聚苯胺及其衍生物在防腐领域中的应用进展

概述了聚苯胺的结构、性质及其防腐机理。聚苯胺主要通过其屏蔽作用在金属表面促进形成钝化层和提高金属氧化电位,降低金属材料的腐蚀速度。因此,聚苯胺经常被用做缓蚀剂、聚苯胺防腐涂层和防腐涂层的添加剂。相较于缓蚀剂与聚苯胺涂层,聚苯胺复合涂层具有优异的防腐性能。综述了近年来聚苯胺及其衍生物在防腐领域的进展,提出了聚苯胺在防腐应用中需进一步解决的问题。     

聚苯胺复合防腐材料的研究进展

主要针对聚苯胺的结构和性能,讨论了它对金属的四种防腐机理:屏蔽作用、钝化作用、阳极保护作用和电场作用。同时,综述了目前普遍使用的聚苯胺防腐涂层制备方法,对制备聚苯胺/无机粒子复合防腐材料的研究状况进行了简单介绍。最后,对聚苯胺复合防腐材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

聚苯胺膜对X70钢防腐性能的研究

采用电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗方法,研究了聚苯胺膜分别在酸性(质量分数为5%的HNO3)、弱碱性(饱和Na2CO3)、碱性(质量分数为5%的KOH)溶液中对X70钢的防腐性能。结果表明:聚苯胺膜在3种溶液中对X70钢都有防腐作用,但短时间内以酸性溶液中的防腐性能为最适宜。同时以饱和Na2CO3溶液模拟常规的弱碱性土壤环境,考察了此环境中聚苯胺膜对X70钢电极防腐作用的持久性。结果表明聚苯胺膜在弱碱性环境中对X70钢具有长效防腐性能,并初步证实其防腐机理为聚苯胺的屏蔽作用和阳极保护作用(钝化作用)。     

水溶性聚苯胺合成及聚苯胺在防腐领域的应用

介绍了聚苯胺的结构,主要讨论了水溶性聚苯胺的3种合成方法,及聚苯胺在防腐领域的研究及发展,阐述了聚苯胺的防腐机理和聚苯胺防腐涂层的应用,并对其前景进行展望,认为水溶性聚苯胺的合成研究及其缓蚀理论分析还需进一步深入地开展研究。     

聚苯胺/环氧复合阴极电泳涂料防腐蚀性能的研究

运用插层聚合的方法制备了蒙脱土／聚苯胺复合材料，并进行了表征。将该复合材料通过共混的方式加入聚酰胺／环氧阴极电泳（CED）涂料中配制成聚苯胺／环氧复合阴极电泳涂料，并利用电化学阻抗谱方法对各电泳涂层的防腐性能进行了分析。研究发现：在3．5％NaCl溶液中浸泡10d后，腐蚀介质不能到达涂层／基底金属界面，金属表面没有发生腐蚀反应。随着聚苯胺含量的增加，复合电泳涂膜的阻抗值增加，具有较好的防腐性能。当聚苯胺含量相同时，与掺杂态聚苯胺复合电泳涂膜相比，本征态聚苯胺复合电泳涂膜具有很高的阻抗值，表现出更好的防腐性能。     

聚苯胺/铬酸锶复合材料的制备及其环氧涂层防腐蚀行为研究

利用原位聚合的方法合成了不同质量比的聚苯胺/铬酸锶复合材料,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对复合材料进行了表征,并在不锈钢片上制备了聚苯胺/铬酸锶复合材料的环氧涂层,利用电化学工作站和盐雾试验箱测试其防腐性能.测试结果表明:聚苯胺/铬酸锶复合材料的防腐效果优于聚苯胺,且当复合材料中聚苯胺与铬酸锶的质量比为1∶1时,防腐蚀性能最好,该复合材料环氧涂层的腐蚀电位较聚苯胺环氧涂层提高30 mV,腐蚀电流密度下降一半,降低成本的同时提高了其防腐性能.     

聚苯胺乳液在水性带锈涂料中的防腐性能研究

以聚苯胺乳液为防腐添加剂,制备了水性聚苯胺带锈涂料,研究了聚苯胺乳液在带锈涂料中的防腐性能及其对涂料性能的影响,并探讨了聚苯胺与转化剂及铁锈的反应机理。结果表明:聚苯胺具有增强涂料转化效果、提高涂层耐水和耐盐雾性能、赋予涂料自恢复性和抗锈能力等特性;聚苯胺可与转化剂及铁锈反应,生成大分子物质,该物质紧密附着在基材表面,加上聚苯胺的防腐性能,可以实现钢铁的长效防腐。     

导电聚苯胺的制备及其在防腐涂料中的应用

介绍了导电聚苯胺的结构、性能特点,概述了制备聚苯胺的常用方法：化学氧化聚合法和电化学法,并介绍了导电聚苯胺的防腐机理及其在防腐涂料中的应用研究进展。     

植酸掺杂聚苯胺/环氧防腐涂层的研究

目前,聚苯胺防腐涂料已成为导电高分子材料的应用和涂料研究开发领域的一个新的热点。为了研究聚苯胺对涂层防腐性能的影响,制备了聚苯胺质量分数分别为0%,1%,3%,5%及10%的植酸掺杂聚苯胺/环氧防腐涂层,应用电化学阻抗谱和Tafel极化曲线等方法对比了其在3.5%Na C1溶液中的防腐性能。研究表明,聚苯胺在涂层中的含量对涂层的防腐性能有较大影响,聚苯胺质量分数为3%时,涂层具有最佳的防腐性能。     

聚苯胺在防腐涂层中应用研究进展

聚苯胺被认为是最有应用前景的导电聚合物,目前被广泛应用在涂料、传感器、电极及电磁屏蔽等领域,而其在防腐涂层中的应用是目前研究的热点。综述了聚苯胺纳米结构的制备及其在防腐涂层中的应用,并归类总结了目前对聚苯胺防腐机理的推测与研究进展。     

聚苯胺的合成与聚合机理研究进展

近年来,聚苯胺因其优良的性能而备受关注,其合成方法与合成机理一直是聚苯胺研究的重要内容之一.本文详细阐述了聚苯胺的化学氧化和电化学合成方法,并对两类合成方法的反应机理进行了综述.     

Polyaniline/polypropylene film composites with high electric conductivity and good mechanical properties

Polyaniline/polypropylene composites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in biaxially stretched polypropylene microporous films with ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. A continuous permeation/diffusion polymerization process was used in order to incorporate more polyaniline in the composite. The influence of reaction time and temperature and the concentration of monomer and oxidant aqueous solutions on the electric conductivity of the composites was investigated. The composites may exhibit a loose particulate surface morphology and a compact surface with a ring-shaped structure. The content and distribution of polyaniline in the composite and, hence, its electric conductivity and surface properties can be controlled over a wide range. Composites with the combination of high electric conductivity and good mechanical properties can be obtained under proper conditions. The composite films were flexible and strong enough and have electric conductivity as high as 5–6 S/cm. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Use of facile mechanochemical method to functionalize carbon nanofibers with nanostructured polyaniline and their electrochemical capacitance

A facile approach to functionalize carbon nanofibers [CNFs] with nanostructured polyaniline was developed via in situ mechanochemical polymerization of polyaniline in the presence of chemically treated CNFs. The nanostructured polyaniline grafting on the CNF was mainly in a form of branched nanofibers as well as rough nanolayers. The good dispersibility and processability of the hybrid nanocomposite could be attributed to its overall nanostructure which enhanced its accessibility to the electrolyte. The mechanochemical oxidation polymerization was believed to be related to the strong Lewis acid characteristic of FeCl₃ and the Lewis base characteristic of aniline. The growth mechanism of the hierarchical structured nanofibers was also discussed. After functionalization with the nanostructured polyaniline, the hybrid polyaniline/CNF composite showed an enhanced specific capacitance, which might be related to its hierarchical nanostructure and the interaction between the aromatic polyaniline molecules and the CNFs.     

Synthesis of a Graphite Oxide Polyaniline Nano‐Composite by an Electrochemical Method

In order to produce a polyaniline graphite oxide nano‐composite, electro‐polymerization of aniline was performed within the graphite oxide layers via electrochemical treatment of aniline‐intercalated graphite oxide in the supporting electrolyte. It was found that graphite oxide has special electro‐active properties. Therefore, electrochemical polymerization of aniline was performed on a Pt substrate in the presence of graphite oxide that had been dispersed in the electrolyte solution by the cyclic voltammetric method. Formation of polyaniline within the layers of graphite oxide occurred during electro‐polymerization. This mechanism affects the polyaniline morphology and leads to the formation of well‐defined concrete microstructures differing from the pure graphite oxide. Moreover, the results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that graphite oxide and the polyaniline graphite oxide nano‐composite electrodeposited on the Pt substrate have different weight loss behaviors. This confirms that intercalation of the polyaniline improved the oxidation stability of graphite oxide, along with the fact that the polyaniline graphite oxide nano‐composite was successfully synthesized by an electrochemical method.     

浸渍吸附聚合法合成聚氨酯/聚苯胺抗静电材料

用浸渍吸附聚合法合成了聚氨酯/聚苯胺抗静电复合材料。研究了复合材料的结构、聚苯胺含量对复合材料抗静电性能的影响,并探讨了复合材料的抗静电稳定性。结果表明,浸渍吸附合成的聚氨酯/聚苯胺复合材料,保持了聚氨酯的力学性能,同时也赋予材料抗静电性能,但其抗静电稳定性较差。     

微乳液法腈纶接枝聚苯胺及其性能研究

采用低温等离子体技术对腈纶纤维表面进行处理,使用苯胺微乳液在腈纶表面进行接枝聚合,对腈纶进行改性处理,通过增重率、导电率测试、接枝聚合的因素和接枝聚合对腈纶纤维结构、导电性能和强力进行分析评价;扫描电镜和红外测试显示聚苯胺成功接枝上腈纶表面;腈纶接枝聚苯胺后,导电性能增加,强力变化不大,但伸长率略有降低。     

Didecyl ester of 4‐sulfophthalic acid as a plast dopant and emulsifier in the chemical polymerization of aniline into polyaniline salt

Polyaniline salt was synthesized through the chemical oxidation of aniline with sodium persulfate as the oxidant and didecyl ester of 4‐sulfophthalic acid via three different polymerization pathways (aqueous, emulsion, and interfacial). In these polymerization processes, the ester acted as a novel plast dopant and as an emulsifier. The yield, conductivity, and number of ester units present in the polyaniline salts were determined. A polyaniline salt prepared by emulsion polymerization was soluble in chloroform and showed excellent solution‐processing properties. Polyaniline samples prepared by aqueous or interfacial polymerization were not soluble in chloroform. A soluble polyaniline salt was successfully synthesized through the washing of an organic layer containing the polyaniline salt with water in emulsion polymerization. X‐ray diffraction spectra of polyaniline salts prepared by the three different methods showed an ordered, layer‐type supramolecular structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Anticorrosion performance of polyaniline nanostructures on mild steel

Different one-dimensional nanostructured polyanilines were synthesized in sulfuric acid solutions by conventional polymerization, interfacial polymerization and direct mixed reaction, respectively. The products were characterized with SEM, UV–vis and FTIR and the anticorrosion performance of products on mild steel were studied using electrochemical measurement in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution. Results showed that the polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by direct mixed reaction have uniform morphology with diameters of 60–100 nm and more excellent protective properties than conventional aggregated polyaniline. Comparative studies revealed that the nanostructure and morphology of polyaniline could influence its anticorrosion performance.     

纳米棒状聚苯胺/席夫碱复合材料的制备及其电性能研究

采用种子聚合法制备了纳米棒状聚苯胺/席夫碱复合材料,研究了席夫碱用量、酸的浓度、有机介质对复合材料导电性能的影响。通过红外光谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜对复合材料的结构及表面形态进行了表征。结果表明,室温下,保持席夫碱质量为15 %,盐酸浓度为2 mol/L,乙二醇介质中,复合物的电导率最高可达到1.201 S/cm,比聚苯胺的电导率(9.21×10^-6 S/cm)提高了6个数量级,同时聚苯胺/席夫碱复合物分散性和耐热性明显改善。