超音速颗粒轰击处理对MCrAlY涂层氧化行为的影响

采用等离子喷涂(atmospheric plasma spraying,APS)技术在镍基高温合金(GH99)上沉积MCrAlY粘结涂层,并进行超音速颗粒轰击处理.研究超音速颗粒轰击工艺对MCrAlY涂层高温氧化性能的影响.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、辉光光谱仪对涂层的氧化物演化过程进行观察和分析.结果表明,表面超音速颗粒轰击处理后,涂层表面所生成的氧化物较细小,能快速形成致密连续的氧化膜,保护了粘结层中其它元素的进一步氧化,避免了Ni(Cr,Al)2O4等大颗粒氧化物的形成,延缓了涂层中裂纹的产生和扩展,有效地改善了涂层抗高温氧化性能.     

超音速火焰喷涂MCrAlY粘结层对热障涂层热震性能的影响

分别采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)和等离子喷涂技术(APS)在高温合金GH99上制备MCrAIY粘结层(BC),对比研究了HVOF和APS喷涂BC对热障涂层(TBC)热震性能的影响.结果表明:APS喷涂BC界面不平整,起伏较大,而HVOF喷涂BC界面较为平整.经200次热循环后,APS喷涂TBC部分陶瓷层(TC)出现剥落,而HVOF喷涂TBC仅出现细小的微裂纹,生成的热生长氧化物(TGO)比较厚.APS喷涂TBC经过350次热循环后,涂层出现大面积剥离现象.而HVOF热障涂层直到热震430次后,才出现涂层剥落现象.拉曼光谱(RFS)残余应力分析表明,HVOF热障涂层残余应力随热循环次数的增加而增大,热震350次后APS热障涂层残余应力为650MPa,而HVOF热障涂层热震400次后其应力值仅为571 MPa.可知,HVOF显著地提高了TBC的热震性能.     

热障涂层高温TGO生长变化

通过Abaqus有限元分析软件对热障涂层在高温氧化过程中的热氧化物层(themally growth oxide,TGO)生长机制进行研究.结果表明,当高温氧化到100 h时,TGO厚度由初始的0.5μm生长至6.7μm且在不同位置TGO的厚度略微不同.随着高温时间的增加,热障涂层在TGO的波峰、波谷以及涂层边界处容易出现应力较大值,且和周围材料相比应力明显较大,此时,这些位置容易达到材料开裂临界应力,形成裂纹萌生点,使得涂层失效.在高温氧化过程中,涂层吸收总能量为43.6 J,其中少部分转化为涂层变形所消耗的能量,剩下的能量为高温氧化过程中涂层成分改变,微观组织改变以及裂纹萌生扩展提供能量.     

TGO界面特征对热障涂层残余应力的影响

采用非线性有限元方法模拟计算了热障涂层中陶瓷层(TCC)及粘结层(BC)与热生长氧化物(TGO)层界面的残余应力的分布,计算过程中,考虑到了材料物性的非线性特征及界面形貌特征的影响.结果表明,形貌单元尺寸及分布密度对TGO界面应力有明显的影响,TCC/TGO界面的应力大于BC/TGO界面的应力.在锥形坑形貌中心尖点处存在应力集中现象,且呈现最大应力值,是涂层失效的危险点,并且残余应力值随着界面形貌分布密度的增加而减小.     

超音速颗粒轰击铬锆铜表面耐磨性能的研究

采用超音速颗粒轰击技术对铬锆铜表面进行处理,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)分析研究了表面层的组织结构,并测量了处理后铬锆铜的表层硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明:经超音速颗粒轰击处理后,铬锆铜表层晶粒得到细化,而且表层的硬度远高于心部,材料的耐磨性能得到很大的提高.     

真实TGO界面形貌对热障涂层界面应力的影响

采用MSC.MARC有限元分析软件,以真实服役的某重型燃气轮机透平第一级动叶片表面热障涂层为研究对象,研究真实TGO界面形貌对热障涂层界面应力的影响。结果表明:在TC/TGO界面的TC层中,法向应力σ₂₂分布中的拉应力位于波谷区域,压应力位于波峰区域,而在BC/TGO界面的BC层中,σ₂₂应力分布与TC层相反;TC层与BC层的剪切应力σ₁₂分布规律相同,均是波谷左侧的应力方向为负,波谷右侧的应力方向为正。TGO界面的波峰和波谷处的法向应力σ₂₂值随TGO厚度的增大而增加;当TGO厚度不变时,BC/TGO界面振幅增大,TGO内和BC内的法向应力σ₂₂值也随之增大。     

激光重熔热障涂层TGO生长与抗高温氧化机制

激光重熔是提高热障涂层(TBC)陶瓷层致密度进而减少氧气传输通道的有效途径。本文将TBC陶瓷层表面进行激光重熔,通过1100℃高温氧化实验,研究重熔层对TBC热生长氧化物(TGO)的影响规律,阐明了激光重熔对提高TBC抗高温氧化性能的作用机理。结果表明：喷涂态TBC(AS-TBC)、重熔态TBC(LR-TBC)的TGO厚度及氧化增重均随氧化时间的延长而增长。重熔层能消除部分喷涂缺陷,降低陶瓷层表面粗糙度,减少涂层与氧气的接触面积。经过激光重熔的陶瓷层更加致密,促使层内粒子间隙愈合,而且重熔层的裂纹缩小甚至闭合提高了LR-TBC的应变容限,从而抑制了LR-TBC中氧通过孔隙与裂纹向黏接层的渗透,延缓了氧化中后期TGO的生长,使其直至氧化结束始终保持单一Al₂O₃层的TGO结构。最终,LR-TBC的抛物线氧化速率K_p相比AS-TBC下降了9.00%。     

超音速微粒轰击处理对NiCoCrAlY粘结层高温氧化行为的影响

采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)技术细化处理高速氧燃料喷涂法(HVOF)喷涂的粘结层,结果表明粘结层主要由γ'-Ni3Al相和γ-Ni相组成.高温氧化2 h,粘结层表面首先生成亚稳态的γ-Al2O3和稳态的α-Al2O3,且在Al2O3之间有少量NiO、Co3O4和尖晶石.亚稳γ-Al2O3和尖晶石倾向于借助β-(Ni,...     

等离子喷涂热障涂层高温 TGO 的形成与生长研究

目的研究热障涂层(TBC)和纯粘结层(BC)在1100℃下的氧化动力学,探讨热障涂层中热生长氧化物(TGO)组织结构的演化规律。方法运用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)制备涂层,对比分析热障涂层和纯粘结层涂层在1100℃下等温氧化2,5,10,20,50,100,200,350 h后TGO的厚度变化,并对粘结层表面和热障涂层截面分别进行XRD和SEM分析。结果热障涂层和纯粘结层在1100℃下的氧化动力学均遵循抛物线规律,其氧化速率常数分别为0.344,0.354μm/h0.5。等温氧化5 h后,TGO的主要成分为α-Al2O3;随氧化时间的增加,生成Cr2O3、尖晶石、Co O和Ni O的混合氧化物;等温氧化100 h后,Co O消失,Ni O的含量减少,Cr2O3和尖晶石氧化物的含量增加;等温氧化350 h后,TGO中出现了裂纹,但涂层仍未剥落,TGO最终由顶层多孔的混合氧化物层和底层具有柱状晶结构的α-Al2O3层组成。结论顶层陶瓷层(TC)对热障涂层氧化速率常数的影响很小。TGO中α-Al2O3首先形成并以柱状结晶的方式生长,混合氧化物在α-Al2O3上形成,TGO生长速度逐渐变缓。     

高速微粒轰击对热障涂层热生长氧化物生长过程的影响

研究了高速微粒轰击NiCoCrAlY粘结层后的热障涂层热生长氧化物(TGO)的生长过程.结果表明:等离子喷涂涂层1050℃×72h高温氧化后TGO出现明显分层现象,而经过高速微粒轰击涂层1050℃×96h高温氧化后TGO形貌更为平坦且无分层现象发生.此外,NiCoCrAlY粘结层经高速微粒轰击后产生大量的位错网;TGO进入稳态氧化阶段时间缩短,稳态氧化阶段时间延长.涂层抗高温氧化性能明显提高.     

预氧化处理对热障涂层热冲击性能及残余应力的影响

采用等离子喷涂工艺在镍基高温合金基体上制备了热障涂层(底层为MCrAlY,面层为ZrO2+ 8％ Y2O3),通过控制高真空烧结炉的氧分压对涂层进行预氧化处理,分析了预氧化处理对热障涂层热冲击性能和涂层应力状态的影响.结果表明,预氧化处理提高了粘接层的致密度,涂层组织变得均质化,降低了粘结层由于凸起尖角产生复杂应力的概率;有效干预热生长氧化物(TGO)的生长过程,降低了TGO的生长速度;热障涂层残余应力随热冲击次数的增加而增大,但经过预氧化处理的涂层应力增长幅度较缓慢,经过400次热冲击后的残余应力为492.5 MPa,未经过预氧化处理涂层热冲击350次后应力值为650.1 MPa.     

Oxidation Control with Chromate Pretreatment of MCrAlY Unmelted Particle and Bond Coat in Thermal Barrier Systems

MCrAlY alloy bond coat is widely used in thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems to protect substrates from high-temperature oxidizing environments. However, failure of the ceramic topcoat can occur due to a thermally grown oxide (TGO) that grows at the interface between the bond coat and the topcoat. In this study, the effect of chromate treatment was investigated. Prior to topcoat deposition, a thin film of Cr₂O₃ was formed on the bond coat surface. High-temperature oxidation tests were carried out, and the oxidation rates were determined by inspection of cross sections. Similar oxidation tests were carried out using MCrAlY powder material assumed to be unmelted particles. As a result, the chromate-treated bond coat showed outstanding oxidation resistance. Calculations that take into account the oxidation of particles in the topcoat indicated the generation of internal stress to cause local fracture of the topcoat.     

NiCoCrAlYHf/EB-PVD热障涂层的热循环氧化行为

采用电子束物理气相沉积方法(EB-PVD)在NiCoCrAlYHf粘结层上沉积YSZ热障层,研究了该热障涂层1 100℃的循环氧化行为(每个循环为:1 100℃保温30 min、空冷5 min),分析了粘结层和热生长氧化物的演化过程.结果表明:NiCoCrAlYHf粘结层氧化初期由β-NiAl和γ固溶体组成,186次循环氧化后β相完全转变为γ固溶体.NiCoCrAlYHf/EB-PVD热障涂层中的热生长氧化物包含Al2O3层和靠近热障层的尖晶石薄层.该热生长氧化物生长速度较快,在粘结层的一些富Hf区域优先生长而呈现出明显的不均匀性;但其具有较大的失效临界热生长氧化物厚度,失效时热生长氧化物均匀处的厚度约为10 μm.     

Numerical modeling of short crack behavior in a thermal barrier coating upon thermal shock loading

The behavior of microstructurally short inherent cracks within a preoxidized thermal barrier coating system upon thermal shock loading is considered. A thin alumina oxide layer holding residual stresses was induced at the ceramic/metal interface to simulate thermally grown oxide on the bond coat. Undulation of the oxidized bond coat was modeled as a sinusoidal surface. The variations of the stress-intensity factors of inherent centrally located cracks and of edge cracks were calculated during the thermal cycling. The instant crack shapes during the first thermal cycle and at steady state were investigated. It was found that oxide layer thickness, crack tip location, as well as interfacial undulation are factors influencing the risk of crack propagation. It was also found that an edge crack constitutes a greater threat to the coating durability than a central crack. The propagation of an edge crack, if it occurs, will take place during the first load cycle, whereas for a central crack, crack tip position decides the risk of crack propagation.     

Al-rich precipitation in CoNiCrAlY bondcoat at high temperature

A thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied on a surface of a gas turbine blade to provide a thermal barrier and oxidation resistant properties for the components. The ability to resist oxidation of the coating arises from the self-healing, protective Al₂O₃ scale on top of the bondcoat, which is formed during service. However, if Al depletion occurs within the bondcoat, the protective scale will lose its self-healing ability, and hence, its oxidation-resistant property. This paper investigated the depletion of Al within the bondcoat by studying the microstructure of the bondcoat on a gas turbine blade after it has been in 4000 h service at 1200 °C. The results showed that Al depletion had occurred at different levels throughout the turbine blade. In the area where Al depletion had not yet occurred, precipitation of an Al-rich phase was detected. Most of the Al was contained within this phase, leaving only small amount of Al in the surrounding matrix. A well-defined boundary was observed between the depleted and non-depleted regions.     

粘结层真空退火处理对热障涂层热循环寿命的影响研究

目的研究粘结层真空退火处理对热障涂层热循环条件下服役性能的影响。方法在某二代镍基单晶高温合金上涂覆铂铝粘结层,然后采用电子束物理气相沉积法沉积氧化钇稳定的氧化锆陶瓷层,构建热障涂层体系,在1100℃下可自动升降的循环氧化炉中进行热循环测试,通过高精度电子天平对涂层样品进行称量并绘制质量变化曲线,采用拍摄宏观照片的方式观察样品表面陶瓷层剥落情况,利用扫描电子显微镜观察沉积态及热循环后的样品截面微观组织结构形貌。结果与沉积态粘结层相比,在高真空中进行退火处理后,热障涂层的热循环寿命几乎增加一倍,且陶瓷层与热生长氧化膜结合良好。未经过真空处理的铂铝涂层表面陶瓷层发生明显剥落,且热生长氧化膜质量较差,出现了明显裂纹。结论真空退火处理可使铂铝涂层表面更加平整,在高温氧化过程中生成的低缺陷氧化膜有更好的质量,陶瓷层与粘结层的结合力更强,热障涂层体系的服役性能和寿命得到有效提升。