工业陶瓷精密加工技术的研究现状

工业陶瓷具有高强度、高硬度、耐高温和抗腐蚀等优异性能,在机械电子、航空 航天、军事国防等领域有着广泛的应用。陶瓷产品存在高脆性的特点,在工业陶瓷加工时会出 现裂纹和崩溃等问题。在过去几十年中,改善传统机械加工技术、应用新型特种加工技术以及 研究复合加工技术方法成为一个共同关注的问题,研究成果在提高工业陶瓷的加工效率、保证 陶瓷产品表面完整性方面发挥出了积极的作用。本文总结了工业陶瓷精密加工技术研究进展。     

矿物加工机械教学探讨

矿物加工机械是一门专业课,课程内容较多、涉及到的设备多且有很强的应用性。该门课程对学生从事矿物相关科研、选矿等工作至关重要。当前大部分高校在矿物加工机械这门课程中存在教材陈旧、学生实践不足、课堂上与学生互动较少等问题。从平时教学过程中,总结了几点提高矿物加工机械这门专业课教学效果的体会。主要改进手段有：选择或编写合适的教材、让学生亲自动手实践、采用互动式教学方式等。通过这些改进措施,教学效果得以提高。     

光学镜片加工企业节水改造实例

光学镜片加工的清洗流程消耗大量水资源,同时末端产生大量清洗废水。2015年水污染防治行动计划实施,其中明确提出着力节约保护水资源,生产企业面临严峻的节水压力。天津市某光学镜片加工企业通过建立水平衡明确镜片加工清洗流程的用水排水情况,在此基础上对清洗流程进行改造,取得了明显的节水效益和废水减排效益。     

磷矿选矿现状及发展趋势

磷矿是一种重要的化工矿物原料,在工业上主要用于生产磷系肥料,制造黄磷、磷酸、磷化物及其它磷酸盐类产品。由于大量开采,富矿资源逐渐减少,人们被迫从难选的低品位胶磷矿中提取磷系产品。攻克低品位胶磷矿富集的难关是许多科研工作者的目标。本文介绍了我国胶磷矿资源、用途和选矿工艺现状,对现行选矿工艺和选矿药剂进行了评述,指出了胶磷矿选矿的发展趋势。     

浅析制革工业废水处理的技术现状

制革工业废水水量大,有机物、硫化物及铬化物含量高,污染危害性大,必须加以有效的、充分的治理。文章介绍了制革废水目前常用的一些处理工艺,包括对含铬废水和含硫废水的单项处理技术,以及传统活性污泥法、SBR法、氧化沟法、生物接触氧化法等综合处理技术。通过比较,氧化沟和SBR法在去除效率、运行稳定性和工程投资等方面均具有明显的优势,是适合我国制革废水的处理工艺。     

Improvement of dead-end filtration of biopolymers with pressure electrofiltration

Solid/liquid separation of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins is still a problem not solved sufficiently on a technical scale. The main objective of the presented work was to set up a process strategy in order to improve the recovery of biopolymers by dead-end filtration. One aspect was the investigation of the influence of the pH value, ionic strength and pressure on the filtration kinetics of the dead-end filtration of the polysaccharide xanthan. pH value and ionic strength have an impact on the hydrodynamic radius and the zeta potential of biopolymers, and thus they have an impact on the filter cake structure and the filtration kinetics. The main focus was set on the enhancement of the filtrate flux by an electric field. This process, called pressure electrofiltration, leads to a drastic improvement of the filtration kinetics. The filtration time was thereby reduced from the range of hours down to minutes. Additionally another strategy was followed up, which aimed at an improvement of the specific filter cake resistance by changing process parameters like the pH and the ionic strength. These parameters influence the polymer-polymer and the polymer-water interactions and thus have an influence on the filter cake properties. Due to the great acceleration of the filtration kinetics the pressure electrofiltration serves as an interesting alternative to the cross-flow filtration and the precipitation with alcohol for the separation of biopolymers.     

含聚油泥的分离处理现场试验

注聚产出液中产生的大量含聚油泥严重影响污水终端的运行,污染环境。针对某终端含聚油泥的特性,在室内实验研究的基础上设计并制造了一套含聚油泥处理装置,通过现场调试及运行,考察了装置单批次运行时间、对不同组分油泥的稳定处理能力、分离处理后的泥水含油率等指标。结果表明,分离后的泥水中含油均处于0.32%~2.43%之间,原油回收率达到90%,单批次运行时间基本稳定,平均在85 min左右。     

印刷线路板资源化研究进展

介绍了目前国内外处理废弃印刷线路板的四种处理方法：火法回收、机械法回收、化学法回收和生物法回收。并比较了这四种方法的优缺点。考虑到环境友好的资源化处理方式,因此应综合考虑各种方法的优点,有效实现印刷线路板的资源化。     

复合材料螺栓发展概况

复合材料螺栓与金属螺栓相比具有质量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀、耐候性、绝缘性能好等优点,在化工防腐、电气工程、铁路运输、船舶等领域获得广泛的应用；本文综述了复合材料螺栓的国内外发展现状及趋势,同时介绍了复合材料螺栓所使用的原材料以及国内外普遍采用的复合材料螺栓成型方法.     

基于二维小波分解的图像压缩方法

基于二维小波分解的图像压缩方法 ,给出了二维正交小波基的构造原理 ,并将二维Mallat算法用于图像压缩处理 ,取得了满意的结果。表明小波分解是实现图像压缩的一种十分有效的工具     

浅析城市污水处理工艺——以某污水处理厂二期工程为例

以某污水处理厂二期工程为例,较为准确地阐述了水量与进出水水质等参数,合理地确定了本次设计的水质指标。以充分降低水质污染为首要原则,优选各种处理工艺,确定了一级强化处理加后续深度处理的工艺主体,并附带消毒除臭工艺,使得出水水质达到一级A标准。     

Nonhydrogenative processing of a saskatchewan heavy oil under mild conditions using disposable additives

In this study, a nonhydrogenative process for partial upgrading of heavy oil was evaluated in a semi-continuous laboratory scale unit for producing a low viscosity oil which could be pipelined easily. The process was conducted at atmospheric pressure and over a temperature range of 400 to 470°C. Gas production was negligibly small (1-2 wt. % of the feed) and there was virtually no coking of reactor except at high coal concentrations (> 9.1 wt. %) and high reactor temperatures (470°C). The particulate content of the liquid product which contained unreacted coal, ash and coke (defined as toluene-insolubles) was less than 5 wt.% in the majority of the cases. In the presence of coal, iron oxide mixed with coal. and iron oxide alone, maximum reductions in viscosity were: from 1540 to 248 mPa.s, from 1540 to 192 mPa.s, and from 1540 to 80 mPa.s, respectively. A moderate improvement in API gravity (from 13.0 to 18.2) was obtained using 1 wt. % iron oxide additive at 470°C. However, apparent pitch (resid) conversion were of the order of only 20-30 wt. %.     

Processing of High-Density Submicrometer Al2O3 for New Applications

Sintered corundum components with submicrometer grain sizes exhibit properties which enable numerous new applications. Wet powder processing is developed to associate minimum grain sizes at highest densities with the lowest population of macrodefects. A closest ratio of powder particle size and sintered grain size is important for obtaining most fine-grained microstructures. This target was approached best by using powders with particle sizes in the range of 100–200 nm rather than with smaller nanoparticles.     

Preparation of polymer microspheres in supercritical carbon dioxide and their evaluation as cold‐flow improvers in diesel

Polymeric microspheres were synthesized by the precipitation copolymerization of methacrylic acid and styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the products were spherical microparticles. The mean diameter of the particles was 0.2–2 μm. The synthesis conditions affecting the particle size and morphology were examined in detail. The well‐distributed copolymer microspheres were applied as low‐temperature improvers for diesel. The results showed excellent performance for high‐paraffin diesel at low temperatures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

FCMC旋流微泡浮选柱的研制与开发

ＦＣＭＣ旋流微泡浮选柱是一种新型高效的细粒分选设备。本文重点介绍其原理、结构及在选煤领域的开发应用,阐述其在选矿行业的广泛应用前景。     

Quasi-stable temperature of the steady state of microwave heated hematite

Microwave heated materials often reach a quasi-stable temperature resulting in thermal runaway. To control steady state in microwave processing, it is important to predict the quasi-stable temperature of the steady state. We demonstrated that the microwave heating behavior of hematite varies significantly with its initial temperature. In microwave heating, hematite samples could not be heated from room temperature, whereas hematite samples preheated to 410 °C or higher was heated to a temperature of 1020 °C. The microwave heating behavior can be accurately predicted by considering the steady-state energy balance.     

煤焦油加工技术现状及深加工发展方向

概述了国内外煤焦油生产,利用,加工工艺的现状以及深加工的发展方向,论述了煤焦油产品在世界化工原料需求中的重要地位和煤焦油加工的重要意义,指出了国内煤焦油加工业存在的一些问题,并对此提出了一些合理的建议,以期对国内煤焦油加工产业的发展有一定的指导。     

Fabrication of ZrO2 and ATZ materials via UV-LCM-DLP additive manufacturing technology

The development of photosensitive slurries for additive manufacturing is attracting high interest due to their correlation with the final properties of the fabricated parts. Lithography-based ceramics manufacturing (LCM), i.e. digital light processing (DLP), is one of the techniques that is receiving high attention. Within the different ceramic materials, ZrO₂ and ATZ are the most studied due to their potential applications including in the dental field. In this work, the fabrication of ZrO₂ and ATZ materials via LCM-DLP is shown. A comparison between one- and two-step procedures to develop UV-curable ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ slurries was performed. The printed parts with a relative density of ∼99% for both ZrO₂ and ATZ were subjected to 4-point bending measurements, obtaining flexural strength values around 800 MPa for both ZrO₂ and ATZ materials prepared by using the one-step slurry.     

Synthesis of Compositionally Homogeneous Sr(CuxZn1−x)1/2W1/2O3

A complex perovskite of Sr(Cu _x Zn_{1- x} )_1/2 W_1/2O₃ (SCZW) is synthesized by a new combination of wet and dry processess. Mixed oxides containing Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ (CZ) are prepared by the wet process (coprecipitate method). SCZW is obtained by the dry process (mixed-oxide method) from a mixture of CZ, SrCO₃, and WO₃. SCZW has practically no compositional, unlike solid solutions prepared by the conventional dry method. The wet–dry process method is useful because the wet process is applied to only B-site cations having the same valence.