二维浅水域潮流数值模拟的ADI－QUICK格式

本文采用ＡＤＩ－ＱＵＩＣＫ有限差分格式，用单一正交网格系进行空间离散，对二维浅水流动方程和污染物对流－扩散问题进行数值模拟。方法具有高阶精度，不呈现数值振荡，不带有可感受的数值衰减，计算过程稳定，计算方法简便等优点。本文以大连湾海域为实例，计算了Ｍ２－分潮流动规律。基于ＡＤＩ－ＱＵＩＣＫ格式编制的ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ程序对其它的浅水海域和河口的流动问题具有普遍的适应性。     

二维浅水域潮流数值模拟的ADI—QUICK格式

本文采用ＡＤＩ－ＱＵＩＣＫ有限差分格式，用单一正交网格系进行空间离散，对二维浅水流动方程和污染物对流－扩散问题进行数值模拟。方法具有高阶精度，不呈现数值振荡，不带有可感受的数值衰减，计算过程稳定，计算方法简便等优点。本文以大连湾海域为实例，计算了Ｍ２－分潮流动规律。基于ＡＤＩ－ＱＵＩＣＫ格式编制的ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ程序对其它的浅水海域和河口的流动问题具有普遍的适应性。     

BLOCKAGE COEFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR SQUARE ENCLOSURE FLOW WITH NO THICKNESS SPACERS

ＢＬＯＣＫＡＧＥＣＯＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＴＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＦＯＲＳＱＵＡＲＥＥＮＣＬＯＳＵＲＥＦＬＯＷＷＩＴＨＮＯＴＨＩＣＫＮＥＳＳＳＰＡＣＥＲＳ￥ＹｕＬｉ－ｒｅｎ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｓａｎｄＳａｎｉｔａｒｙＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｓｃｈ...     

基于高阶和高分辨率格式的自然空泡流数值模拟

基于有限体积通量修正,应用了一类高阶迎风对流格式:二阶迎风格式、二次迎风插值格式、三次迎风插值格式及带TVD限制器的高分辨率格式,对于自然空泡湍流流动的数值计算方法进行了研究.计算模型为轴对称圆盘,计算结果表明所有高阶格式都能有效抑制一阶迎风格式产生的假扩散,并得到了更薄,更"透明"的汽-液界面,其中高分辨率TVD格式最好地捕捉到了空泡界面附近物理量的阶跃特性关键词: 自然空泡;高阶迎风对流格式;汽-液界面     

SECOND ORDER TRANSIENT WAVES AROUND A VERTICAL CYLINDER IN A TANK

ＳＥＣＯＮＤＯＲＤＥＲＴＲＡＮＳＩＥＮＴＷＡＶＥＳＡＲＯＵＮＤＡＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＣＹＬＩＮＤＥＲＩＮＡＴＡＮＫ￥Ｑ．Ｗ．Ｍａ，Ｇ．Ｘ．Ｗｕ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＬｏｎｄｏ...     

一种低耗散、无伪振荡的实用差分格式

探寻一种优化的差分格式一直是计算流体力学与计算传热学中的热门课题，本文在分析SOUCUP格式的基础上，将二阶迎风格式和中心差分格式进行加权得到了WSUC格式，分析表明，WSUC格式具有整体二阶空间精度，且半离散WSUC格式具有总变差有界性，因而格式可以抑制伪振荡，另外还证明了WSUC格式是无条件对流稳定的，两个典型算例的结果表明，WSUC格式的数值解的精度较SOUCUP格式有了显著的提高，而计算量没有明显增加。     

珠江电厂温排水超温分布的数值模拟

用显式有限元迎风格式模拟大虎水道的潮流并进行验证。通过沙角电厂的温度场实测资料确定了水面综合散热系数K_s,并在此基础上进行了珠江电厂温排水的超温分布数值计算。     

非恒定水深平均的K－ε紊流模型的有限元模式

本文在水深平均的二维流动的数学模型基础上，引入Ｋ－ε二方程模式，建立了水深平均的Ｋ－ε紊流模型，采用能适应不规则边界的有限元计算模式，对易引起不稳定的对流项引进迎流技巧，从而大大提高了计算稳定性。针对应用到河口海湾中的紊流模型具有大尺度计算网格的特点，本文分析了常用壁面律的局限性，比较了Ｋ方程中ＧＫ项与ＧＫＶ项的大小，并分析了紊流模型的优点。     

对流扩散方程的变步长摄动有限差分格式

摄动有限差分(PFD)方法是构造高精度差分格式的一种新方法。变步长摄动有限差分方法是等步长摄动有限差分方法的发展和推广。对需要局部加密网格的计算问题,变步长PFD格式不需要对自变量进行数学变换,且和等步长PFD格式一样,具有如下的共同特点：从变步长一阶迎风格式出发,通过把非微商项(对流系数和源项)作变步长摄动展开,展开幂级数系数通过消去摄动格式修正微分方程的截断误差项求出,由此获得高精度变步长PFD格式。该格式在一、二和三维情况下分别仅使用三、五和七个基点,且具有迎风性。文中利用变步长PFD格式对对流扩散反应模型方程,变系数方程及Burgers方程等进行了数值模拟,并与一阶迎风和二阶中心格式及其问题的精确解作了比较。数值试验表明,与一阶迎风和二阶中心格式相比,变步长PFD格式具有精度高,稳定性与收敛性好的特点。变步长PFD格式与等步长PFD格式相比,变步长PFD解在薄边界层型区域的分辨率得到了明显的提高。     

一种求解不可压粘性流动的高阶精度迎风格式的应用

本文应用人工可压缩性方法和高阶迎风差分格式相结合的方法，进行不可压缩粘性流动的数值计算，通过对典型算例的研究，表明高阶格式可以在网络较少的情形下获得较高的精度，且有较好的网格收敛性。     

波浪作用下悬移质泥沙运动的两相流数值模型

该文采用基于水沙两相紊流的数值模型对波浪作用下的悬移质泥沙运动进行研究。基本方程中将水相和颗粒相通过相间作用力进行耦合,合理地考虑了相间相对运动的影响。数值计算方法为有限体积法,对流项处理利用了三阶精度的QUICK格式,离散方程组求解采用的是TDMA迭代方法。计算得到的悬移质泥沙垂线时均计算值与不同尺度的水槽实验数据吻合很好,表明数学模型及其计算方法对于低浓度水沙两相问题是合理的。该研究还探讨了悬沙浓度、泥沙沉降速度以及各种相间作用力随时间的分布规律。     

DEASM浅水流模型对热力环流的非结构网格模拟

为提高热电厂的取水安全,缓解废热排放造成的环境污染,从全场精细数值模拟的角度,推导了水深平均意义下的通用显格式代数应力模型(DEASM),数值离散方法采用SIMPLE程式下的非结构网格算法,并利用改进的QUICK格式来提高对流项模拟精度。该模型成功实现了对试验下的复杂热力浅水环流的精细模拟,结果表明模型模拟的热力浅水环流的断面流速分布、局部环流流线形态、环心位置、流线分离点以及温度场分布均与实测值吻合良好,初步表明该模型能够为统一描述浅水热力环流近区和远区问题提供一种更精细而通用的全场模式。     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SECONDARY FLOWS AND SEDIMENTATIONS BEHIND A SPUR DIKE

For a physical model of the approach navigation channel of Three Gorges Project(TGP), flow patterns around a non-submerged spur dike placed as a mountain in a long rectangular glass flume were experimentally investigated with and without “sucking-spouting” water respectively. Based on rigid lid assumption and Dynamic Smagorinsky Model, all these vortex flows around the spur dike were numerically simulated and analyzed, which probably affect the whole flow field and then probably lead to sedimentations for silt-laden two-phase flows. Meanwhile, silt-laden flows were also investigated experimentally. Both the secondary flow region and the silt sedimentations downstream of the spur dike decrease greatly with “sucking-spouting” water compared to those ones without “sucking-spouting” water. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) was used to discretize the governing equations together with a staggered grid system, where the second order difference is employed for the diffusion terms and the source terms while the upwind difference QUICK is used for the convection terms. The computational results are all in fairly good agreement with the experimental data.     

水盐运移方程对流项不同离散格式对比分析

采用有限体积方法求解了一维土壤水盐运移方程,分别将不同的对流项离散格式应用到一维土壤水盐数值模型的求解中。通过对数值计算结果与实测数据进行对比分析,认为在较大的空间、时间步长条件下,QUICK格式有效地减缓了数值振荡和数值扩散的现象。     

污染物对流扩散方程的几种新的高阶QUICK组合显格式比较研究

本文运用组合式的有限差分QUICK格式,将对流扩散方程进行了高精度离散,通过对流项、时间项、扩散项几种高阶差分格式的优化组合,最终建立了一种时间三阶、对流三阶、扩散二阶的显式差分格式,通过经典的数值算例验证了本格式具有精度高、编程简单、计算速度快的特点。本文还详细介绍了由有限体积法建立的经典QUICK格式和通过有限差分法建立的QUICK格式的区别以及各自的精度,澄清了某些文章作者对QUICK格式的认识偏差。     

底部加热的复合多孔介质热-流耦合场非线性特性

针对非线性流动传热受底部加热模型骨架的影响及分叉、震荡点的非线性解析解难求的问题,采用数值模拟及实验的方法对底部加热的复合多孔介质热流耦合传热过程进行数值求解和温度测试。构建底部加热的复合多孔介质热-流耦合传热的三维模型;采用SIMPLE算法对控制方程组进行QUICK格式离散求解,并在底部加热实验台上对测点进行温度采集。在小Ra工况下,揭示了复合多孔介质内存在热流分布分层特性及确定了非线性分叉、震荡解的特征值。数值结果表明:热流场分布对初始场依赖敏感,低Ra情况下三维腔体内热流场表现出稳定的二维性质;与单层多孔介质相比,复合多孔介质内存在热流分布分层的非线性特性;非线性分叉、震荡点对应的临界Ra依赖复合多孔介质骨架高度比,高度比越大(强导热、高阻力多孔介质区所占高度越大),静态分叉及震荡所对应的临界Ra越小,越早表现出分叉、震荡等非线性特性;改变复合多孔介质内高度比可以重新优化热流场分布,实现削弱或强化传热。     

提高分离紊流计算精度的探讨

本文以有压管道孔板流动为典型,探讨改善分离紊流数值计算的途径。研究表明,采用考虑曲率修正的k—ε紊流模型,可显著提高回流区长度的预测精度。采用高阶计算格式如QUICK格式,有助于提高流场计算结果的分辨率。本文还报导了采用加密网格及对角点附近的控制体进行修正等方法对计算结果的影响。     

Numerical solution of the Saint-Venant equations by an efficient hybrid finite-volume/finite-difference method

A computationally efficient hybrid finite-volume/finite-difference method is proposed for the numerical solution of SaintVenant equations in one-dimensional open channel flows. The method adopts a mass-conservative finite volume discretization for the continuity equation and a semi-implicit finite difference discretization for the dynamic-wave momentum equation. The spatial discretization of the convective flux term in the momentum equation employs an upwind scheme and the water-surface gradient term is discretized using three different schemes. The performance of the numerical method is investigated in terms of efficiency and accuracy using various examples, including steady flow over a bump, dam-break flow over wet and dry downstream channels, wetting and drying in a parabolic bowl, and dam-break floods in laboratory physical models. Numerical solutions from the hybrid method are compared with solutions from a finite volume method along with analytic solutions or experimental measurements. Comparisons demonstrates that the hybrid method is efficient, accurate, and robust in modeling various flow scenarios, including subcritical, supercritical, and transcritical flows. In this method, the QUICK scheme for the surface slope discretization is more accurate and less diffusive than the center difference and the weighted average schemes.     

APPLICATION OF A MODIFIED QUICK SCHEME TO DEPTHAVERAGED k-( TURBULENCE MODEL BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS

The modified QUICK scheme on unstructured grid was used to improve the advection flux approximation, and the depth-averaged turbulence model with the scheme based on FVM by SIMPLE series algorithm was established and applied to spur-dike flow computation. In this model, the over-relaxed approach was adopted to estimate the diffusion flux in view of its advantages in reducing errors and sustaining numerical stability usually encountered in non-orthogonal meshes. Two spur-dike cases with different defection angles (90oand 135o) were analyzed to validate the model. Computed results show that the predicted velocities and recirculation lengths are in good agreement with the observed data. Moreover, the computations on structured and unstructured grids were compared in terms of the approximately equivalent grid numbers. It can be concluded that the precision with unstructured grids is higher than that with structured grids in spite that the CPU time required is slightly more with unstructured grids. Thus, it is significant to apply the method to numerical simulation of practical hydraulic engineering.     

APPLICATION OF A MODIFIED QUICK SCHEME TO DEPTH- AVERAGED κ-ε TURBULENCE MODEL BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS

The modified QUICK scheme on unstructured grid was used to improve the advection flux approximation, and the depth-averaged κ-ε turbulence model with the scheme based on FVM by SIMPLE series algorithm was established and applied to spur-dike flow computation. In this model, the over-relaxed approach was adopted to estimate the diffusion flux in view of its advantages in reducing errors and sustaining numerical stability usually encountered in non-orthogonal meshes. Two spur-dike cases with different defection angles （90°and 135°） were analyzed to validate the model. Computed results show that the predicted velocities and recirculation lengths are in good agreement with the observed data. Moreover, the computations on structured and unstructured grids were compared in terms of the approximately equivalent grid numbers. It can be concluded that the precision with unstructured grids is higher than that with structured grids in spite that the CPU time required is slightly more with unstructured grids Thus, it is significant to apply the method to numerical simulation of practical hydraulic engineering.