国际化教学和互动交流:提升材料学科研究生学术素养的实践和探索

本文介绍了浙江大学材料科学与工程学院通过国际化教学和互动交流提升研究生学术素养的一些实践和探索。针对我国研究生教育的"国际化"程度不足以及研究生国际学术交流能力的欠缺,通过包括开设全英文研究生课程、邀请海内外知名学者开设学术论坛、举办全英文研究生学术成果墙报展、组织多学科交叉的研究生联合论坛等多层次宽领域的国际化教育方式,为研究生提供国际化的教学环境和学术氛围,培养研究生的多方位思维,拓宽研究生的全球化视野,提升研究生国际学术交流能力,全面综合提升了研究生的学术素养。     

基于激发内因的研究生教育思路研究

在研究生扩招、改革开放和提高研究生教育质量的背景下，从研究生群体特点、成长因素分析和工作科学与艺术三个方面进行研究，以激发内因来提升研究生教育的质量是当前研究生教育的关键问题。     

研究生公共英语教学模式改革研究

随着研究生招生数量的增加,研究生教育质量受到全社会的关注,非英语专业研究生英语教学面临一系列的挑战。针对我校研究生公共英语教学的实际情况,从课程设置、课堂教学、测试评价等方面提出研究生公共英语教学改革模式。     

研究生社会实践标准化模式研究——以河南中医药大学为例

研究生社会实践是高校人才培养的重要环节,也是大学生了解国情、增长才干、奉献社会的重要途径。本研究以河南中医药大学为例,阐述社会实践标准化模式的意义,如有利于规范研究生社会实践活动开展、促进研究生创新能力培养和全面发展等,并通过对研究生社会实践存在的问题进行分析,提出了建立研究生社会实践标准化模式的策略,期望对新时代加强研究生思想政治教育有所助益。     

高校研究生档案材料归类问题的探讨

研究生档案材料的归类是高校研究生档案整理过程中的一个重要环节,在高校研究生档案建设中,普遍存在着归类不统一、不规范的现象,有将复杂问题偷单化的倾向.为更有利于研究生档案的搜集、整理与利用,对研究生档案的归类问题进行初探.     

网络环境对研究生培养模式影响研究

网络环境为研究生教学和科研能力培养提供了良好的外部条件，同时也促进了研究生培养模式的转换。文章研究了网络环境下研究生教学与科研能力培养的新任务、研究生教学方法改进的方向和策略、以及科研能力培养的新模式，并详细分析了网络环境下研究生教学和科研能力培养应该注意的若干问题。     

研究生就业问题分析与对策研究

主要根据经济学对就业问题的分类，从一般性就业问题、结构性就业问题和个人选择性就业问题等三个角度，分析当前影响研究生就业的原因，并提出促进研究生就业的对策：鼓励研究生创业；改革研究生培养模式；提高教育质量；建立高效的人才市场和信息渠道；建立就业形势预报机制；完善研究生就业机制；加强研究生的职业指导。     

以科研带动研究生培养的研究

研究生教育肩负着为国家现代化建设培养高素质、高层次创造性人才的重任。提高研究生培养质量的呼声越来越高,如何保证研究生培养质量的讨论也越来越多。研究生的培养质毓是研究生教育工作的生命线,任何培养单位对这项工作都应非常重视,这对社会培莽高质量的人才具有重要的现实意义。     

工程图学研究生教育与学科发展

介绍了研究生教育的特点与作用,分析了工程图学研究生教育的现状,探讨了工程图学研究生教育的发展途径、阐述了研究生教育与学科发展的关系。工程图学与数学、物理等基础课相比较,没有相应的本科生,缺乏强大的学科背景,因此必须大力发展工程图学研究生教育,从而极大地促进学科发展,同时推进工程图学教学改革进程。     

变革型导师风格对研究生创新行为的影响研究——领导成员交换的中介作用

基于领导成员交换理论视角,本研究探索并检验变革型导师风格对研究生创新行为的影响及领导成员交换的中介作用。实证研究结果表明,变革型导师风格对研究生创新行为产生正向影响,同时也会促进师生之间的领导成员交换;变革型导师风格对研究生创新行为的影响主要通过领导成员交换的中介效应实现。结合研究发现,为研究生培养单位、研究生导师及研究生的培养方式提出对策与建议。     

The Development of Adaptive Expertise in Biomedical Engineering Ethics

This paper is an investigation of the How People Learn (HPL) Legacy Cycle's ability to expand adaptive expertise across the developmental span of high school and college. Participants included high school and college students. Pre‐test data indicated younger students (high school and first‐year college students) were less knowledgeable about the science of stem cells than older students (second‐, third‐, and fourth year college students), and all students were low in adaptiveness. Post‐test data showed that younger students achieved parity with the more advanced students in basic scientific knowledge. The younger students also became highly adaptive by the post‐test, but the older students did not advance beyond their pre‐curriculum levels. We hypothesize that the older students began the intervention with more preconceived notions about stem cells, and thus were less able to think and analyze flexibly within that framework.     

工程制图元认知训练模式的教学构建

元认知训练的实质是对学生元认知能力的培养与开发。元认知培训模式是通过学生对于学习时遇到的困难的内省,找出问题的症结,从而采取最合适的学习策略的过程,使学生认识学习、学会学习的过程。在制图教学中,教师首先要教会学生一些通用性的制图思维策略,要训练学生的制图问题解决思维策略以提高问题解决的效率和能力,引导学生在不同问题上主动总结问题解决的策略,提高学生的学习能力和学习质量。     

A Longitudinal Study of Engineering Student Performance and Retention II. Rural/Urban Student Differences

A cohort of chemical engineering students has been taught in an experimental sequence of five chemical engineering courses, beginning with the introductory course in the Fall 1990 semester. Differences in academic performance have been observed between students from rural and small town backgrounds (“rural students,” N=55) and students from urban and suburban backgrounds (“urban students,” N=65), with the urban students doing better on almost every measure investigated. In the introductory course, 80% of the urban students and 55% of the rural students passed with a grade of C or better, with average grades of 2.63 for the urban students and 1.80 for the rural students (A=4.0). The urban group continued to earn higher grades in subsequent chemical engineering courses. After four years, 79% of the urban students and 64% of the rural students had graduated or were still enrolled in chemical engineering; the others had either transferred out of engineering or were no longer attending the university. This paper presents data on the students' home and school backgrounds and speculates on possible causes of observed performance differences between the two populations.     

青少年学生纯音听力级调查

为了了解青少年的听力零级,并为优秀耳的筛选提供基础数据,使用医用听力计对三组青少年群体的纯音听力级进行调查观测。被调查群体包括一组农村中小学校学生,一组大学生,一组专科学校学员。参考其它研究者的文献数据,对青少年群体的纯音听力级进行了分析。发现调查结果与其它文献所给出的数据有明显差异,根据调查结果提出了优秀耳的纯音听力级筛选建议。     

Ethics and the Development of Professional Identities of Engineering Students

How do undergraduate students in engineering conceive of themselves as professionals? How can a course on engineering ethics affect the development of an undergraduate student's professional identity? In this project, students responded to questions about the characteristics and responsibilities of professional engineers. The results indicate that students learn about professionalism primarily from relatives and co‐workers who are engineers, and rarely from technical engineering courses. Even before they study engineering ethics, students put honesty and integrity on par with technical competence as an essential characteristic of engineers. In the course, students benefit from cases of actual incidents and from classroom activities that encourage diverse perspectives on moral problems. By analyzing cases in groups and by hearing different perspectives, students build self‐confidence in moral reasoning. By the end of the course, some students understand professional responsibility not only as liability for blame but in a capacious sense as stewardship for society.     

Multidisciplinary Project: A Tool for Learning the Subject

In recent years, with the national trend toward business downsizing, job market needs have changed. Small companies are becoming the primary employers of engineers and technologists, who must assume multidisciplinary roles. Multidisciplinary projects can provide students with valuable preparation for this requirement. The objectives of the work described in this paper are: 1) help technology students develop, to some extent, the abilities of engineering students, 2) to enhance technology students' interest in a multidisciplinary curriculum. To help achieve these objectives, students at Temple University were given an electromechanical project to design a model of a smart conveyor belt system that could recognize the size of different blocks. Statistical analysis of a confidential student survey showed that a significant number of students positively rated the benefits of working on the project. Survey performance indices included pedagogy, interactions with Electrical Engineering students and faculty, and obtaining hands-on experience. Project students scored statistically higher on a theory test, and 34% of the students were motivated to complete a minor in electromechanical engineering technology because of the interdisciplinary project.     

大学生就业通用胜任力模型的建构

在对15名大学生进行关键事件访谈的基础上,编制了大学生就业通用胜任力调查问卷,并运用此问卷对440名大学生被试进行问卷调查;然后用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法建构并检验大学生就业通用胜任力模型。结果表明：大学生就业通用胜任力模型包括5个因素、21项胜任特征,该模型对大学生就业胜任力的方差解释率累计达到63.08%;其中,自我提升能力和压力应对能力是预测大学生就业胜任力的最主要因素。     

跨文化视域下赴美留学生的文化适应性研究及设计思考

每年超过百万的国际学生就读于美国院校,这些学生中大多数根据既定的学习计划在一定的期限内获得学位。留学生赴美国读书一般都有明确的学术目标,但对社交生活的了解甚少。在这种情况下,大多数留学生会经历一个被称为"文化冲击"的普遍现象,它涉及生活及学习环境的适应困难,以及与当地学生和当地社区接触的局限性。虽然近年来教育工作者和研究人员一直在研究这个问题,并提出了补救建议,但如何提升跨文化学习的适应性很少在交互设计领域进行拓展。文章通过分析国际学生在北美校园融入过程中的障碍因素,以设计的视角提出优化建议,以在跨文化学习的背景下提升留学生的文化适应性为研究目的。     

The Engage Program: Implementing and Assessing a New First Year Experience at the University of Tennessee

The Engage initiative at the University of Tennessee addresses the needs of entering engineering students through a new first year curriculum. The program integrates the engineering subject matter of the freshman year, teaches problem solving and design by application, and seeks to address the increased retention and graduation of engineering students. Noteworthy curriculum features of the Engage program include a hands‐on laboratory where students do physical homework to practice the concepts introduced in lectures, placing all freshman engineering students in a year‐long team design curriculum, and a team training course where engineering upperclassmen are trained in team facilitation techniques and placed as facilitators with the freshman design teams. The Engage program was piloted during the 1997–98 academic year with 60 students. In 1998–99, the program was scaled up to 150 students, and fully implemented with the entire freshman class of 465 students during the 1999–2000 academic year. Engage students have shown a significant increase in academic performance compared to students following a more traditional curriculum. Graduation statistics show the positive long‐term results of this effort.     

浅析高校贫困生的资助工作

随着高等教育规模的不断扩大,在校学生总量的增长,目前在校大学生中贫困生数量占了相当的比例。做为贫困生资助工作,已成为学生工作重要的组成部分。本文从贫困生的资助方式、资助体系中存在的问题等方面进行探讨,以期帮助贫困学生健康成长。