铝阳极氧化膜在SeO2-3溶液中电解着色

铝阳极氧化膜在SeO3^2-溶液中电解着色时在一定工艺条件下出现饱和色。增加着色电压、电流及槽液中SeO3^2-浓度均不能加深饱和色；而改变槽液温度、活化条件可改变饱和色，但最深色调为桔红色。若在SeO3^2-着色液中添加Cu^2 不再显示饱和色，可得到从浅黄到灰色等着色膜。通过分挤膜层中Se及Cu含量，说明了Cu与Se发生了共沉积。     

焦磷酸铜电镀淋洗废水处理

含焦磷酸铜络合阴离子的碱性镀铜为人们所熟知已逾125年,然而它仅在35年前才具有工业实用价值。曾有不少文章报道了槽液配方、操作条件和应用情况。大多数焦磷酸铜槽液采用表1所列的组成和操作条件。槽液的主要成分为Cu(P_2O_7)_2~(6-)络合离子,产生它就要求P_2O_7~(4-)和Cu_(2+)的重量比为5.48:1。但实际上槽液中须维持过量的焦磷酸根,使它和Cu~(2+)的     

工业纯铝交流电阳极氧化膜着色实验研究

以工业纯铝L2为实验材料,采用硫酸交流阳极氧化-着色工艺在铝表面制备黑色膜层,重点分析着色溶液pH、温度及乙酸钴质量浓度对黑色膜层的影响,通过分析型扫描电镜测试,结果表明,电解液成分为200 g/LH2SO4、1 g/LAl2O3,U为12V,θ为(20±1)℃,t为60min的交流电阳极氧化条件下,着色液成分为30~40 g/LCo(CH3COO)2,1 g/LNiF2.2H2O,θ为50~60℃,pH为4.5~6.0,t为30min的工艺条件下可以获得与工业纯铝L2基体良好结合力,耐蚀、耐热及吸光性较好的黑色膜层。     

硒酸钠生产过程中提高双氧水氧化效率的试验研究

试验研究了双氧水加入速率、溶液初始[SeO_4~(2-)]/[SeO_3~(2-)]值和纯净度对硒酸钠生产过程中双氧水氧化效率的影响。试验表明逐渐提高双氧水加入速率、降低溶液初始[SeO_4~(2-)]/[SeO_3~(2-)]值、提高溶液纯净度,均有利于提高双氧水的氧化效率,在生产上达到降本增效的目的。     

黄铜拉链香槟金着色工艺

对黄铜拉链进行香槟金着色。研究了着色液中各组分用量和工艺条件对着色液稳定性与膜层颜色的影响,得到较佳的配方和工艺条件为:CuSO4·5H2O 4~6 g/L,乙二胺四乙酸二钠10~15 g/L,甲醛6~9 mL/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.08~0.15 g/L,调色剂1.0~2.2 g/L,pH 12~13,温度50~55℃,时间1.5~3.0 min。在该工艺下可得到结合力良好的香槟金色膜,耐磨性、耐蚀性和耐热性都满足生产要求。     

硒酸对ZTS晶体生长的影响研究

以H_2SeO_4为添加剂,通过亚稳区宽度和诱导期的测定考察了不同添加浓度下ZTS溶液的稳定性,采用水溶液降温法进行了在同样添加条件下ZTS的晶体生长实验。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,随着H_2SeO_4浓度的增大,ZTS溶液稳定性得到一定提高;H_2SeO_4的添加使ZTS晶体的a向生长速度明显增大,母液包藏减轻;微量的SeO_4~(2-)掺入晶体使ZTS晶胞参数略微增大,但晶体结构未发生改变。     

电解着色用的锡盐槽液为何要添加酚磺酸?

尽管在单-SnSO_4溶液中铝阳极氧化膜交流电解也能着色,可是经一段时间后.无色透明或稍有白色混浊的硫酸亚锡槽液变成了黄色,阳极氧化膜也不能着色了.这是由于Sn~(2+)氧化成Sn~(4+),故溶液变黄,所以着色溶液失效.为延长着色液的寿命需加入添加剂.电解着色早期的锡盐槽液,专利推荐加甲酚磺酸和苯酚磺酸.这些添加剂和电镀锡使用的添加剂一样.检索以后的专利,发现作为亚锡溶液的稳定剂发表了十几种添加剂.这些添加剂是由于错误的实验而被发现的,可将这些添加剂分成三类,即:(1)第一类,对锡离子起络合作用的络合剂;     

低铬酸不锈钢着色技术

为了改善INCO法不锈钢着色工艺铬酸含量高、对环境污染重的现状,采用铬酸-硫酸-磷酸体系,加入过渡金属无机盐,成功研究了一种低铬酸不锈钢着色技术。探讨了主要成分、添加剂和操作务件对着色膜质量的影响,获得了如下较好的工艺条件:铬酸酐80~90g/L,浓硫酸200~220mL/L,磷酸40~60 mL/L,硫酸锰30~40 g/L,硫酸锌5~10 g/L,硝酸钠10~20 g/L,光亮剂HNX-A 5~10 g/L,温度80~90°C,时间8~25 min。在上述工艺下,随着着色时间的延长,所形成的着色膜颜色按茶色、金色、蓝绿、黑色、紫红、鲜绿而变化:控制一定的时间和温度,可获得色泽均匀、鲜艳的着色膜,其装饰效果可与INCO法媲美。该方法制备的着色膜具有良好的耐磨性和耐热性,且工艺操作简便,着色膜颜色重现性好,着色液中铬酸浓度低,只有通用INCO法的1/3,有利于保护环境,降低废水处理成本,具有较高的应用价值。     

在铜盐槽液中电解着色的阳极氧化膜为何容易腐蚀?

在硫酸镍槽液中电解着色的阳极氧化膜比不经着色的膜耐蚀性好,这已有数个研究报告发表.但是有人说,在铜盐槽液中着黑色的氧化膜耐蚀性差.据认为"在铜盐槽液中电解着色,铝和阳极氧化膜孔中电沉积的铜发生了接触腐蚀之故".然而铝和铜组合的本身并不是产生腐蚀的直接原因.理由是在铜盐槽液中着成红褐色的彩色膜其耐蚀性并不差.虽然阳极氧化膜孔内析出了金属铜,如果氧化膜的阻挡层没有被破坏的话,也不会发生接触腐蚀.在铜盐槽     

中空纤维支撑液膜技术处理含铜废水

重金属废水的处理在环境保护和重金属资源综合利用方面都受到广泛的关注.采用中空纤维支撑液膜技术,用CuSO4水溶液模拟工业含Cu(Ⅱ)废水,二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)/煤油为液膜相,盐酸为接受相,研究了液膜相组成、两相流速、流动方式等因素对中空纤维支撑液膜过程传质性能的影响.结果表明,料液相在管程流动时的传质通量大于料液相在壳程流动时的传质通量,传质通量随着管、壳程两相流速的增大及液膜相中载体浓度的增加而增大.模拟实验结果表明,中空纤维支撑液膜技术可同时实现废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除与浓缩,处理效果好.废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达97%以上,富集液中Cu(Ⅱ)浓缩倍数达5倍以上.     

铜及铜合金着色

简述了铜及铜合金着色的原理.总结了铜及铜合金着黑色、褐色、绿色、蓝色的工艺配方及操作条件,介绍了手工点涂铜绿(铜锈)、双色点蚀(先着黑色再点蚀铜绿)、套色、着土黄铜绿色等多种特殊的着色工艺.     

COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF TiO2 AND PbO ON LIGHT ABSORPTION OF SOME COLORED GLASSES *

Series of glasses have been melted with TiO₂ or PbO as major constituents. To each member of the series, equal amounts of one of the following coloring ions have been added: Fe, Cu, U, Ce, and Mn. Complete spectrophotometric curves in the visible region have been obtained for the glasses. The color imparted by the ions to the glass is correlated with the position of the ion taken in the glass structure and conclusions are drawn showing that TiO₂ and PbO additions to glasses make it easier for the coloring ions to take part in the glass network.     

提高深兰色料着色力的研究

通过调整Co的引入形式及基料MgO、SiO2、ZnO、Al2O3等组份，添国适量矿化剂成份，经高温合成，获得的橄榄石晶体色料，着色力强，呈色鲜艳，高温稳定，可广泛应用于釉料及釉中装饰。     

Color analysis of natural colorant‐dyed fabrics

Colors from naturally dyed fabrics recently have attracted both consumers and manufacturers in fashion markets. Even though color attributes of the fabrics have been partially observed in some literature, a data base of colors for natural colorants in fabrics needs to be established and the colors to be characterized according to systematic color notations and tones in order to relate the traditional natural colors to contemporary color communication systems. Therefore, a study was performed to investigate color characteristics for a given large set of natural colorants‐dyed fabrics based on the Munsell color notations, to analyze their tones with relation to the notation such as hue, value, and chroma, and finally to identify the effects of mordanting, an important coloring auxiliary, on the colorimetric properties of the fabrics. As a result, the dominant hue for a total of 350 naturally dyed fabrics was yellowish families followed by reddish and purplish ones in the Munsell notation owing to the use of leaves and plant as usual natural dyestuff, which confirms the limit of color hues of the fabrics. Color value for most of naturally dyed fabrics was generally higher whereas the chroma was lower, which means that most of colors for naturally dyed fabrics tended to be bright and weak shaded. Grayish, light grayish, and soft tones were the main tones of natural colorant‐dyed fabrics. All of hue, value, and chroma were found as being influenced by mordanting in that more particularly; iron mordanting was likely to cause the decrease of both value and chroma for most of naturally dyed fabrics. These results could provide a systematic color data for naturally dyed fashion fabrics and suggest a future direction of color development for them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 148–157, 2008     

铝型材阳极氧化电解着金黄色系研究

研究了一种新的铝才电解着金黄色系的配方和工艺。该工艺无需扩孔，工艺简单，通过控制着色电压和时间，可得到深浅不同的金黄色，着色膜性能良好，色彩柔和、逼真。该着色工艺可和阳极电泳工艺配套。做阳极电泳涂装前的着色处理。     

铝合金表面着亮黑色的研究

以循环伏安法研究了锡、铜、镍离子在电解着色条件下的电化学行为,实验结果表明,当锡、铜、镍离子共存于电解质溶液中,以交流电作电解电源时,锡、铜将优先于镍沉积于铝合金表面上,形成亮黑色的坚实膜层,电沉积１０ｍｉｎ,膜层厚度大于４μｍ。以扫描电镜分析了膜层的表面形貌,用Ｘ－射线电子能谱分析了膜层的成分及锡、铜在膜层中的相对含量。     

影响黄铜化学着色的因素

分别介绍了黄铜常温化学着色工艺流程以及黄铜着铁锈色(包括一次着铁锈色和二次着铁锈色)、黄铜着仿古绿色(包括着黑色和二次着古绿色)的工艺配方。说明了黄铜着色的基本原理。研究了膜层质量的影响因素。通过正交实验确定了黄铜着铁锈色、黄铜着仿古绿色的最佳主盐质量浓度,分别为:50 g/L硫酸铜,100 g/L氯化铁,50 g/L氯化亚铁;20 g/L硫酸铜,5 g/L氯化钙,4 g/L氯化镍。添加剂对着色工艺的影响研究表明,适宜的添加剂可以减少着色时间,并提高色膜质量。     

Towards a determination of the active surface area of polycrystalline and nanoparticle electrodes by Cu upd and CO oxidation

Methods for the determination of the surface area for Pt, Ru and Se modified Pt and Ru are compared, in view of their possible application for technical and nanoparticle electrodes. The hydrogen adsorption charge can hardly be used as a reliable measure for the surface area for Ru because it is paralleled by anion adsorption. The charge necessary for the oxidation of adsorbed CO also contains a large contribution due to anion or oxygen adsorption, which amounts to approx. 45% of the charge in the case of Ru. The mass spectrometrically determined amount of CO₂ formed gives a more reliable measure for the surface area, provided that the maximum coverages are constant and independent of the particular surface. Values obtained in this way agree to within 20% with surface area values obtained from measuring the charge needed for the desorption of a complete monolayer of Cu upd on Pt(111) and polycrystalline Pt, polycrystalline Ru, submonolayers of Ru on polycrystalline Pt and on Pt(111) and for nanoparticle, carbon supported electrodes. Se modified Ru has recently found attention as a methanol tolerant cathode material for oxygen reduction. CO does not adsorb on Pt or Ru saturated by Se. For surfaces partially covered by Se, a comparison of the charge measured by cyclic voltammetry in the hydrogen region and of the mass spectrometrically determined amount of CO₂ suggests that the latter can be used for a determination of the area not covered by Se. Cu upd, on the other hand, also takes place on surfaces completely covered by Se; the Cu desorption charge is independent of the Se coverage on Pt and Ru modified Pt as long as it does not exceed 70% of full coverage. In the presence of multilayers of Se, Cu _x Se is formed. On Se modified bulk Ru the amount of Cu upd decreases with increasing Se coverage, approaching only 105 μC m⁻² for full Se coverage.     

利用酸性CuCl2蚀刻废液制备微米级Cu2O粉体

以含CuCl2酸性蚀刻废液为原料,葡萄糖为还原剂,采用液相还原法制备分散性好的微米级Cu2O粉. 实验确定最佳制备条件为：反应温度80℃,终点pH值8~9,反应时间1 h,还原剂和铜离子摩尔比为0.8. 所制Cu2O产品纯度为99.34%,Cu回收率可达99.7%. 进一步采用XRD, SEM, LZS, TG等手段对产物进行表征,结果表明产品为高纯Cu2O,粒径为1.8~2.2 mm,空心多面体结构,且常温下抗氧化性好,有可能用于催化剂、涂料、染料等的制备.     

钢铁常温氧化着色工艺的研究

研究了钢铁常温氧化着色配方及各影响因素，确定了一组以CuSO4、Na2S2O3、NiCl2、Na2SO3为主要组分，可获得最佳氧化着色处理效果的配方，并探讨了可能的成膜机理。实验结果表明该配方着色膜层性能好，通过改变配方中的关键组分，可精确调整氧化膜的颜色，处理工艺简单，对环境污染小。