硅铁粉粒度对合成氮化硅铁的影响

采用FeSi75为原料,利用直接氮化合成法制备了氮化硅铁粉末,研究了中位径(d50)分别为13.41μm、8.023μm和5.229μm的3种硅铁粉分别在1150℃、1250℃和1350℃保温9h处理后的氮化规律。借助XRD、SEM等测试手段测定和观察了产物的物相组成和显微形貌。结果表明:较细的硅铁粉(d50=5.229μm)氮化时,反应快速、剧烈,导致烧结严重,氮化效果差,而较粗硅铁粉(d50=13.41μm)氮化效果较好;较细硅铁粉氮化后易于形成须状、纤维状和柱状氮化硅晶体,较粗硅铁粉氮化后易于形成球状氮化硅团聚体。制备的氮化硅铁中有大量充满氮化硅的孔洞,产物中的Fe3Si与FexSi被其包围,这种结构有利于体现氮化硅铁的优异性能。     

合成工艺对氮化硅铁物相和结构的影响

以硅铁合金(FeSi75)为原料,分别采用闪速燃烧合成工艺和自蔓延高温合成工艺制备氮化硅铁样品,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对样品进行了表征,探讨了合成工艺对氮化硅铁物相和显微结构的影响。采用闪速燃烧工艺合成的氮化硅铁相组成为β-Si3N4,α-Si3N4,Fe3Si和少量SiO2;而采用自蔓延高温合成的氮化硅铁由β-Si3N4,α-Si3N4,Fe3Si和Si2N2O组成。闪速燃烧合成的氮化硅铁样品中存在大量长径比较高的柱状氮化硅晶体,Fe3Si位于柱状结晶所包裹材料的内部;自蔓延高温合成的氮化硅铁显微结构为致密的氮化硅块体,在块体表面覆盖有氧氮化硅膜,块体的间隙存在晶形细小的氮化硅晶体,含铁组分镶嵌在致密的块体中。闪速燃烧合成的氮化硅铁结构疏松,活性较强;自蔓延高温合成的氮化硅铁结构致密,性质稳定。     

闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的氮化机理

以硅铁合金Fe Si75为原料,研究了闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的氮化机理。结果表明:在氮化过程中,首先是硅的活性氧化,硅被氧化生成气态Si O,使得体系氧分压降低,当氧分压p(O2)≤10–20 MPa(T=1 823 K)时,Si与N2(g)直接反应形成氮化硅,气态Si O最终与N2(g)发生反应生成氮化硅。硅铁合金Fe Si75中的Fe Si2与Fe0.42Si2.67没有促进氮化硅的形成,且与未参与氮化反应的硅反应形成Fe3Si。氮化硅铁的主要物相为氮化硅和Fe3Si,其中存在大量的柱状氮化硅,Fe3Si被柱状Si3N4包裹,呈孤立状态。     

用Si-Fe反应烧结制备Fe-Si_3N_4-SiC复合材料的性能研究

以FeSi75和SiC为主要原料,直接氮化反应烧结,成功制备了综合性能优异的Fe-Si3N4-SiC复合材料。对硅铁氮化进行了化学热力学计算,并分析了产物的物相组成及显微结构。结果表明,氮化产物有α-Si3N4、β-Si3N4,呈纤维状、柱状;维持一定低氧分压对氮化过程有利;产物中存在大量细分散的硅铁金属间化合物,硅铁不能完全氮化,过多Fe阻碍Si的氮化,Fe以Fe3Si形式存在。     

FeSi对Si3N4结合SiC材料烧结性能的影响

以碳化硅(SiC)、硅铁(FeSi)粉、硅(Si)粉为主要原料,在氮气气氛下1380℃保温5h制得氮化硅结合碳化硅制品,研究了硅铁粉加入量对试样常温力学性能的影响.结果表明:硅铁粉引入量＜2.0%时,由于Fe促进了Si的氮化反应,随着硅铁粉增加,制品致密化程度增加,常温耐压强度增大;但当硅铁粉＞2.0%时,可能由于硅铁粉催化加剧,局部硅粉温度过高,造成流硅现象,使制品力学性能下降.     

硅铁闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁

利用闪速燃烧合成新技术 ,以粒度≤ 0 .0 88mm的FeSi75硅铁细粉为原料 ,在 0 .2MPa的低氮气压力与 14 0 0℃的燃烧温度条件下 ,制备了细蜂窝状氮化硅铁。XRD和SEM分析结果表明 ,这种氮化硅铁主要由短柱状β Si3N4 相和Si3Fe相组成 ,其结构特征是以Si3Fe形成核心 ,并被Si3N4 包裹。同时 ,还用热力学原理探讨了由硅铁闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的工艺条件、形成产物的形式、反应的中间产物和残留金属的形态。热力学研究结论和实验检测结果相一致 ,从而在理论上阐明了闪速燃烧合成是制备氮化硅铁的一种理想工艺     

新型氮化硅系耐火材料——法爱伦

据日刊“耐火物”1978年第2期介绍,日本已研制成功一种新的氮化硅系耐火材料——氮化硅铁(商业名称:法爱伦)。它是把 FeSi 细粉碎后成型,于 N_2气氛中加热至1200～1400℃进行氮化后的产物,其主要成份(75～80%)是氮化硅,并含有游离铁和     

氮化硅结合氮化硅铁在氮气气氛下的高温稳定性

以硅粉和氮化硅铁颗粒为原料,经高纯氮气气氛下烧结,制备出氮化硅/氮化硅铁复合材料。将氮化硅/氮化硅铁复合材料试样分别在1 500、1 600、1 700℃氮气气氛下重烧,探究其高温稳定性。结果表明:当重烧温度为1 500℃时试样中存在的物相有β-Si_3N_4、α-Si_3N_4、Si_2N_2O、SiC以及Fe3Si;当重烧温度达到1 600℃时,β-Si_3N_4含量增加,Fe_3Si、Fe_5Si_3、FeSi_3种硅铁合金共存,α-Si_3N_4、Si_2N_2O消失;当重烧温度上升到1 700℃时,β-Si_3N_4含量显著下降并重新出现α-Si_3N_4,Fe_5Si_3和FeSi相共存,Fe_3Si相消失。结合热力学计算推断反应机理为:当重烧温度从1 500℃上升到1 600℃时,α-Si_3N_4、Fe–Si熔体中的Si以及Si_2N_2O均向β-Si_3N_4转变,导致β-Si_3N_4含量增加。当重烧温度上升到1 700℃过程中,熔融硅铁的存在加速了Si_3N_4的分解,导致β-Si_3N_4含量减少;试样冷却过程中,Si(l)、Si(g)将重新氮化形成氮化硅,使α-Si_3N_4重新出现。SiC在较高的温度下比Si_3N_4稳定,其反应的C源为结合剂中的残C,以及气氛中的CO。随温度升高,复合材料中Fe–Si合金的稳定顺序依次为:Fe3Si→Fe_5Si_3→FeSi。     

不同种类氮化硅粉在Al_2O_3-SiC-C铁沟料中的作用比较

为进一步提高出铁沟的高温使用性能,以棕刚玉颗粒、板状烧结刚玉细颗粒、白刚玉粉、碳化硅颗粒和细粉、活性氧化铝粉、硅微粉、铝酸钙水泥、抗氧化剂、单质硅粉、球沥青、氮化硅粉制备了Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料。比较了三种不同种类的氮化硅粉(氮化硅-氧氮化硅复合粉、氮化硅铁粉、高纯氮化硅粉)在铁沟料中的作用,结果发现:1)三种氮化硅粉的引入,降低了浇注料的流动值,对线变化率影响不大,但增强了致密度,改善了抗氧化性,提高了高温抗折强度。2)氮化硅-氧氮化硅复合粉对铁沟料高温抗折强度和抗渣性均有显著提高,且与高纯氮化硅粉综合作用相当;氮化硅铁粉的引入提高了铁沟料的致密度,并改善其在1 100、1 450℃时的抗氧化性,但也降低了材料的强度及抗渣性能。3)将氮化硅-氧氮化硅复合粉与氮化硅铁粉共同加入铁沟料中时,相对于仅加氮化硅-氧氮化硅复合粉有更好的流动性,又抑制了氮化硅铁粉对强度和抗渣性能的劣化,具有良好的综合性能,可望在铁沟料中得以应用与发展。     

烧结温度对气压烧结氮化硅铁显微结构及性能的影响

以微米级氮化硅铁为原料、Al_2O_3–Y_2O_3为烧结助剂,采用气压烧结制备氮化硅铁复相陶瓷。通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对试样的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征,研究了烧结温度对氮化硅铁复相陶瓷成分、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:烧结温度对于氮化硅铁陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能具有显著影响。随着烧结温度的升高,样品致密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性先增大后降低,在1 770℃时均达到最大值,密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到3.31 g/cm~3、435 MPa和6.97 MPa?m~(1/2)。在1 770℃以下时,陶瓷样品中主晶相为长柱状的β-Si3N4,晶粒彼此间结合紧密,陶瓷气孔率较低。温度继续升高,含铁相和氮化硅发生反应,气孔率增大,抗弯强度和断裂韧性开始下降。如果进一步提高硅铁的氮化率,采用游离硅低、铁含量低及纯度较高的氮化硅铁粉末制备氮化硅铁陶瓷,材料的性能有望得到进一步的提高。     

Si3N4及其复合材料强韧化研究进展

简述了氮化硅陶瓷的结构、性能和制备工艺，并分别通过自增韧补强、纤维／晶须强韧化、层状结构强韧化、相变强韧化以及颗粒弥散强韧化等方法对氮化硅陶瓷的强韧化研究进行了分类叙述。     

Reactivity of Aluminum Nitride Powder in Aqueous Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide Slurries

The reactivity of AlN powder with water in supernatants obtained from centrifuged Si₃N₄ and SiC slurries was studied by monitoring the pH versus time. Various Si₃N₄ and SiC powders were used, which were fabricated by different production routes and had surfaces oxidized to different degrees. The reactivity of the AlN powder in the supernatants was found to depend strongly on the concentration of dissolved silica in these slurries relative to the surface area of the AlN powder in the slurry. The hydrolysis of AlN did not occur if the concentration of dissolved silica, with respect to the AlN powder surface, was high enough (1 mg SiO₂/(m² AlN powder)) to form a layer of aluminosilicates on the AlN powder surface. This assumption was verified by measuring the pH of more concentrated (31 vol%) Si₃N₄ and SiC suspensions also including 5 wt% of AlN powder (with respect to the solids).     

Nitridation behavior of silicon powder compacts of various thicknesses with Y2O3 and MgO as sintering additives

The effects of the nitriding temperature (1300 and 1350°C), holding time (0‐4 hours), and thickness of Si powder compacts on the nitridation behavior of silicon were investigated by examining the nitridation rates, analyzing phase compositions, and observing the microstructures of nitrided compacts. Si powder compacts doped with Y₂O₃ and MgO as sintering additives were prepared with thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9 mm. The phases of nitrided compacts were transformed from Si to α‐Si₃N₄ and β‐Si₃N₄ with an increase in the nitriding temperature and holding time. The degree of nitridation increased with the nitriding temperature and holding time. The β/(α+β) ratio increased with the nitriding temperature and holding time, and with a decrease in the thickness of the Si powder compacts. However, all compacts exhibited the same tendency for a higher β/(α+β) ratio at the compact surface than in the bulk of the compact. The variation in the β/(α+β) ratio for each compact decreased with an increase in the nitriding temperature and holding time.     

Machinability of Silicon Nitride/Boron Nitride Nanocomposites

The machinability and deformation mechanism of Si₃N₄/BN nanocomposites were investigated in the present work. The fracture strength of Si₃N₄/BN microcomposites remarkably decreased with increased hexagonal graphitic boron nitride ( h -BN) content, although machinability was somewhat improved. However, the nanocomposites fabricated using the chemical method simultaneously had high fracture strength and good machinability. Hertzian contact tests were performed to clarify the deformation behavior by mechanical shock. As a result of this test, the damage of the monolithic Si₃N₄ and Si₃N₄/BN microcomposites indicated a classical Hertzian cone fracture and many large cracks, whereas the damage observed in the nanocomposites appeared to be quasi-plastic deformation.     

Fabrication and Microstructure of Silicon Nitride/Boron Nitride Nanocomposites

A chemical process for fabrication of Si₃N₄/BN nanocomposite was devised to improve the mechanical properties. Si₃N₄/BN nanocomposites containing 0 to 30 vol% hexagonal BN ( h -BN) were successfully fabricated by hot-pressing α-Si₃N₄ powders, on which turbostratic BN ( t -BN) with a disordered layer structure was partly coated. The t -BN coating on α-Si₃N₄ particles was prepared by reducing and heating α-Si₃N₄ particles covered with a mixture of boric acid and urea. TEM observations of this nanocomposite revealed that the nanosized hexagonal BN ( h -BN) particles were homogeneously dispersed within Si₃N₄ grains as well as at grain boundaries. As expected from the rules of composites, Young's modulus of both micro- and nanocomposites decreased with an increase in h -BN content, while the fracture strength of the nanocomposites prepared in this work was significantly improved, compared with the conventional microcomposites.     

Oxidation of a Silicon Nitride-Titanium Nitride Composite: Microstructural Investigations and Phenomenological Modeling

The high-temperature oxidation of a silicon nitride-titanium nitride (Si₃N₄–TiN) composite has been investigated via scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. At 1150°C, the oxidation of both the silicon nitride and titanium nitride phases takes place. Several oxidation processes act simultaneously and/or successively. First, the oxidation of the titanium nitride occurs and leads to the formation of a continuous titanium oxide (TiO₂) crystal layer at the surface. Next, the TiO₂ formation takes place in the sublayer at the same time as the Si₃N₄ oxidation. The oxidation of this last phase leads to the formation of vitreous silica (SiO₂). For long a duration of oxidation (>50 h), a continuous layer of SiO₂ is formed under the outer TiO₂ scale. Large pores grow in this layer and deform the outer oxide layers, whereas the oxidation occurs in the material. Based on these results and bibliographical data, a phenomenological model is proposed to describe the stages of the high-temperature oxidation of Si₃N₄–TiN materials.     

Control of Composition and Structure in Laminated Silicon Nitride/Boron Nitride Composites

Based on a biomimetic design, Si₃N₄/BN composites with laminated structures have been prepared and investigated through composition control and structure design. To further improve the mechanical properties of the composites, Si₃N₄ matrix layers were reinforced by SiC whiskers and BN separating layers were modified by adding Si₃N₄ or Al₂O₃. The results showed that the addition of SiC whiskers in the Si₃N₄ matrix layers could greatly improve the apparent fracture toughness (reaching 28.1 MPa·m^1/2), at the same time keeping the higher bending strength (reaching 651.5 MPa) of the composites. Additions of 50 wt% Al₂O₃ or 10 wt% Si₃N₄ to BN interfacial layers had a beneficial effect on the strength and toughness of the laminated Si₃N₄/BN composites. Through observation of microstructure by SEM, multilevel toughening mechanisms contributing to high toughness of the laminated Si₃N₄/BN composites were present as the first-level toughening mechanisms from BN interfacial layers as crack deflection, bifurcation, and pull-out of matrix sheets, and the secondary toughening mechanism from whiskers in matrix layers.     

氮化硅针状晶体的制备

采用Ｓｉ粉直接氮化的方法制备氮化硅针状晶体,通过热力不计算,选择了晶体 温度和压力范围,探讨了温度、压力、添加剂等对针状晶体晶相、形貌、产率的影响,并在１８５０℃、ＣａＯ质量分数为１０％条件下,制备了长径比为４￣１０的β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４针状晶体,产率为６８％,采用ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ、ＳＥＭ对得到的氮化产物及针状晶体进行了表征。     

Thermogravimetry, Differential Thermal Analysis, and Mass Spectrometry Study of the Silicon Nitride–Boron Carbide–Carbon Reaction System for the Synthesis of Silicon Carbide–Boron Nitride Composites

Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffractometry were used to study the reaction process of the in situ reaction between Si₃N₄, B₄C, and carbon for the synthesis of silicon carbide–boron nitride composites. Atmospheres with a low partial pressure of nitrogen (for example argon + 5%–10% nitrogen) seemed to inhibit denitrification and also maintain a high reaction rate. However, the reaction rate decreased significantly in a pure nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental mass spectrometry results also revealed that B₄C in the Si₃N₄–B₄C–C system inhibited the reaction between Si₃N₄ and carbon and, even, the decomposition of Si₃N₄. The present results indicate that boron could be a composition stabilizer for ceramic materials in the Si-N-C system used at high temperature.     

Texture Development in Silicon Nitride–Silicon Oxynitride In Situ Composites via Superplastic Deformation

Silicon nitride–silicon oxynitride (Si₃N₄–Si₂N₂O) in situ composites have been fabricated via either the annealing or the superplastic deformation of sintered Si₃N₄ that has been doped with a silica-containing additive. In this study, quantitative texture measurements, including pole figures and X-ray diffraction patterns, are used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques to examine the degree of preferred orientation and texture-development mechanisms in these materials. The results indicate that (i) only superplastic deformation can produce strong textures in the β-Si₃N₄ matrix, as well as Si₂N₂O grains that are formed in situ ; (ii) texture development in the β-Si₃N₄ matrix mainly results from grain rotation via grain-boundary sliding; and (iii) for Si₂N₂O, a very strong strain-dependent texture occurs in two stages, namely, preferred nucleation and anisotropic grain growth.