无粘结部分预应力混凝土扁梁柱节点极限抗剪强度的计算方法

通过 3个扁梁柱节点的试验 ,研究了无粘结预应力筋和扁梁宽度对节点破坏形态的影响。在分析其它文献提出的极限抗剪强度计算公式的基础上 ,提出了更为合理的无粘结部分预应力扁梁柱节点极限抗剪强度计算公式。计算值与试验值进行了比较。提出的公式可供工程设计参考使用     

尼龙束捻度对水泥砂浆界面粘结的影响

通过织物拔出试验、抗折强度试验和扫描电镜对水泥基体微观破坏形貌的分析，研究了织物中尼龙束捻度对其增韧水泥砂浆界面粘结的影响。研究结果表明：存在着1个尼龙束捻度范围，在该范围内，捻度的增加有助于复合材料的界面粘结，且界面粘结强度随之提高；超出这一范围，捻度的增加反而不利于复合材料的界面粘结，界面粘结强度随之下降。     

复合粘结节点强度—断裂预测模型

减聚力单元在有限元模型中被用以预测粘结节点的破坏，为明确表达减聚力单元，提出了一个新的强度一断裂模型。所提出的模型统一了预测初始破坏的强度标准以及预测破坏进程的断裂标准。通过在黏合剂—黏合剂界面以及粘结元素之间配置减聚力单元，模拟初始和界面破坏过程以及内聚裂缝。有限元表达中包含了黏合剂的几何非线性。通过节点配置的静态平衡预测同期裂缝和路径，结点包括双臂梁、单搭接接头、裂缝剪切搭接等。对这些节点的准静态有限元分析预测和试验结果的定性和定量分析显示，两者比较吻合。     

复合粘结节点强度-断裂预测模型

减聚力单元在有限元模型中被用以预测粘结节点的破坏,为明确表达减聚力单元,提出了一个新的强度-断裂模型。所提出的模型统一了预测初始破坏的强度标准以及预测破坏进程的断裂标准。通过在黏合剂-黏合剂界面以及粘结元素之间配置减聚力单元,模拟初始和界面破坏过程以及内聚裂缝。有限元表达中包含了黏合剂的几何非线性。通过节点配置的静态平衡预测同期裂缝和路径,结点包括双臂梁、单搭接接头、裂缝剪切搭接等。对这些节点的准静态有限元分析预测和试验结果的定性和定量分析显示,两者比较吻合。     

型钢混凝土粘结滑移性能研究

根据国内外有关型钢混凝土粘结滑移的试验研究资料 ,分析了型钢混凝土粘结滑移机理和影响型钢混凝土粘结性能的各因素 ,并从型钢混凝土保护层开裂的角度 ,根据力扩散角度原理 ,建立了型钢混凝土临界保护层的确定方法。提出了型钢混凝土粘结强度的计算原理和公式 ,并在此基础上建立了型钢混凝土局部粘结破坏和整体粘结破坏极限荷载的计算公式 ,并与相关试验结果进行了对比 ,吻合较好。最后从弹性力学的角度 ,推导了沿型钢混凝土锚固长度上的粘结应力与相对滑移之间的粘结滑移t S本构关系     

GFRP复合材料与粘土砖单剪粘结试验研究

采用玻璃纤维复合材料-粘土砖单剪试验方法,考虑GFRP粘结长度、粘结宽度、粘结树脂的类型及粘贴层数等因素,对GFRP与粘土砖之间的极限粘结荷载进行了深入研究。研究结果表明,粘结破坏有GFRP剥离破坏和GFRP断裂破坏两种形式;GFRP粘结长度、粘结宽度、粘结树脂的类型、粘贴层数及砖抗压强度等因素对极限粘结荷载有显著影响。     

用神经网络方法预测新老混凝土的粘结强度

对新老混凝土粘结的微观机理进行了分析,认为新老混凝土粘结层呈叠层结构,老混凝土的洇水、老混凝土粘结面上粗骨料周围所形成的“过渡层”及新混凝土收缩微裂缝足,从而使新老混凝土的粘结强度得到提高;采用BP神经网络方法对新老混凝土粘结劈拉强度及粘结抗折强度进行了预测,对预测模型的精度和预测值的合理性也给予了必要的分析,由此证明神经网络法是解决新老混凝土粘结强度预测问题的一种较为理想之法。     

铝合金板与混凝土的粘结性能

铝合金材料具有强度高、变形性能好、耐腐蚀等优点,是沿海侵蚀环境中钢筋混凝土结构加固工程的理想材料;而铝合金板与混凝土的粘结性能是铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁能否协同工作的关键问题。基于此,对铝合金板与混凝土的粘结性能进行试验和理论研究。考虑混凝土强度、铝合金板宽度和厚度、粘贴长度及界面处理等因素对铝合金板和混凝土块体粘结性能的影响,设计了一套试件固定装置,采用万能试验机对105个铝合金板与混凝土棱柱体的粘贴试件进行了面内单剪试验。根据试验结果,结合理论分析,得到了铝合金板和混凝土连接的粘结破坏典型特征、剪应力分布曲线和粘结滑移曲线。研究表明,试件存在两种破坏形式:界面剥离破坏和混凝土层剥离破坏。界面处理对粘结性能有重要的影响,粘贴界面没有进行糙化处理的试件发生了界面剥离破坏,其他试件发生了混凝土层剥离破坏;随着混凝土强度的提高、铝合金板宽度和厚度的变小,粘结性能提高;存在一个有效粘贴长度,当粘贴长度大于有效粘贴长度后,增大粘贴长度并不能提高连接的极限荷载。     

FRP复合材料与混凝土的粘结强度试验研究

FRP复合材料与混凝土的粘结强度是混凝土结构外粘FRP板材这一加固新技术的重要研究课题。本文首先采用FRP板-混凝土块搭接接头的单剪试验方法,考虑FRP板的搭接长度、支座高度变化、试件对中偏位、FRP板与混凝土块的宽度比等因素,对FRP与混凝土的粘结强度进行了深入研究。然后利用试验结果与最近提出的陈-滕粘结强度公式作了比较研究。研究结果表明:(1)粘结破坏有FRP剥离破坏和混凝土拉剪破坏两种形式;(2)FRP板的搭接长度、试件对中偏位、FRP板与混凝土块的宽度比等因素对粘结强度有显著影响,支座高度变化也有一定影响;(3)粘结强度不小于“有效粘结长度”时,陈-滕粘结强度公式具有较高精度。     

基于Elman神经网络算法的型钢再生混凝土结构粘结强度预测方法研究

为研究型钢再生混凝土结构的粘结破坏规律及利用Elman神经网络算法预测其粘结强度的方法,选取再生混凝土取代率、再生混凝土强度、再生混凝土埋置长度、型钢保护层厚度、箍筋直径及箍筋间距作为影响因素,设计并制作了36个型钢再生混凝土推出试件.通过推出试验获得了型钢再生混凝土结构的粘结破坏规律并定义了3个平均特征粘结强度.其次,基于试验结果将取代率为0,50％和100％的30个试件作为训练样本建立了型钢再生混凝土构件粘结强度的Elman神经网络模型,最后利用该模型对取代率为30％的9个试件的粘结强度进行了预测.与试验结果对比表明,建立的Elman神经网络模型能够准确地预测型钢再生混凝土结构的粘结强度,神经网络在结构工程领域具有较大的应用前景.     

Composite wedge failure using photogrammetric measurements and DFN-DEM modelling

Analysis and prediction of structural instabilities in open pit mines are an important design and operational consideration for ensuring safety and productivity of the operation. Unstable wedges and blocks occurring at the surface of the pit walls may be identified through three-dimensional (3D) image analysis combined with the discrete fracture network (DFN) approach. Kinematic analysis based on polyhedral modelling can be used for first pass analysis but cannot capture composite failure mechanisms involving both structurally controlled and rock mass progressive failures. A methodology is proposed in this paper to overcome such limitations by coupling DFN models with geomechanical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM). Further, high resolution photogrammetric data are used to identify valid model scenarios. An identified wedge failure that occurred in an Australian coal mine is used to validate the methodology. In this particular case, the failure surface was induced as a result of the rock mass progressive failure that developed from the toe of the structure inside the intact rock matrix. Analysis has been undertaken to determine in what scenarios the measured and predicted failure surfaces can be used to calibrate strength parameters in the model.     

Non linear behaviour of steel-concrete epoxy bonded composite beams

The bonding connection in steel-concrete composite beams is investigated in the case of static loading and normal strength concrete. Two 3-point bending tests performed on 4 meter span beams confirm that bonding could be very efficient allowing a large plastic strain without any shear failure if the bonding joint is properly designed. The measurements are close to the numerical results provided by non-linear beam models or non-linear FE model. However all the studied beam models do not allow a very accurate prediction of the behaviour close to the interface at failure in the case of shear failure. A realistic shear failure criterion suitable for bonded composite beams may improve numerical results.     

Analytical calculation of local buckling and post-buckling behavior of isotropic and orthotropic stiffened panels

A methodology for the analytical assessment of local buckling and post-buckling behavior of isotropic and orthotropic stiffened plates is presented. The approach considers the stiffened panel segment located between two stiffeners, while the remaining panel is replaced by equivalent transverse and rotational springs of varying stiffness, which act as elastic edge supports. A two-dimensional Ritz displacement function (pb-2 Ritz) is utilized in the solution of the local buckling problem of isotropic and laminated symmetric composite panels with arbitrary edge boundary conditions. The buckling analysis of the segment provides an accurate and conservative prediction of the panel local buckling behavior. Consequently, the developed methodology is extended in the prediction of the post-buckling response of stiffened panels of which the skin has undergone local buckling. Of high importance for the calculation of the post-buckling behavior is the selection of appropriate boundary conditions for the structural members analyzed. A comparison of the present methodology results to respective finite element (FE) results has shown a satisfactory agreement.     

Markov chain models for life prediction of composite laminates

The results of an experimental program to verify a recently proposed stochastic damage accumulation model for symmetric composite laminates subjected to fatigue loading are presented and used to support the development of a life prediction model. The model is based on the application of nonstationary Markov chains to the “critical element” approach for life prediction of composites. It is a hybrid strength/stiffness degradation model which utilizes basic probability-stress-life information (P-S-N curves) in conjunction with the evolutionary distribution of stresses on the critical load bearing plies of a laminate to determine the evolutionary probability of failure of a laminate. The applicability of the life prediction model is demonstrated through a numerical example.     

Finite element modeling of block shear failure in coped steel beams

Block shear is a potential failure mode that is encountered in the connection regions of coped steel beams. Limited experimental studies completed so far have shown that the block shear failure in coped steel beams is a complex phenomenon, which is highly dependent on the number of bolt lines. In this paper, the use of the finite element method in predicting the block shear failure load was studied by making comparisons with experimental findings. The effects of numerical modeling details on load capacity predictions were investigated. In light of these investigations, a finite element analysis methodology has been developed and used to conduct a parametric study. Simplified load capacity prediction equations were developed based on the results of the parametric study and are presented herein.     

Modelling the structural behaviour of frost-damaged reinforced concrete structures

A methodology is introduced to predict the mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete structures with an observed amount of frost damage at a given time. It is proposed that the effects of internal frost damage and surface scaling can be modelled as changes of material and bond properties, and geometry, respectively. These effects were studied and suggestions were made to relate the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity, as the indicators of damage, to the response of the damaged concrete in compression and tension, and to the bond behaviour. The methodology was applied to concrete beams affected by internal frost damage, using non-linear finite element analyses. A comparison of the results with available experimental data indicated that the changes in failure mode and, to a rather large extent, the effect on failure load caused by internal frost damage can be predicted. However, an uncertainty was the extension and distribution of the damaged region which affected the prediction of the load capacity.     

钢-混凝土组合梁栓钉连接件的性能研究综述

以国内外相关理论、试验研究及设计资料的收集为基础,探讨栓钉剪力连接件的破坏机理,受力特性和影响栓钉承载力主要因素,对栓钉剪力连接件在高强混凝土组合梁中的性能进行了分析.最后,对钢混凝土组合梁中栓钉剪力连接件的设计提出了建议.     

Analysis of Structures in Fire as Simplified Skeletal Frames Using a Customised Beam Finite Element

This paper presents a customised beam finite element and analysis formulation for structures in fire, where structures are modelled as skeletal frames, even for composite frames. This provides a simple and fast approach, suitable for design office analyses, with the objective of making structural fire design more accessible for consulting engineers. The methodology proposed has a generic formulation so is suitable for concrete, steel or composite structures. A single, resultant bending and axial stiffness is calculated for a generic cross-section. Stiffnesses are calculated about updated neutral axis positions, which can change during analyses. Thermal effects are applied using resultant pseudo forces. Three case studies are investigated with predicted and experimental deflections showing good correlation. Case Study 1 presents a concrete slab subjected to a standard fire, and deflections predicted by the proposed methodology are between 4.7% and 16.9% different from experimental results, comparable to an advanced modelling system. Two composite beams are considered in Case Study 2. Results for the first composite beam are almost indistinguishable from deflections predicted by a significantly more complicated 3D analysis method in the literature. The runaway failure that occurs during the second composite beam experiment is anticipated by the proposed formulation. In Case Study 3 a full composite floor slab subjected to a real fire is investigated. A novel contribution of the paper is demonstrated in that a slab experiencing tensile membrane action can be modelled using a series of beam elements. Predicted deflections are typically in the order of 12.7% different from experimental results (with both over and under predictions occurring), closer to experimental results than a contemporary full 3D analysis. The aforementioned case studies are carried out using subroutines coupled with a simple, commercially available, finite element program to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

新型轻钢复合墙体承重抗火试验及其墙柱热翼缘温升简化计算研究

提出以蒸压加气混凝土(ALC)板与玻特(CS)板作为覆板组合、以钢蒙皮和钢带作为墙板拼缝保护措施的新型轻钢复合墙体构造,开展了ALC板-CS板覆面的新型构造轻钢复合墙体足尺模型承重抗火试验。将轻钢复合墙体受火侧由不同覆板组合而成的防火构造简化为一层均质防护层,提出均质防护层的等效热物理参数(包括厚度、比热容、密度和导热系数)简化计算方法。根据能量守恒原理以及有限差分方法,提出ALC板-CS板覆面轻钢复合墙体的墙柱热翼缘受火温升简化增量表达式。结果表明:ALC板-CS板覆面轻钢复合墙体在0.27荷载比率条件下发生高温承载力失效的耐火极限达到197 min,表现出优异的耐火性能; 提出的温升简化增量表达式预测结果与有限元模拟结果吻合良好,可以用于确定轻钢复合墙体的耐火极限。     

复合地层中盾构滚刀磨损实用预测方法及应用

盾构机在复合地层掘进过程中常因刀具磨损量过大而产生掘进工效降低和刀具失效等问题。依托深圳地铁13号线白应区间复合地层段滚刀磨损数据,根据Rabinowicz磨粒磨损计算模型提出了一种滚刀磨损量实用预测方法。该方法结合滑移率计算公式和刀盘扭矩、刀盘推力得到滚刀滑动距离,通过科罗拉多矿业学院模型(CSM模型)、岩石强度参数和滚刀贯入深度确定接触面法向荷载,根据滚刀设计参数确定其材料强度。通过确定影响滚刀磨损量的三个主要因素(滑动距离、接触面法向荷载和材料强度),推导出了考虑盾构滚刀磨损体积计算公式,并采用深圳地铁13号线白应区间复合地层段滚刀实测磨损量与磨损量预测值进行对比验证。结果表明:实测磨损量与预测较为吻合,验证了所提出的滚刀磨损量预测方法的合理性,研究成果可为复合地层中盾构滚刀磨损量预测和换刀时机的确定提供理论依据。