AAO-MBR工艺处理某农村生活污水,考察了夏季时HRT对处理装置出水效果的影响.试验结果表明,该工艺对低浓度农村生活污水中CODCr、氨氮的去除效果较稳定,平均去除率分别为69.50％、98.90％.TN去除率为26.50％～56.60％,随厌氧...     

生活污水化学辅助生物除磷的实验研究

在硫酸亚铁、三氯化铁、硫酸铝中进行生活污水化学除磷药剂优选,采用SBR反应器进行生活污水化学辅助生物除磷的实验。结果表明,三种化学除磷药剂中,硫酸亚铁的除磷效果最好,曝气3h末按Fe／TP摩尔比1．5投加,可以使出水磷小于0．5mg／L,增强了出水磷达标的稳定性。投加硫酸亚铁后,出水的电导率上升,pH略微下降,MESS增加了5％,污泥的絮凝沉降性能更好,污泥的颜色偏黑。     

复合式MUCT工艺用于城市污水除磷脱氮的研究

采用复合式MUCT工艺在天津某城市污水处理厂进行试验研究,重点考察了该工艺在不同泥龄条件下的脱氮除磷效果。试验结果表明,投加组合填料可以强化系统的硝化性能。在一定范围内,泥龄的降低有利于提高系统除磷效果。当泥龄为8 d时,出水NH3-N、TP的平均质量浓度分别为5.1、0.8 mg/L,TN的质量浓度小于20 mg/L;当泥龄为6 d时,出水NH3-N的平均质量浓度为7.7 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准。     

ACTIFLO高密度沉淀池应用于污水厂升级改造

为保障出水TP、SS含量及出水稳定性,某污水处理厂在升级改造中新增深度处理工艺——ACTIFLO高密度沉淀池,通过实验室小试和生产性实验优化运行管理,并考察了ACTIFLO高密度沉淀池突发性应急能力.结果表明,高密度沉淀池对TP和SS具有高效稳定的去除效果,出水TP的质量浓度平均达到0.2 mg/L以下,浊度达到1 N...     

连续流砂过滤器处理城市二级出水中试研究

采用连续流砂反硝化过滤工艺对无锡芦村城市污水处理厂二级出水进行脱氮除磷中试研究,以达到出水水质满足GB 18918-2002<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>一级A的排放标准.试验选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)为强化连续流砂反硝化过滤工艺除磷的混凝剂,选用醋酸钠作为碳源补充剂,研究了连续流砂反硝化过滤工艺对污染物的去除效果.结...     

两级A/O工艺处理生活污水脱氮除磷试验

针对传统A2/O工艺存在的泥龄矛盾,将脱氮和除磷分置于前后2套不同的A/O系统中,第一级A/O采用活性污泥法除磷;第二级A/O采用生物膜法脱氮。以生活污水为处理对象进行试验研究。结果表明,在泥龄为6 d、水温为22～28℃,进水NH3-N、TP、COD的质量浓度分别为40～70、2.0～6.0、150～320 mg/L条件下,出水NH3-N、TP、COD的平均质量浓度分别为5.9、1.0、40 mg/L,均达到了城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)中的一级排放标准,其去除率分别为82.5%、69.7%、83.1%。     

Performance assessment of cascade controllers for nitrate control in a wastewater treatment process

A cascade control strategy is proposed to the benchmark simulation model 1 (BSM1) to enhance the treatment performance of nitrogen removal in a biological wastewater treatment plant. The proposed control approach consists of two control loops, a primary outer loop and a secondary inner loop. The method has two controllers of which the primary loop has a model predictive control (MPC) controller and the secondary loop has a proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller, which is a cascade MPC-PID controller. The primary MPC controller is to control the nitrate concentration in the effluent, and the secondary PID controller is to control the nitrate concentration in the final anoxic compartment. The proposed method controls the nitrate concentrations in the effluent as well as in the final anoxic reactor simultaneously to strictly satisfy the quality of the effluent as well as to remove the effects of disturbances more quickly by manipulating the external carbon dosage rate. Because the control performance assessment (CPA) technique has the features of determining the capability of the current controller and locating the best achievable performance, the other novelty of this paper is to suggest a relative closed-loop potential index (RCPI) which updates the CPA technology into a closed-loop cascade controller. The proposed method is compared with a cascade PID-PID control strategy and the original PID controller in BSM1 and an improved performance of the suggested cascade MPC-PID controller is obtained by using the CPA approach.     

Nitrate control strategies in an activated sludge wastewater treatment process

We studied nitrate control strategies in an activated sludge wastewater treatment process (WWTP) based on the activated sludge model. Two control strategies, back propagation for proportional-integral-derivative (BP-PID) and adaptive-network based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), are applied in the WWTP. The simulation results show that the simple local constant setpoint control has poor control effects on the nitrate concentration control. However, the ANFIS (4*1) controller, which considers not only the local constant setpoint control of the nitrate concentration, but also three important indices in the effluent—ammonia concentration, total suspended sludge concentration and total nitrogen concentration—demonstrates good control performance. The results also prove that ANFIS (4*1) controller has better control performance than that of the controllers PI, BP-PID and ANFIS (2*1), and that the ANFIS (4*1) controller is effective in improving the effluent quality and maintaining the stability of the effluent quality.     

农药医药化工园区集中式污水处理厂改造工程实例

针对江苏如东沿海经济开发区集中式污水处理厂原工艺处理出水不达标的问题,对现有水质水量、原处理工艺、运行状况及问题进行分析,提出预处理-强化水解酸化-氧化沟-臭氧高级氧化-BAF的组合处理改造工艺。工程运行结果表明,改造后工艺处理出水COD_(Cr)质量浓度低于70 mg/L,NH_3-N质量浓度低于5 mg/L,TP质量浓度低于0.5 mg/L,三者去除率均达到80%以上,出水水质稳定达到DB 32/939—2006《化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》一级指标要求。     

Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

In this study, the performance of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine wastewater was evaluated. The replacement rate of wastewater was set at 12.5%throughout the exper-iment. The anaerobic and aerobic times were 3 h and 7 h, respectively, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aerobic phase was about 3.95 mg·L?1. The SBBR process demonstrated good performance in treating swine wastewater. The percentage removal of total chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) was 98.2%, 95.7%, 95.6%, and 96.2%at effluent concentrations of COD 85.6 mg·L?1, NH4+-N 35.22 mg·L?1, TN 44.64 mg·L?1, and TP 1.13 mg·L?1, respectively. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phenomenon was observed. Further improvement in removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN occurred at COD/TN ratio of 11:1, with effluent concentrations at NH4+-N 18.5 mg·L?1 and TN 34 mg·L?1, while no such improvement in COD and TP removal was found. Microbial electron microscopy analysis showed that the fil er surface was covered with a thick biofilm, forming an anaerobic–aerobic microenvironment and facilitating the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters. A long-term experiment (15 weeks) showed that stable removal efficiency for N and P could be achieved in the SBBR system.     

一体化活性污泥法（Unitank）工艺同步加药除磷试验

针对一体化活性污泥法（Unitank）I艺除磷效果不稳定的问题,对比三氯化铁、硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝和复合铁铝四种药剂的同步化学除磷效果,分析了药剂投加量对出水总磷（11P）、浊度和pH的影响。通过技术经济分析可知,复合铁铝是Unitank工艺同步化学除磷最经济有效的药剂,其最佳投药量为173．3mg／L,TP去除率为80．1％,出水TP为0．37mg／L,处理成本约为0．067元／gP。     

流量分配比对改良多级A/O污染物的去除影响

针对传统多级A/O工艺处理低碳氮比生活污水除磷效果差的问题,本文通过增设前置厌氧段改良多级A/O工艺,重点研究了流量分配比对低碳氮比生活污水脱氮除磷的影响。系统在温度为(22±4)℃、水力停留时间为8h、污泥龄为14d、活性污泥浓度为2～3g/L、污泥回流比为75%时,系统依次在100%∶0∶0、45%∶30%∶25%、60%∶30%∶10%三种流量分配比下连续运行47d。结果表明,在45%∶30%∶25%的进水比下,COD、氨氮去除效果最佳,去除率分别达到90.24%和96.66%,出水浓度分别为30.97mg/L、2.11mg/L,均优于GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准。三种流量分配比下系统对TN、TP总体去除效果一般,平均去除率为47.31%、49.33%,可通过外加碳源增强反硝化作用及化学除磷进一步降低氮磷出水浓度,出水有望达到一级B标准。改良工艺在保证有机物去除效果的基础上基本实现了脱氮除磷,可为实际生活中处理低C/N生活污水提供参考。     

Enhanced biological nutrient removal in modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic process with return activated sludge pre-concentration☆

A pilot-scale modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic (AAO) process with pre-concentration of returned activated sludge (RAS) was proposed in this study for the enhanced biological nutrient removal (BNR) of municipal wastewater with limited carbon source. The influent carbon source was fed in step while a novel RAS pre-concentration tank was adopted to improve BNR efficiency, and the effects of an influent carbon source distribution ratio and a RAS pre-concentration ratio were investigated. The results show that the removal efficiency of TN is mainly influenced by the carbon source distribution ratio while the TP removal relies on the RAS pre-concentration ratio. The optimum carbon source distribution ratio and RAS pre-concentration ratio are 60%and 50%, respectively, with an inner recycling ratio of 100%under the optimum steady operation of pilot test, reaching an average effluent TN concentration of 9.8 mg·L?1 with a removal efficiency of 63%and an average TP removal efficiency of 94%. The mechanism of nutrient removal is discussed and the kinetics is analyzed. The results reveal that the optimal carbon source distribution ratio provides sufficient denitrifying carbon source to each anoxic phase, reducing nitrate accumulation while the RAS pre-concentration ratio improves the condition of anaerobic zone to ensure the phosphorus release due to less nitrate in the returned sludge. Therefore, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulation organisms play an important role under the optimum condition, enhancing the performance of nutrient removal in this test.