准噶尔盆地非常规油气资源勘探发研究

随着社会经济的发展,常规的油气资源在不断枯竭,常规油气资源已经满足不了经济快速发展,因此石油勘探开发的方向逐渐转向非常规油气资源。文章通过文献调研和理论分析,研究分析了煤层气、页岩气、油砂、油页岩等非常规油气资源在我国分布和勘探开发现状,重点分析了新疆准噶尔盆地非常规油气资源类型和开发现状,提出了提高准噶尔盆地非常规油气资源勘探开发政策和建议。非常规油气资源是对我国常规油气资源的补充,对于我国的能源的可持续发展具有重要的意义。     

非常规油气资源选区评价方法研究

非常规油气资源是指在成藏机理、赋存状态、分布规律以及勘探开发方式等方面有别于常规油气藏的油气资源。现在非常规油气资源的开发利用日益受到世界各国的重视,且已成为常规油气资源的战略性补充,但是非常规油气资源评价与常规油气资源评价方法有较大的差异,不能直接套用。基于非常规油气聚集的成藏机制和分布特征,本文详细介绍了国内外几种非常规油气资源的评价方法,并结合我国非常规油气资源的特点,对非常规油气资源评价提供了方法建议。     

前言

正我国能源资源的供应保障和能源产业的可持续发展要求:在加强煤炭、石油和天然气等常规能源资源勘探开发的同时,全面实施以提高能源利用效率为核心的节能降耗,尤其是工业节能,同时大力推动包括非常规油气的替代能源新兴产业的形成和发展。油页岩是我国非常规油气资源的主体,其潜在的非常规油总产量476亿吨,是我国石油可采资源量233亿吨     

我国大力发展非常规油气资源的重要意义

面对常规油气资源的严重短缺,非常规油气资源以其资源量大、分布集中、开发技术日益成熟而成为全球能源市场的新宠。大力发展非常规油气资源是缓解我国能源供需矛盾的关键,是解决我国石油安全及由此引发的国家安全问题的重要措施。同时,大力发展非常规油气资源有利于我国能源的战略性接替,有利于能源结构的转变,实现经济的可持续增长。     

中国非常规油气资源分布综述

煤层气、油砂、油页岩、致密砂岩气和页岩气是目前最为现实的非常规汕气资源。我国的非常规油气资源在勘探开发上急需新技术、新方法的突破,积极创新将有效促进我国在非常规油气勘探方向的发展。对我国非常规油气资源的资源量、富集程度以及分布特点进行了概述。     

我国非常规油气发展问题及建议

非常规油气勘探开发具有巨大发展前景,可作为我国油气可持续发展新的增长点。目前,我国非常规油气资源的勘探开发整体仍处于起步阶段。致密油气处于规模勘探开发早期,煤层气处于提高单井产量阶段,页岩气处于示范区突破和建产阶段。本文分析了国内外油气行业发展趋势,阐述了我国非常规油气潜在供应空间,在深入分析矿权、技术、政策、成本等影响非常规油气产业发展因素基础上,提出了我国非常规油气在发展中遇到的问题,并提出了促进非常规油气产业发展的政策建议,可为制定我国非常规油气发展战略及产业发展政策提供决策参考。     

非常规油气地质学建立及实践

非常规油气理论是在常规油气理论上的一次质的飞跃,非常规油气在中国经过了10年的发展,已经有自己基本的框架和结构理论了。所谓的非常规就是不能用常规技术开采的石油与天然气。非常规油气地质学目前整个体系还不够成熟,我们要积极的建立和完善这门有巨大潜力的学科,非常规油气其发展潜力十分巨大,但目前为止非常规油气地质学科在油气资源综合利用、能源结构科学预测、复杂问题创新解决等方面仍有发展空间。本文就非常规地质学的背景、非常规油气地质学的概念、非常规油气成藏地质学以及非常规油气地质学在实际生产中的应用做了论述,希望对今后的非常规油气地质学的发展提供一定的帮助。     

油页岩开发利用技术及系统集成的研究进展

油页岩作为一种非常规能源,储量巨大,是最具潜力的石油替代资源之一。将油页岩干馏炼油、半焦燃烧发电、页岩油气提质、灰渣生产建材和化工品等工艺技术进行集成,可提升能效、改善经济效益,符合我国能源发展战略需求,具有广阔应用前景。本文专题论述在油页岩开发利用过程中主要关键单元技术,系统集成技术的现状及研究进展。为深入研究和高效环保开发利用油页岩资源提供理论和技术基础。     

浅析非常规油藏勘探开发一体化管理模式

我国经济的发展对油气的需要日益加大,国内常规油气的开发生产已不能满足经济发展的需要,因此,需要从非常规油气资源的开发和利用上寻求出路,本文主要通过分析非常规油气资源的勘探开发现状和存在的问题,提出通过一体化管理这种模式来加快中国非常规油气勘探开发业务发展的步伐.     

非常规油气资源勘探开发的几点思考

概述了世界油砂、油页岩气、煤层气等非常规油气资源的储量与分布,探讨了非常规油气资源勘探开发所面临的机遇和挑战,分析了地球物理技术在非常规油气资源勘探中所起的作用,指出了各大油公司与服务商在非常规油气资源勘探开发方面所发挥的作用和应对策略,最后提出了中国物探公司应对非常规油气资源勘探开发业务发展的建议.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.