An Aumann-Shapley Approach to Allocate Transmission Service Cost Among Network Users in Electricity Markets

This work presents a new methodology for the allocation of transmission service cost among network users in energy markets. The proposed method is based on an optimization/game-theoretic framework (Aumann-Shapley) that retains the desirable properties of other existing methodologies such as the Average Participations Factors (APF) and Long Run Marginal Costs (LRMC). The approach is shown to be computationally feasible and presents desirable characteristics in terms of economic coherence and isonomy. Computational results are presented for the Brazilian power system and compared with those obtained by three other methodologies: LRMC, APF, and the current method adopted in Brazil.     

基于DQN的电力物联网5G边缘切片资源管理研究

随着5G通信技术以及移动边缘计算(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC)的发展,各式各样的电力物联网新需求层出不穷.一方面,部分新型电力物联网业务需要高服务质量保障;另一方面,移动边缘计算需要为新型电力物联网的业务提供差异化的计算服务.为解决上述问题,文章定义了一种面向电力物联网业务的可靠性衡量指标.基于...     

基于资源限制的融合网络QoS模型优化

为提高公共通信网络的规范性和安全性,考虑基于云平台技术,将数据通信网与信息内网进行融合和统一部署。随着通信数据量的增长,对融合网络QoS服务质量和基站与用户的资源消耗提出了更高要求。针对融合机制中的QoS需求,提出将分布式Caching与D2D结合的节点间通信机制引入到两网融合中。并针对基站和用户对于资源的限制,提出在现有模型基础上,引入传输消耗和D2D信令消耗作为约束条件,以求解一个更为合理的缓存分布。将所提方法应用于国网公司网络融合案例中,其使得融合网络的通信机制更加符合实际需求,取得了较好成效。     

计及弃光约束的配电网光伏接纳能力评估

针对配电网光伏接纳能力优化问题,兼顾光伏投资方收益与运营方网损,提出一种计及弃光约束的配电网光伏接纳能力评估方法。首先,以网损最小为目标,将弃光约束引入基于DistFlow方程的评估模型,将问题转化为不同弃光阈值下的二阶锥规划问题;然后,以固定增量迭代增加弃光阈值,计算得到相应弃光阈值下的光伏接入容量和弃光率,依据投资收益与光伏总接入容量及弃光率的差分关系,插值估算出投资利润最大时的光伏总接入容量和弃光率;最后,采用回代策略将估算得到的总接入容量和弃光率作为新约束,代入评估模型,计算各备选节点的接入容量。在改进的IEEE 33节点系统中进行仿真计算,结果表明所提方法确定的光伏接入容量能够较好地平衡投资收益和网损。     

Service-oriented architectural model for generating system adequacy evaluation

A service-oriented architectural (SOA) model is proposed for power system reliability analysis especially for generating capacity adequacy evaluation. Generating system adequacy evaluation is performed to evaluate the ability of the system generating capacity to meet the total system demand. The proposed SOA model is composed of generation system reliability (GSR) service provider, power system service registry and service requester. The data pertaining to power system reliability analysis are represented in extensible markup language (XML) for exchanging the reliability data among the users and service providers. The GSR service provider describes the reliability evaluation services and publishes them to the power system service registry. The calling sequences of reliability evaluation services along with required data are configured as SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) messages and the proposed SOA model communicates between the service provider and the service requester with formally defined messages. The proposed model for generating system reliability analysis is highly distributed and has inherent features such as scalability and flexibility and provides a loosely coupled environment for power system reliability analysis.     

面向区域综合能源服务的电-水联合潮流

现有关于综合能源系统潮流的研究大多以电力、热力、燃气系统耦合形成的多能系统为研究主体,而少量关于电-水联合系统潮流的研究又存在耦合方式单一、模型适应性差等问题。为此面向区域供电、供水综合服务商,提出配电网、配水网耦合形成的区域电-水联合系统的潮流模型和计算方法。提出2种用户级电-水能源集线器模型以描述终端用户综合用能行为产生的电-水关联关系;在此基础上,考虑电-水之间的泵站耦合和用户级能源集线器2种耦合方式,以及水负荷的水压特性,提出区域电-水联合潮流模型及计算方法;用2个不同规模的区域电-水联合系统验证了所提潮流计算方法的有效性,并对比分析了用户级电-水能源集线器及水负荷水压特性对联合潮流的影响。     

基于PKI/PMI和Agent的电力企业单一登录方法

针对电力企业信息系统集成的高安全性要求,提出一种基于电力行业公钥基础设施/授权管理基础设施(public key infrastructure/privilege management infrastructure,PKI/PMI)的单一登录模型,并给出相关算法的具体实现过程。单一登录系统通过PKI/PMI完成身份认证和授权功能,同时采用基于代理的系统模型,让用户使用统一账号登录,同时不用修改旧的账号/口令系统,从而尽可能少地修改应用服务程序就能满足电力企业网络信息安全要求。该系统为电力企业集成操作和实现安全的统一调度提供了参考。     

基于多协议标记交换网络的电力系统信息综合传输方法

研究了电力系统各类信息模型及其服务质量要求,在此基础上提出基于多协议标记交换(multi-protocol label switching,MPLS)技术的信息综合传输方案。对某电力公司信息综合传输网络进行了数字仿真,比较了无服务质量配置、单纯差分服务配置和MPLS网络配置3种方案下的服务质量,结果表明：MPLS网络配置方案能够实现链路间的负载均衡,具有自愈性故障恢复机制,可以快速检测到失效元件并在多条标签交换路径之间实现数据流量的切换,故障恢复时间在毫秒级,可以有效保证电力系统实时信息的服务质量,并可同时兼顾各种非实时信息的服务质量。     

基于ADMM的共享储能参与电网辅助服务的分布式优化模型

提出了一种共享储能参与主动配电网辅助服务市场的互动博弈优化模型和基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的分布式求解方法。设计了共享储能参与主动配电网辅助服务市场的框架与互动运行模式；考虑主动配电网的优化运行目标与共享储能设备的约束条件，建立了主动配电网与共享储能的互动博弈优化模型；基于ADMM，将系统全局互动博弈问题分解为分布式优化问题，并进行分布式优化求解。以改进IEEE 33节点系统为算例进行仿真，结果验证了所提互动博弈优化模型和分布式求解方法的合理性与有效性，表明所提方法能在保护共享储能和主动配电网隐私的情形下，兼顾主动配电网的经济性与安全性需求，实现主动配电网与共享储能用户的互利共赢。     

考虑充放储一体站与电动汽车互动的主从博弈优化调度策略

针对大规模电动汽车(electrical vehicle,EV)接入微电网造成的负荷压力,提出一种考虑充放储一体站(charging-discharging-storage integrated station,CDSIS)与EV互动的主从博弈优化调度策略。首先,通过建立CDSIS模型,并针对CDSIS多场景进行分段设置。其次,建立动态路网模型并结合EV出行特性,预测城市区域路网约束下的EV充电负荷时空分布。并根据预测结果建立EV及CDSIS多目标主从博弈优化调度模型,对EV用户、CDSIS收益进行多目标协调。最后,以某城市主城区域部分交通路网结合IEEE33节点配电系统进行仿真,分析电价与CDSIS储能设备容量对城市区域内EV用户和CDSIS站收益的影响。结果表明,所提主从博弈模型与调度策略能够使得EV用户与CDSIS双方得到最大收益。     

Cross-Layer Design of Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in DVB-RCS

In this paper, a novel cross-layer framework for optimizing the dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) of a digital video broadcast (DVB)-return channel satellite (RCS) system using adaptive coding is proposed. The design of the medium access control (MAC) methods taking into account the adaptive physical layer and higher layers' quality of service (QoS) requirements is cast as an optimization problem by using the network utility maximization (NUM) framework applied within the satellite subnetwork. Hierarchical and global solving procedures fully compliant with the DVB-RCS standard are proposed. They do not only provide minimum bandwidth guarantees but also maximize fairness. Further, they allow a joint optimization of the time slot size and overall system efficiency while minimizing signalling overhead. A reduced computational complexity algorithm to solve the DBA problem is presented. In practical terms, it increases the number of connections with absolute and relative QoS requirements the system can manage and facilitates the interoperability of the satellite network within an Internet protocol (IP) environment.     

基于用户特征聚类的综合能源套餐推荐方法

针对庞大的综合能源用户群体在购买能源服务套餐时难以选择的问题,提出一种基于用户特征聚类的综合能源套餐推荐方法,以提高用户粘性。首先,将收集的综合能源用户信息进行知识图谱构建,对缺失的用户信息进行补充完善,同时分析用户之间的关系。然后,采用谱聚类的方法对构建好的用户知识图谱进行图谱分割聚类,进行用户之间的相似度计算,提取代表综合能源用户用能行为多样性的兴趣特征。最后,通过随机森林模型计算综合能源用户对各能源服务套餐的预测评分,将预测评分进行排序后,取评分最高的部分套餐通过线上平台为用户呈现套餐服务内容,实现对用户的精准推荐。将所提套餐推荐模型与传统推荐模型进行比较分析,结果表明基于用户特征聚类的综合能源套餐推荐方法能够为综合能源服务公司实现有效的用户精准化能源服务推荐,有利于提升能源服务公司的市场竞争力,同时为电力企业向综合能源服务提供商转型提供技术支撑。     

Application of ATM-based network for an integrated distributionSCADA-GIS system

In this paper, an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based network is applied as the communication backbone between geographical information system (GIS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). Because the ATM network is a true multiservice network that provides broadband services and meets the different quality of service requirements, this technique is increasingly important in a modern communication system. The paper begins with the event generator that brings different messages to the ATM network from various local area networks. A statistical evaluation is then employed to examine the amount of message flow and the quality of service, where the outcome is assessed based on traffic, capacity and performance of the proposed method. Test results help solidify the effectiveness of the approach for power system communication applications     

政府与社会资本合作模式下的综合能源系统服务模式优选方法

随着能源互联网技术的发展,开展综合能源服务成为电力企业适应能源体制改革的重要途径.基于我国现行的政府与社会资本合作模式,从工程投资建设的角度,总结并提出了适用于综合能源系统的服务模式.通过深入分析综合能源项目在不同服务模式下的运营环节和运作方式,提出了综合能源系统服务模式的选择方法,并建立了基于改进模糊综合评价法的服务...     

A generalized probabilistic cost of service allocation approach forgeneration and transmission facilities

The authors present an integrated approach for cost of service allocation of generation and transmission facilities which utilizes a probabilistic technique similar to that used by many utilities for system planning. The procedure for composite system cost of service allocation is presented. The use of the loss of energy expectation index is extended from generation capacity studies to composite generation and transmission system cost of service allocation. The technique is demonstrated by application to the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS). The results obtained by applying selected methods to the IEEE-RTS are illustrated and compared     

基于多种群遗传算法的D2D通信终端数量的优化

端到端的直连通信(device to device,D2D)能有效提高网络容量.针对D2D通信所能容纳的终端数量问题,提出一种基于多种群遗传算法的容量优化方法.由于传统蜂窝网移动终端对D2D用户的干扰,以及复用同一频率的D2D终端之间的同频干扰,严重影响了可接入D2D终端的数量.本文提出的基于多种群遗传算法能快速调整资源分配方案,有效减少同频干扰,显著提高网络所能容纳的终端数量.仿真结果表明,相比于标准遗传算法和随机分配算法,基于多种群遗传算法的资源分配方案能通过快速分配合理信道资源降低系统中总的干扰,有效提高终端的接入数量,显著提升了系统的总吞吐量.     

Unbundling of transmission and ancillary services. II. Cost-basedpricing framework

For pt.I see ibid., vol.12, no.2 (1997). This paper presents a systematic framework for pricing transmission and ancillary services in competitive power markets. This framework is based on the recovery of fixed and operating costs, and it meets the traditional revenue requirements. It is practical, feasible, easy to implement, and to regulate. It can be implemented with minimum transition cost. This network flow-dependent and nondiscriminatory framework is based on the decomposition approach presented in Part I of this paper. This decomposition forms an essential part of the proposed framework for usage-based recovery of the fixed and operating costs. The transmission system related fixed cost component is recovered from all transactions based on percentage utilization of the transmission system equipment. The charge is based on the actual network power flows. The ancillary service charge for a given transaction can be computed as the sum of the costs incurred at secondary generation for compensating the imbalance caused by that specific transaction. The “path providing” function of the transmission grid is viewed as a true monopolistic service, its pricing is cost based, and charge for its use is usage based; the generation based ancillary service supply can be made competitive, its pricing is market based, and charge for it is usage based. A global overview of the proposed pricing strategy is analyzed in the context of other alternatives, especially cost-based methods. A numerical example on a five-bus system is given to illustrate the use of this pricing strategy     

运用保险理论的备用容量辅助服务分散决策机理初探

摘要：电力市场中的备用容量辅助服务一般都是集中处理的，由系统运行人员确定并向备用容量供应商购买所需的备用容量，再把相应的费用分摊给用户。这种方法很难保证辅助服务的高效率，并会导致辅助服务市场中的投机现象。备用容量可以通过分散决策的方法由每个用户自主决定吗？如果可以，怎样使每个用户制定最优的辅助服务购买计划？如果采用分散的方法，即每个用户都尽可能最大化自己的利益，能否使其实现全社会效益最大？文中就这些问题做了基础性探讨，并针对两种情况进行了建模和分析：①通过要求电能供应商提高发电可靠性来减小用户电能被中断的风险，其中采用了“供给者保险”(provider insurance)方法；②假设市场有电能供应商、用户(被保险者)和备用容量供应商(承保者)3个参与者，用户和备用容量供应商就备用容量进行交易，并以两者间的保险条款促使备用容量供应商履行其责任。两种情况的研究均表明，一旦用户购买了适当定义的保险单，就会对承保者引入约束和激励，使其为自身利益而积极地提供用户所要求的可靠性或备用容量。同时，购买保险还可以使用户减少预期的停电损失，将风险转移到中立的承保者身上。文中还证明了所提出的分散决策方法能够达到社会效益最优。     

计及配电网馈线约束的电动汽车优化调度研究

随着配电网的迅速发展,其以电动汽车为代表的柔性负荷大量并入配电网,给配电网的优化运行带来挑战,电动汽车的无序充电行为会导致电力损失、电压跌落和馈线过载等一系列问题。以电动汽车充电费用和电池衰减成本以及系统发电成本最低为目标,并考虑配电网的馈线容量耦合约束,提出了一种基于交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM)的电动汽车分散式优化调度策略。在仿真案例中验证了所提算法的最优性,并表明了该方法能够有效地解决配电网馈线过载问题。     

基于深度信念网络的供电可靠率预测模型

供电可靠率是供电服务水平的重要指标之一。提出了基于相关性分析和深度信念网络的供电可靠率预测模型。首先利用Pearson系数选取停电次数、最大负荷和用户电费均价系数作为输入特征集。然后将特征集输入到所建立的深度信念网络中,采用逐层无监督训练方法和反向传播训练方法对模型进行参数优化,通过该模型进行供电可靠率预测。最后将所提出的模型与传统人工神经网络、支持向量回归和差分整合移动平均自回归进行比较,结果验证了文章提出的供电可靠率预测模型的有效性。