混合溶剂法生产氯磺化聚乙烯实验初探

将高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）树脂溶于混合溶剂中,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,在装有搅拌的搪玻璃反应釜中用氯气进行氯化,用氯气和二氧化硫的混合气体进行氯磺酰化反应后制得氯磺化聚乙烯（CSM）溶液,经后部凝聚、挤压脱水后生产氯磺化聚乙烯。通过实验过程中的数据积累,掌握实验过程中的一些特殊现象,并且对异常现象加以分析和解决,为下一步装置改造创造条件。     

混合溶剂中三氯甲烷的含量对氯磺化聚乙烯生产的影响研究

为解决四氯化碳配额不能满足生产负荷需要的问题,本文首次使用了三氯甲烷与四氯化碳作为混合溶剂进行生产实验。研究了氯磺化聚乙烯生产中,三氯甲烷含量对氯磺化聚乙烯生产中各项工艺指标的影响。结果表明,三氯甲烷与四氯化碳的含量比为3∶7时,能够较好地满足生产要求,同时也达到了环保要求。     

氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶生产与应用

氯磺化聚乙烯(筒称CSM)是低密度聚乙烯或高密度聚乙烯经过氯化和氯磺化反应制得的一种特种橡胶。分子量一般在20000-30000之间，CSM具有独特的综合性能，具有良好的着色性、耐油、耐热、抗氧化性、耐候性、耐腐蚀性、阻燃性、耐磨性和韧性。因而用途广泛。     

增塑剂在氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶中的应用

研究增塑剂DOP、DOS和氯化石蜡对氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶(CSM)性能的影响。结果表明:加入不同品种增塑剂或随着增塑剂用量的增大,CSM胶料的门尼粘度下降,t10和t90延长,交联程度降低,硫化胶的拉断伸长率增大,其他物理性能和耐热空气老化性能均下降,氧指数呈减小趋势,耐低温性能提高;增塑剂DOS对CSM硫化胶耐低温性能的改善效果最大,增塑剂DOP次之,氯化石蜡最小;增塑剂DOS用量为40份的CSM硫化胶达到了耐严寒的要求。     

增塑剂在氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶中的应用

研究增塑剂DOP、DOS和氯化石蜡对氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶（CSM）性能的影响。结果表明：加入不同品种增塑剂或随着增塑剂用量的增大,CSM胶料的门尼粘度下降,t₁₀和t_{90延长,交联程度降低,硫化胶的拉断伸长率增大,其他物理性能和耐热空气老化性能均下降,氧指数呈减小趋势,耐低温性能提高;增塑剂DOS对CSM硫化胶耐低温性能的改善效果最大,增塑剂DOP次之,氯化石蜡最小;增塑剂DOS用量为40份的CSM硫化胶达到了耐严寒的要求。}     

对氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶耐酸性能的探讨

本文通过对氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶的耐酸试验的探讨,详细介绍其耐酸腐蚀的特性,并与丁基橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶,氯丁胶做了耐酸的对比试验。     

混合溶剂法氯磺化聚乙烯的研究

以高密度聚乙烯为原料,Cl2和SO2为反应气体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,进行了混合溶剂比例的工业化试验研究,探索了不同比例的混合溶剂对合成氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)的反应条件、反应过程和最终产物CSM的氯、硫含量及产品性能的影响,同时对CSM进行了表征。结果表明,在一定的工艺条件下,采用混合溶剂代替纯四氯化碳溶剂合成CSM,产品物性未受到溶剂更换的影响;在工业化装置上,采用混合溶剂可以稳定生产CSM,其性能指标达到同类产品的水平。     

氯磺化聚乙烯的结构与性能研究进展

简述了氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)在国内外的主要生产工艺方法,较详细地介绍了基体树脂类型、氯含量、硫含量等结构因素对CSM化学性能如热性能、力学性能以及耐燃性能的影响。同时还介绍了CSM中氯原子序列分布的3种定量分析方法,并对其相应特点进行了阐述。     

NBR／CSM并用比对共混胶耐热耐油性能的影响

研究了NBR／CSM并用比对共混胶硫化性能、力学性能、耐热老化性能和耐油性能的影响,并采用了扫描电镜分析方法表征共混胶浸油前后的结构。结果表明,随NBR用量的增加,共混胶的硫化效率提高,加工安全性能增强,耐油性能有所上升,但其耐热性能有所下降。当NBR／CSM并用比为60／40时,通过力学性能可知,共混胶中两相结构发生相反转。综合其性能,当NBR／CSM并用比为60／40时,共混胶具有最佳的耐热耐油性能,浸油后的抗拉强度保持率达到69％,断裂伸长率保持率达到86％,质量变化率为lO％,体积变化率为15％。     

真空汽提法脱氟净化湿法磷酸的研究

食品级磷酸国家标准要求酸中氟含量低于10mg／L。采用汽提法脱氟净化湿法磷酸,研究了真空度、脱氟时间、原料酸浓度对真空汽提脱氟效果的影响和汽提中磷损失的情况。结果表明：合适真空度为0．065～0．07MPa,时间为1．5h,脱氟效率不受原料磷酸浓度影响,原料磷酸W（P2O5）为52％最节省能耗和时间,磷损失率在0．6％以下。     

超重力法汽提废水中醋酸丁酯工艺的研究

建立了一套超重力汽提实验装置,进行了超重力法汽提废水中醋酸丁酯的实验研究,考察了超重力机转子转速、初始溶液温度、初始溶液浓度等对脱除效果的影响.醋酸丁酯的浓度采用安装了FID检测器和FFAP极性柱的气相色谱仪测定,测量方法采用内标法.实验结果表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,随着超重力机转子转速的增加,醋酸丁酯的脱除率也随之升高,达到最高点后则随着转速的增加缓慢降低.当进口液相流量小于140 L/h时,醋酸丁酯脱除率约在转速900 r/min时达到最高;当进口液相流量在140-200 L/h时,液相出口料液的醋酸丁酯浓度约在转速700 r/min时达到最高.在较佳的实验条件下,处理后液相出口醋酸丁酯浓度可低于70μg/g,脱除率可达到98%以上.     

超声波辅助混合溶剂提取蚕沙中叶绿素的工艺研究

以石油醚-丙酮混合溶剂为提取剂,采用超声波辅助法提取蚕沙中叶绿素,以叶绿素提取率为目标,对超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、固液比、助剂(丙酮)含量和提取次数进行优选研究。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为提取次数4次,助剂(丙酮)含量20%,固液比1∶4(g/mL),超声时间50 min,超声功率90 W,超声温度45℃。在此优化条件下,蚕沙中叶绿素提取率为90.6%。     

Photografting of N‐isopropylacrylamide on polyethylene film in mixed solvents composed of water and organic solvent

The effects of a mixed solvent consisting of water and organic solvents such as acetone and methanol on the photografting (λ > 300 nm) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) on linear low‐density polyethylene film (thickness = 30 μm) was investigated at 30°C and 60°C. Xanthone, which had been coated on the film, was used as a photoinitiator. The photografting initiated even in the system at 30°C by using a longer irradiation time. It was found that the maximum percentage of grafting was attained at a certain concentration of organic solvent in the mixed solvent, which shifted to a lower concentration of organic solvent in the system at 60°C compared with the system at 30°C. It was found that the grafted chains of the sample prepared in the system with the higher polymerization temperature and the use of mixed solvent penetrated into the center of the film compared with the sample prepared in the system with the lower polymerization temperature and use of a water solvent. Moreover, the NIPAAm‐grafted films exhibited temperature responsiveness, swelling and shrinking in water at 0°C and 50°C, respectively. The extent of this characteristic was found to be closely related to the location of the grafted chains in film substrate, which was measured by an attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscope and a scanning electron microscope. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 458–463, 2003     

Photografting of methacrylic acid on polyethylene film: Effect of mixed solvents consisting of water and organic solvent

Photografting of methacrylic acid (MAA) on linear low‐density polyethylene film (thickness = 30 μm) was investigated at 60°C in mixed solvents consisting of water and organic solvent with xanthone as the photoiniator. The organic solvents examined were acetone, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. A maximum percentage of grafting was observed at a certain concentration of organic solvent in the mixed solvent, depending on the nature of the organic solvent. Distribution of the grafted chains in the resultant MAA‐grafted film, which was examined by scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total‐reflection IR spectroscopy, was largely influenced by the use of the mixed solvent. The grafted samples swelled in the alkaline region and shrank in acidic medium, showing a pH‐responsive character. The extent of the pH‐responsive function was closely related to the location of grafted chains, which could be controlled by proper choice of the composition of organic solvent in the mixed solvent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2454–2461, 2002