The Reservisor automated airline reservation system: combiningcommunications and computing

Shortly after the beginnings of the computer in the mid-1940s, a machine appeared that was the first in a long line of important commercial systems integrating communications and processing: the Reservisor airline reservation system built by the Teleregister Corporation. A few parts of the original have been preserved at the Smithsonian Institution, and there are enough records to understand both the basic issues in the airline industry that led to the development of this remarkable device and how the machine helped solve some of the problems of rapidly evolving air-transport technology. This article also discusses the place of the Reservisor in the larger view of the development of information technology     

Skylink self-service ticketing terminal: design and ergonomics

Within the next few years, most airlines worldwide will be adopting sophisticated self-service automated systems to enable staff to cope with the predicted increase in airline travel. NCR's new Skylink terminal, designed by Douglas Kelley Associates (DKA), London, is a highly flexible self-service passenger system that can handle flight inquiries, make reservations through the airline's central computer, electronically debit payment for tickets and print and issue tickets. It can also function as a check-in and boarding terminal, providing passes and baggage tags.

This case study paper outlines the many unique factors pertinent to self-service sales terminals. It wilt then plot the development work undertaken by DKA in conjunction with the NCR Corporation in achieving practical results applicable for installations worldwide. Particular attention will be devoted to the airline ticketing and check-in terminals emphasizing the vital importance for ergonomic considerations to be integrated into the engineering and appearance design activities from the beginning. Physical factors of ergonomic concern are carefully illustrated together with the more abstract psychological aspects of anxiety and privacy.

The customer interface by means of VDU screen expression is also discussed and specially programmed computer graphics dialogues shown to illustrate its importance. Other aspects of environmental installation, queueing practices, media replenishment, etc., are included.

A future overview of such systems is explained showing its adaptation to hotel checking-in, car rental control as well as to variations of ticketing, from travel agents to executive offices of the future.     

Skylink self-service ticketing terminal: design and ergonomics

Abstract

Within the next few years, most airlines worldwide will be adopting sophisticated self-service automated systems to enable staff to cope with the predicted increase in airline travel. NCR's new Skylink terminal, designed by Douglas Kelley Associates (DKA), London, is a highly flexible self-service passenger system that can handle flight inquiries, make reservations through the airline's central computer, electronically debit payment for tickets and print and issue tickets. It can also function as a check-in and boarding terminal, providing passes and baggage tags.

This case study paper outlines the many unique factors pertinent to self-service sales terminals. It wilt then plot the development work undertaken by DKA in conjunction with the NCR Corporation in achieving practical results applicable for installations worldwide. Particular attention will be devoted to the airline ticketing and check-in terminals emphasizing the vital importance for ergonomic considerations to be integrated into the engineering and appearance design activities from the beginning. Physical factors of ergonomic concern are carefully illustrated together with the more abstract psychological aspects of anxiety and privacy.

The customer interface by means of VDU screen expression is also discussed and specially programmed computer graphics dialogues shown to illustrate its importance. Other aspects of environmental installation, queueing practices, media replenishment, etc., are included.

A future overview of such systems is explained showing its adaptation to hotel checking-in, car rental control as well as to variations of ticketing, from travel agents to executive offices of the future.     

Designing end-to-end resource reservations in predictable distributed embedded systems

Contemporary distributed embedded systems in many domains have become highly complex due to ever-increasing demand on advanced computer controlled functionality. The resource reservation techniques can be effective in lowering the software complexity, ensuring predictability and allowing flexibility during the development and execution of these systems. This paper proposes a novel end-to-end resource reservation model for distributed embedded systems. In order to support the development of predictable systems using the proposed model, the paper provides a method to design resource reservations and an end-to-end timing analysis. The reservation design can be subjected to different optimization criteria with respect to runtime footprint, overhead or performance. The paper also presents and evaluates a case study to show the usability of the proposed model, reservation design method and end-to-end timing analysis.     

Provisioning QoS guarantee by multipath routing and reservation in Ad hoc networks

In this paper, a QoS multipath source routing protocol (QoS-MSR) is proposed for ad hoc networks. It can collect QoS information through route discovery mechanism of multipath source routing (MSR) and establish QoS route with reserved bandwidth. In order to reserve bandwidth efficiently, a bandwidth reservation approach called the multipath bandwidth splitting reservation (MBSR) is presented, under which the overall bandwidth request is split into several smaller bandwidth requests among multiple paths. In simulations, the anthors introduce Insignia, an in-bind signaling system that supports QoS in ad hoc networks, and extend it to multipath Insignia (M-Insignia) with QoS-MSR and MBSR. The results show that QoS-MSR routing protocol with the MBSR algorithm can improve the call admission ratio of QoS traffic, the packet delivery ratio, and the end-to-end delay of both best-effort traffic and QoS traffic. Therefore, QoS-MSR with MBSR is an efficient mechanism that supports QoS for ad hoc networks.     

计算机系统在自动化仪器仪表中的应用

随着各领域技术的迅速发展和不断进步,计算机技术逐渐渗透到自动化控制技术中,其中,嵌入式计算机系统已经在仪器仪表领域获得了越来越多的应用。如今,自动化仪器仪表已具备＂工业IT＂的特征。本文首先介绍了我国仪器仪表控制系统的发展历程,阐述了嵌入式计算机系统的定义、特征、基本构架以及嵌入式计算机系统中的软件技术,对嵌入式计算机系统在仪器仪表中的应用进行了研究与分析,并展望了高级嵌入式系统对未来新型仪器仪表技术的支持及其前景。     

一种基于ARIMA和LSTM的民航旅客订座组合预测模型

针对民航旅客订座预测问题,提出一种组合预测模型。首先,根据订座特性,设计缺失值、噪声数据预处理方法,使得历史订座数据得到有效校正。然后,为了提高预测准确性,建立自回归求积移动平均模型（ARIMA）以及基于特征选取长短时记忆网络（LSTM）的组合预测模型,并利用某航空公司实际订座数据,将该组合模型应用于旅客订座预测场景中,实验结果表明,本文提出的组合模型的MAE值、RMSE值均小于2个单项模型,预测结果更准确。     

基于计算机仿真技术的自动化物流系统设计

现如今,基于计算机仿真技术的自动化物流系统的设计开始普遍,人们开始对物流系统的自动化程度重视起来,发现计算机仿真技术在物流系统设计的自动化程序中效果非常好,所以人们开始加大力度研究基于计算机仿真技术的自动化物流系统的设计。本文探讨了计算机仿真技术以及物理系统的基本含义,我国的物流运作现状以及计算机仿真技术在物流系统的自动化程序里的应用,最后进行了总结。     

基于B/S结构的机房预约系统设计

利用面向对象开发方法,采用B/S结构、以ASP.NET为开发环境,为高校公共机房设计了机房预约管理系统,以满足教师、学生和管理员进行机房状态的查询,教师的机房预定以及管理员的预定管理.     

计算机与电力系统自动化技术结合探究分析

随着社会经济的迅速发展,计算机作为电力系统自动化的核心依据,使电力系统由原来的人工式管理转变为自动化管理,在提高管理效率的同时,还保障了电力系统的整体运行效率。将计算机与电力系统自动化技术充分的结合起来,使其在跟上社会发展步伐的同时,还能推动电力系统的发展。在此,文章针对计算机与电力系统自动化技术结合中存在的相关问题做论述。     

Automated interactive simulation modeling system: AISIM

A new general purpose simulation modeling tool, AISIM (Automated Interactive Simulation Modeling System), has been developed by Air Force System Command's Electronic Systems Division under the direction of Air Force Program Element 64740F, Computer Resource Management Technology. The 64740F Program Element develops and transfers into active use the technology, tools, and techniques needed to cope with the explosive growth of computer resources used in mission critical Air Force systems. The program was initiated to:

• 1.1) provide for the transition of computer system developments in laboratories, industry, and academia to system program offices.
• 2.2) develop and apply software acquisition management techniques to reduce life cycle costs.
• 3.3) provide improved software design tools.

AISIM is one of these tools. Among the users of AISIM are Air Force Systems Command Product Divisions, the Defense Mapping Agency, Naval Underwater Systems Command, and the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Technical Center. AISIM is designed to provide quick answers to system performance questions during the conceptual phase of a system's acquisition. AISIM has undergone many tests and is currently in the initial operating capability phase of software development. Initial test results indicate potential for wide application to the study of communication nets, computer system architectures, and data processing functions during the conceptual stages of system development. This paper introduces the reader to AISIM—its model building capabilities and its five user interfaces.     

集成多媒体文件系统模型研究

目前的文件系统大多是单一类型的文件系统,或者采用尽力服务策略优化文本文件的服务,或者采用资源预留策略优化连续媒体的实时服务,而不能同时满足不同服务类型访问不同类型数据的需要。随着计算机计算能力、存储部件性价比的提高,以及计算机网络的不断发展,应用系统越来越大、越来越复杂,需要同时包含不同的应用类型和同时访问不同类型的数据。文中通过分析典型的应用类型和数据类型的特点,归纳出集成多媒体文件系统应具备的功能,并提出了实现集成多媒体文件系统的层次模型。     

Semi-automated CCTV surveillance: The effects of system confidence,system accuracy and task complexity on operator vigilance,reliance and workload

Recent advances in computer vision technology have lead to the development of various automatic surveillance systems, however their effectiveness is adversely affected by many factors and they are not completely reliable. This study investigated the potential of a semi-automated surveillance system to reduce CCTV operator workload in both detection and tracking activities. A further focus of interest was the degree of user reliance on the automated system. A simulated prototype was developed which mimicked an automated system that provided different levels of system confidence information. Dependent variable measures were taken for secondary task performance, reliance and subjective workload. When the automatic component of a semi-automatic CCTV surveillance system provided reliable system confidence information to operators, workload significantly decreased and spare mental capacity significantly increased. Providing feedback about system confidence and accuracy appears to be one important way of making the status of the automated component of the surveillance system more ‘visible’ to users and hence more effective to use.     

The overall framework design of automatic logistics system using a hybrid ANN-PSO model

Automated logistic systems are commonly applied in the enterprise logistic processes while allowing to improve the reliability and efficiency of logistics procedures with computer simulation. The logistics system focuses on realizing the space and time efficiency of material and understanding the links of logistics to achieve the optimum economic effect. Therefore, in this study, 150 data were collected from 20 hospitals in Malaysia to adopt the automated logistic system under simulation of the computer to decrease the costs of hospitals and increase the serviceability (output). Since obtaining this information for the automated logistic systems is not easy and has a high cost in a traditional way, this study was performed by the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) as the ANN-PSO. The input data that were obtained from the processing of automated logistic system in hospitals verified by using a hybrid of ANN-PSO. Later, the results were measured with five regression indicators of determination coefficient (R²), root mean square (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) and Willmott’s index (WI). Considering the results of RMSE, RSQR and r in both testing and training phases, the good performance of ANN-PSO in determining the effectiveness of applying automated logistic system using computer simulation method in hospital management, in terms of raising its serviceability and reducing the costs was proved. As a result, it was shown that ANN-PSO can successfully determine the effectiveness of using an automated logistic system under computer simulation method in hospital management.

     

An observation tool to study air traffic control and flightdeck collaboration

The complex systems of the flightdeck (FD) and the Air Traffic Control Centre (ATC) are characterised by numerous concurrently operating and interacting communication channels between people and between people and machines/computer systems. This paper describes work in support of investigating the impact of changes to technologies and responsibilities within this system with respect to human factors. It focuses primarily on the introduction of datalink (text-based communication rather than traditional radio communication) and the move towards freeflight (pilot-mediated air traffic control). Air traffic management investigations have outlined these specific changes as strategies to enable further increases in the volume of air traffic. A systems approach was taken and field studies were conducted. Small numbers of domain experts such as air traffic controllers (ATCOs) were involved in the field-based observations of how people interact with systems and each other. This paper summarises the overall research approach taken and then specifically reports on the field-based observations including the justification, development, and findings of the observation tool used. The observation tool examined information propagation through the air traffic control-flightdeck (ATC-FD) system, and resulted in models of possible information trajectories through the system.     

机房排课及预约管理系统的设计与实现

系统结合实际需求,采用B/S模式,以IIS为应用服务器,并结合ASP.NET开发技术及SQL Server 2008数据库来进行开发,实现了用户管理、机房管理、预约管理、预约流程管理以及验证申请等功能。对系统开发的背景和意义,系统结构设计,数据库设计,功能模块设计,功能模块实现等方面进行详细地介绍,前后台页面版式一致,功能比较完善。该系统经过在学院试用,稳定性好,并具有可移植性。     

Flexible manufacturing cells and systems with computer intelligence

Conditions for the introduction of flexible automated manufacturing systems have much improved. Future flexible manufacturing cells and systems will increasingly use computer intelligence. The paper describes system concepts, the design and function of components, system control and supervisory strategies. The planning and introduction of flexible automated manufacturing systems and their economical application will also be discussed.     

Applications of microcomputers in automated process planning

Two microcomputer based computer aided process planning systems are developed to assist small- to medium-sized companies implement automated process planning (APP). Micro-CAPP is a variant process planning system used to manipulate a large manufacturing knowledge database. Micro-GEPPS is a semigenerative process planning system which simulates a process planner's experience in order to automatically generate operation sheets. The operation and structures of both systems are discussed and a perspective direction for the development of APP is also presented.     

某航空兵场站机载弹药保障仿真研究

航空兵场站机载弹药保障的要素和环节众多,且相互影响、相互制约,通常采用计算机仿真对这类系统效能进行定量评估。本文对某航空兵场站机载弹药保障的力量构成、保障过程和特点进行了分析,并将其抽象为一个离散事件系统,建立了涵盖任务下达与执行、保障对象、保障资源以及保障过程等要素的建制单位离散事件仿真模型,并在此基础上开发了仿真系统。应用表明,该仿真模型运行正确、可靠,为某航空兵场站机载弹药保障效能评估提供了有力的分析工具。     

Optimizing airline passenger prescreening systems with Bayesian decision models

The Transportation Security Agency provides airline security in the United States using a variety of measures including a computer based passenger prescreening system. This paper develops Bayesian decision models of two prescreening systems: one that places ticketed passengers into two classifications (fly and no-fly), and a three classification system that includes potential flight. Using a parameterized cost structure, and the expected monetary value decision criteria, this paper develops optimal levels of undesirable personal characteristics that should place people into the various categories. The models are explored from both the government perspective and the passenger's perspective.