层状多界面的超声相控阵换能器声场研究

针对层状多界面粘接检测存在的难点,采用相控阵超声检测技术进行研究.建立了矩形换能器的辐射声场模型与声束聚焦偏转的时间延迟计算方法,实现了对声束的聚焦偏转控制.采用7 MHz的超声相控阵换能器仿真研究了多层介质中声场的特性,从仿真结果得出相控阵超声技术可用来检测层状多界面结构的多界面脱粘情况.     

线形超声相控换能器阵列的参数优化

线形超声相控阵换能器的参数直接影响着检测系统的性能和制作成本,其声场特性是能否获得并有效利用被检测部位或区域回波信息的决定因素,也是设计换能器阵的主要依据.从建立线形相控阵换能器辐射声场的数学模型出发,研究了不同阵列参数对波束指向性和偏转性的影响,进而给出了相控阵列优化设计中一些重要的规律.     

基于四维切片图的相控阵超声辐射声场研究

声束聚焦是超声相控阵区别于常规超声检测方式的主要特点之一。该文研究了单源矩形换能器与一维线阵的辐射声场。在四维切片图的基础上详细分析了频率、阵元数和阵元间距对声束聚焦时焦斑和焦深的影响,进而分析了对检测分辨力和声压值的影响,换能器参数的优化结果对于相控阵探头的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

曲面超声换能器近声场指向性研究

通过结合物理声学原理推导出曲面结构及其等效动态相控阵列超声换能器所形成的近声场分布,并利用数学软件对超声近场声压进行近似数值仿真。通过分析比较各声场指向性的仿真结果表明,在给定的工作频率和介质条件下,对比于平面结构,二维半圆球壳的曲面压电晶片或等效相控阵元阵列结构的超声换能器在近声场可实现高强度聚焦,同时近声场焦点处的横向/纵向分辨率都达到最佳,旁瓣/栅瓣抑制也达到最大。最后给出了在曲面阵列优化设计方面一些有价值的规律。     

一种超声相控阵大焦域聚焦的设计方法

本文提出一种实现超声相控阵换能器大焦域声场的方法。这种方法就是通过多次正向—逆向变换计算出相控阵换能器各阵元的激励向量。仿真结果表明：此方法能准确地控制169阵元相控阵换能器的声场模式,能得到比较满意的单焦点大焦域声场分布。     

基于MATLAB的超声换能器声场可视化软件开发

对超声换能器的声场进行数值计算是当前研究的热点,在分析超声换能器声场模型的基础上,用MATLAB的GUI工具箱对声场进行可视化设计。通过输入换能器参数和介质参数,可以可视化地得到不同情况下的声场分布图,该软件可用于优化检测工艺,也可以指导探头设计。     

基于空间冲激响应的圆形换能器辐射声场研究

基于空间冲激响应的稳态声压场理论,从选取距离函数出发,建立了单阵元圆形平面换能器声场中任一场点处的基于傅里叶变换的冲激响应声场模型,该模型适用于声场中的任意位置。并运用Matlab仿真了换能器的轴向与径向声压分布,且在圆形换能器冲激响应的声压分布实验系统上进行验证,实验结果与仿真得到的声压场具有很好的一致性。实验验证表明,仿真结果可准确反映圆形换能器的空间辐射声场分布。该方法计算快捷,对于优化圆形换能器设计参数及提高超声成像检测分辨率有重要参考意义。     

激光光束检测圆对称超声换能器焦点声压的可行性

根据Raman and Nath理论,光在声场中传播可认为是在多层薄光栅中传播,而薄光栅的参数则由光栅平面内的声场分布决定。本文通过圆对称聚焦换能器在焦平面附近的声场分布,得到光束的偏转角与换能器焦点声压的关系。通过测量光束偏转距离得到换能器焦点声压。虽然本文的声压与偏转角的关系是基于理想超声聚焦换能器的线性理论,但通过激光检测声压与光纤水听器测量的结果,表明该方法可用于检测较高的焦点声压检测。     

超声相控阵技术中的声场仿真

从单个矩形压电晶片的辐射声场表达式出发,定性分析了主要因素对声压强度及指向性的影响,提出了最小化主瓣及抑制栅瓣的具体方法。以16晶片相控阵探头为例,推导了叠加声场的表达式,分析了合成声压与焦点和换能器距离的关系。仿真并讨论相控阵探头晶片单元个数、晶片间距等因素对合成声束质量的影响,仿真结果与理论分析相吻合,为矩形相控阵探头声场评价及高性能相控阵探头的制作提供了参考。     

用溅射法制作超声换能器

用溅射法制成的换能器,目前最常使用的是ZnO薄膜换能器。薄膜换能器的结构如图1所示。在要辐射超声波的声场介质的一个端面上,依次重迭装置着作为内电极的基体金属、ZnO压电膜以及表面电极。超声换能器的特性,由这三部分的声学性质以及     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.